MICMAC Method Research Articles

Structural analysis of the tourism impacts in the form of future study in developing countries (case study: Iran)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the process of tourism growth at a national scale in Iran, by taking into account the reviews of previous studies, views of experts and structural analysis. Design/methodology/approach In this investigation, structural analysis technique has been used to identify the correlation between variables by using mix method data analysis. By using cross-impact analysis (N × N integer matrix) in the form of the Micmac method, the economic, sociocultural and environmental factors have been evaluated. Findings The results of the distribution of factors in the coordinate axes and the graphs between them indicate their features, and for reaching a sustainable system of tourism development, at first, priority should be given to the negative influential factors, especially the environmental fields, and then the focus should be on the decrease of the dual and risk variables as they cannot be anticipated. Originality/value For the rapid growth of tourism in many countries, governments ensure that policies have been heeded in designing and preparing general plans of the country to understand how the development trend is moving on. In this respect, arisen impacts of tourism system are one of the important issues during the development path and in the field of tourism future. Because of the complexity and broadness of tourism activities, these impacts have also many interconnected dimensions that should also be considered while studying tourism impacts.

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MENJADI LAHAN TERBANGUN PASCA PERPINDAHAN IBUKOTA KABUPATEN SUKABUMI DI WILAYAH TELUK PALABUHANRATU

The determination of the Capital of Sukabumi Regency had implications on Palabuhanratu Bay area in terms of the physical area marked by the change of land use. This research was begun by analyzing land use change using Landsat imagery. Markov Chain and CA-Markov Chain method were used to predict land use change. Prospective Structural Analysis assume that the future is different from the past and is not imposed, but can be built. MICMAC method were used to determine key variables in influencing the change of land use into built-area. The results showed that in the period of post-relocation, the built-up area had a significant increase than the period of pre-relocation. The prediction results of 2030 indicate the type of land use which had a significant decrease from 2016-2030 were beach sand and waterbodies. The type of land use which had higher increase was built-up area and shrub. The key variables that influence the change of land use into built-up area in Palabuhanratu Bay area in the present situation are distance to the city center, Regional Spatial Plan policy, and slope. In future situation, variables such as distance to cities, Regional Spatial Plan policy, and the proportion of paddy field would be the key variables in influencing the change of land use into built-up area.

Use of structural systems analysis for the integrated water resources management in the Nenetzingo river watershed, Mexico

Currently, many parts of the world are facing challenges resulting from poor water quality and water scarcity. To achieve water sustainability under this scenario, the main causes of water problems must be addressed while simultaneously dealing with their consequences. The development of a systemic perspective of water management is vital for facing such challenges. Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is one approach that analyzes water management from a systemic perspective, and structured systems analysis is a generalized and complementary approach that can facilitate the analysis of water management systems. The objective of this study was to perform a structural analysis of the water management system of the Nenetzingo River watershed (Mexico), with the goal of providing strategic and tactical guidance for the integrated water resources management of the watershed. Thus, in this study, a structural analytical method (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification [MICMAC]) and a strategic planning perspective were employed. Modifications to the MICMAC method were necessary to comply with the objectives of the present study, leading to the proposal of an enhanced MICMAC method, denominated e-MICMAC. Overall, 49 variables were identified as relevant to the water management system of Nenetzingo, of which eight strongly influence the other variables and 10 are dependent on the dynamics of the system. In addition, nine variables serve as links between the influential and the dependent variables, while 18 variables were unable to be clearly characterized. Finally, three variables were excluded from the systems analysis without impact. Of the total variables, 22 were found to be essential to the system’s dynamics and were considered key variables. These key variables were then used to provide strategic and tactical guidance for the IWRM of the study basin. In conclusion, the structural analysis approach enabled the structure of the studied system to be elucidated. The variables that constituted the system were determined in addition to their relationships of influence or dependence. Lastly, the complexity of the analysis was reduced through the determination of key variables. The present structural analysis represents an important tool for achieving the sustainability of water resources in the Nenetzingo watershed and can strengthen planning measures in both the short and the long term while facilitates the definition of scenarios for the implementation.

Factors Affecting Sustainability of alternatives livelihood in coastal community of Nembrala East Nusa Tenggara: An Application of MICMAC Method

Coastal communities are known to prone to vulnerability arising from their nature of work. As they are mostly working as fishermen, natural hazards, isolation and climate variabilities are often constraining their ability to obtain sufficient income to support their livelihood. Hence, finding sustainable alternatives source of income is a sensible way to cope with such uncertainty and vulnerability. Achieving sustainable income, nevertheless, is challenging issue since it is affected by various factors from socio-economic as well as institutional perspectives. This paper is an attempt to assess the issue of alternative livelihood by identifying key variables affecting its sustainability. A MICMAC method was used and key variables from the analysis were then identified to support sustainable alternative livelihood in the communities. Lessons learned were also drawn from this study for policy makers and fisheries authorities in the regions.

A model for evaluating a greenbelt planning in the city of Qazvin (Iran) using MICMAC method

This paper addresses a model for evaluating land use suitability in the city of Qazvin, Iran. It considers greenbelt was an opportunity to increase the ecological performance and the quality of life in the city. Existing traditional orchards and a Forest Park that could be part of a sub-natural greenbelt, but the weak structure of the local management and poor applied information technologies are jeopardising any opportunity to create a greenbelt programme. In this regard, MICMAC and GIS techniques are considered to provide sounds arguments for a greenbelt planning in the city. This was carried out through a hybrid method with statistical and spatial analysis. The results revealed that a greenbelt would be spatially corresponded to the existing traditional orchards and the Forest Park with an overlapping of 40%. Hence, Qazvin has a good opportunity to plan a suitable greenbelt, as a measure to control the course of a rapid urban sprawl. Based on the evidences gathered in Qazvin, a conceptual model for planning greenbelts is proposed.

Cognitive governance, cognitive mapping and cognitive conflicts: Structural analysis with the MICMAC method

Abstract This research aims to achieve a better understanding of the modes of conceptualization and thinking on issues of governance. It is part of a cognitive approach, to our knowledge unprecedented. This research has shown that the mapping concepts of governance can provide the original performance and meaningful. The purpose was to plot the thought of governance actors in the form of a cognitive map and analyze it. The results highlighted the relative importance of the concepts they used, the dimensions from which they structured more or less consciously, here own thoughts, and the nature and characteristics of the concepts they considered primarily as an explanation or consequences. They allowed characterizing very special or very precise structure and content of the thought of these actors. The construction of collective cognitive maps is to help structure the relationship between governance actors in the sense that it will detect the conflict relations of cognitive order. The cognitive map is by de...

The characteristics matrix as a tool for analysing process structure

The characteristics matrix is a tool to describe the relationship between product characteristics and process operations. It has been used traditionally with only descriptive purposes and analysed with a very limited intuitive approach. In this paper we present a methodology to analyse deeply the process structure using the information contained in the characteristics matrix. We apply the principles of the mic-mac method to study both direct and indirect internal relations, defining importance criteria and identifying the most important characteristics and operations.