Women In Mexico Research Articles

Women in Mexico’s Executive Branch: Discrimination, Family Connections, and Formal Career Paths

ABSTRACT What explains women’s exclusion from and entry into high-level executive positions? This article analyzes the recruitment of cabinet secretaries and assistant secretaries in Mexico. We examine two potential causal factors to explain women’s exclusion from high-level executive positions: an inadequate supply of qualified women and a preference for men by those making the appointments. We also examine two potential causal factors to explain women’s entry into the executive branch: reliance on family connections and formally structured career paths. We find no evidence to support the supply hypothesis, but we do find evidence of gender discrimination in executive appointments, especially in agencies that have never had a female leader. We also find that women are no more likely than men to rely on family connections to get high-level executive appointments and that women do better in careers structured by clear qualifications and formal procedures for advancement.

Online Education for WIC Professionals

Breastfeeding initiation is on the rise in New Mexico; however, breastfeeding duration here, and around the world, does not meet international recommendations. Misunderstanding a baby’s behavior is often an overlooked variable that decreases breastfeeding duration. Hoping to help parents better understand how child development impacts breastfeeding, 138 New Mexico Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) professionals recently completed HUG Your Baby's Roadmap to Breastfeeding Success—a 2-hour online program, with accompanying resources, that covers key information from birth to 1 year. After completing the course, participants demonstrated increased knowledge of how child development impacts breastfeeding, expressed a stronger intention to teach parents about normal child behavior, and reported greater confidence to do so. The course was viewed as evidence-based, its online format was well-received, and participants would recommend it to colleagues.

Of Justice and Family: The Social Impact of New Legislation against Gender Violence among Battered Women in Mexico

Of Justice and Family: The Social Impact of New Legislation against Gender Violence among Battered Women in Mexico

The Invisible Burden of Violence Against Girls and Young Women in Mexico: 1990 to 2015.

The increasing burden of interpersonal violence in women in Mexico is a neglected social and health problem that competes with other leading causes of premature death, disability, and health losses in young women. In this article, we focus on revealing the burden of violence in girls and young women and its implications for public policy. This study presents the subnational analysis of Mexico from the Global Burden of Disease study (1990-2015). The global study harmonized information of 195 countries and 79 risk factors. The study analyzed the deaths, years of life lost to premature death (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and the healthy years of life lost or disability-adjusted life year (DALY) related to violence. Nationwide, violence in young women accounts for 7% of all deaths in the 10 to 29 years age group and arises as the second most important cause of death in all age groups, except 10 to 14 years old, where it stands in the seventh position from 1990 to 2015. The health losses and social impact related to violence in young women demands firm actions by the government and society. It is urgent for health institutions to focus on the health of girls and young women because gender inequities have an enormous effect on their lives. Girls and women are nearly universally less powerful, less privileged, and have fewer opportunities than men.

The Impact of Unpaid Work on Employment Status in Mexico

Women in Mexico spent at least three times as much time on unpaid work compared to men. It is argued that these duties restrict women in their time use and channel them into flexible working arrangements, which are predominantly in the informal economy. This motivates the hypothesis investigated in this paper, that unpaid work impacts employment status of women in Mexico. The empirical investigations are made using the national occupation and employment survey of Mexico. The results obtained from the sequential logit model suggest that hours spend on unpaid work decrease the probability of being formally employed of women.

Child labor and severe functioning difficulties and disability in Mexican children and adolescents 5-17 years of age.

To describe the characteristics of Mexican children and adolescents 5-17 years with severe functioning difficulties and disability and explore their participation in child labor. Using data from the National Survey of Boys, Girls and Women in Mexico 2015 we estimated prevalence of functioning difficulties and disability and used logistic regression to explore the association between this condition and child labor. While 11.2% of Mexicans 5-17 years-old has severe functioning difficulties or disability, 13.4% work. The functioning difficulty and disability domains with the highest prevalence are experiencing anxiety (5.4%) and depression (1.5%) daily. Children and adolescents with severe functioning difficulties and disability are 70% more likely to do child labor [OR=1.7, 95%CI:1.2,2.4]. Educational lag doubles the likelihood of doing child labor [OR=2.2, 95%CI:1.5,3.3]. Guaranteeing educational opportunities and respect for the rights of children with severe functioning difficulties and disability is essential to achieve development of their full potential.

Prevalence of functioning difficulties and disability in Mexican adolescent women and their populational characteristics.

Report prevalence of functioning difficulties and disabilities among Mexican adolescent women 15-17 years old and identify differences in characteristics of those with and without a functioning difficulty or disability. Using data from the National Survey of Boys, Girls and Women in Mexico 2015 we estimated prevalence of functioning difficulties and disability and used chi square tests for independence and logistic regression to explore associations between this condition and various characteristics. Of Mexican adolescent women 15-17 years old, 11.1% had a functioning difficulty or disability. The group of domains of functioning difficulty and disability with by far the highest prevalence was socio-emotional and behavioral functioning difficulties or disability with 8.6%. Being employed, rural residence and self-reported depression symptoms were associated with having functioning difficulties or disability. This survey constitutes an important initial step in collecting data on functioning difficulty and disability in Mexico although larger samples should be studied.

Abstract 5274: Risk of comorbidities among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors compared to breast cancer free women

Abstract Hispanic women are projected to account for an increasing proportion of the U.S. breast cancer (BC) survivor population which is reaching 3.1 million. The number of BC survivors at risk of developing age-related comorbid conditions is increasing. Limited studies have examined the relationship between being a BC survivor and risk of comorbidities compared to BC free women of similar age. Few studies have included Hispanic women, in which the prevalence of chronic conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension are high. In this study we examined the associations between BC survivor status, ethnicity, and risk of comorbidities among long-term BC survivors and BC free women/controls that participated in the New Mexico Women’s Health Study (NMWHS) - a population-based case-control study from 1992-1994. The Long-Term Quality of Life Follow-up Study (2007-2011) was conducted approximately 15 years (median) from BC diagnosis for cases or selection date for controls that participated in the NMWHS. Data for comorbid conditions, lifestyle and reproductive factors were collected at follow-up interview. Baseline data from the NMWHS interviews were also available. A total of 449 BC survivors (68 Hispanic, 131 NHW) and controls (78 Hispanic, 172 NHW) were included in this analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression models for the associations between survivor status, risk of disease-specific conditions and comorbidities based on Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) level (low-high vs none) at follow-up. The mean age at follow-up of BC survivors (64.3 years) and controls (64.0 years) was not significantly different. A total of 128 survivors and 139 controls experienced low-high levels of CCI (chi-sq. p=0.06). The two most commonly reported CCI conditions among survivors and controls were connective tissue disease (43% of survivors; 33% of controls) and chronic pulmonary disease (25% of survivors; 18% of controls). Overall, BC survivors had increased risk of CCI (OR, 1.66; 95% CI 1.10-2.51), compared to controls. While Hispanic ethnicity was not a significant predictor of CCI, the following factors were significantly associated with CCI and were mutually adjusted for with survivor status: smoked for > 6 months at baseline (OR, 1.59; 95% CI 1.06-2.38); hypertension at follow-up (OR, 1.84; 95% CI 1.19-2.85); and history of hysterectomy (OR, 1.97; 95% CI 1.28-3.03). BC survivor status significantly predicted risk of connective tissue (OR, 1.76; 95% CI 1.17-2.64) and chronic pulmonary diseases (OR, 1.68; 95% CI 1.04-2.70); while no significant associations were observed for risk of diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease. Our findings suggest that smoking history and hysterectomy are contextual factors when considering BC survivorship care, and comorbidities such as connective tissue and pulmonary diseases should also be considered. Citation Format: Avonne E. Connor, Kala Visvanathan, Stephanie D. Boone, Richard N. Baumgartner, Kathy B. Baumgartner. Risk of comorbidities among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors compared to breast cancer free women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5274. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5274

Weight Loss Success Among Overweight and Obese Women of Mexican-Origin Living in Mexico and the United States: A Comparison of Two National Surveys.

We assessed variations in and correlates of weight-loss success (WLS) among overweight/obese women in Mexico (WIMX) and Mexican-American women (MA). We used cross-national data from 2006 ENSANUT (Mexico) and NHANES (2001-2008) to compare 5061 WIMX with 550 MA's without known metabolic conditions. WLS was defined as losing ≥5% of body weight over 1year. MA's were more likely to attain WLS (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01-1.70). WLS among WIMX was higher in those with at least high school, a provider screen of overweight and a lower BMI. Among MA's, an incomplete high school versus primary education reduced the odds of WLS. Among women who lost ≥10lbs, weight-loss strategies such as eating less were higher among MA's. MA women were more likely than WIMX to attain WLS. Understanding these disparities can help design customized public health interventions that curb the obesity epidemic in these women in both countries.

Gender Based Violence and Reproductive Health of Indigenous Women in Mexico

Millions of girls and women suffer from violence and its consequences because of their sex and their unequal status in society. Gender-based violence is a serious violation of women’s human rights. Yet little attention has been paid to the serious health consequences of abuse and the health needs of abused women and girls. Women who have experienced physical, sexual, or psychological violence suffer a range of reproductive health problems, often in silence. They have also poorer physical and mental health, suffer more injuries, and use more medical resources than non-abused women. Thus, in this paper we have tried to explore how gender-based violence impact on the reproductive health of indigenous women in Mexico. For this study, we have interviewed 250 indigenous women in Monterrey Metropolitan Region of Mexico.

Antenatal Care Among Poor Women in Mexico in the Context of Universal Health Coverage.

To study the influence of enrollment in the subsidized insurance program, Seguro Popular (SP), on timely (within three gestational months) and complete (at least four visits) antenatal care, in the context of expanding health coverage in Mexico. A cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 was conducted. Using quasi-experimental matching methods, we analyzed the influence of SP on timely antenatal care and a minimum of four visits for 6175 women (aged 14-49), and explored heterogeneous influences by socioeconomic status (SES) and educational level. Approximately 80 % of women reported timely antenatal care, with no significant difference between SP and non-SP-except among SP women from low SES households, who had an increased probability of timely antenatal care by 1.88 (p < 0.05). Enrollment in SP increased the probability of receiving at least four visits (1.65, p < 0.01) but this was not independently associated with SP enrollment when modeled together with timely antenatal care. Overall, higher SES increased the probability of antenatal care, while higher educational level increased the probability of four visits. To increase the impact of SP on antenatal care requires focusing on efforts to promote timely attendance as an important factor towards achieving the goal of universal health coverage of maternal and child health services in Mexico.

Trafficking of Women in Mexico and Their Health Risk: Issues and Problems

Trafficking in women is one of the most corrosive forms of human rights violation. It results in the gradual destruction of a woman’s personal identity and her right to live as a free human. The victim is subjected to violence, humiliation and violation of her personal integrity, which may result in life threatening diseases like HIV/AIDS, STDs or lifelong trauma, drug addiction or personality disintegration. It can also be seen as denial of the right to liberty and security of the person, and the right to freedom from torture, violence, cruelty or degrading treatment. Over the last few decades, international trafficking of women has been given more attention by researchers. However at present internal trafficking is drawing more attention and concern from researchers. The complexity of obtaining visas and strict patrolling on international borders has caused a boom of internal trafficking around the world. Thus, the current paper aims to investigate trafficking of women for sexual exploitation including the recruitment process, methods of trafficking and working conditions of the victims; as well as to explore the determinants of sexual violence and its impact on the health of trafficked women in Monterrey, Mexico. For the present study a total of 60 women were interviewed using a snowball method between 2007 and 2013.

Central American Migrants in Transit through Mexico Women and Gender Violence; Challenges for the Mexican State

The purpose of this study is to show the legal and institutional mechanisms for the protection of human rights of Central American migrants women in transit through Mexico, who are victims of violence, vulnerability, marginalization and responsibility of the Mexican government to deal with mechanisms legal protection under international standards as well as the progress in the protection and the eradication of all forms of discrimination and violence against them and the gaps and omissions finally an assessment of the impact of legislative actions and reflections on the flaws and inconsistencies in the current system to this population.

The use of the edinburgh postpartum depression scale in a population of teenager pregnant women in Mexico: a validation study.

Background :Depression may occur in teenager pregnant women. The use of a validated tool for screening depression is highly recommended. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) is a screening tool for depression used in women during the postnatal period and pregnancy. However, the EPDS has not been validated in teenager pregnant women. Therefore, we sought to validate a Spanish translated Mexican version of the EPDS in a population of teenager pregnant women. Methods: One hundred and twenty teenager pregnant women attending routine prenatal consultations in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico participated in the study. All participants submitted a revised Spanish translated Mexican version of the EPDS and were examined by a psychiatrist to evaluate the presence of depression by using DSM-IV criteria. Results: Of the 120 teenager pregnant women studied, 2 had major depression and 25 had minor depression according to the DSM-IV criteria. The optimal EPDS cut-off for screening combined major and minor depression in teenager pregnant women was 8/9. At this threshold, we found a sensitivity of 70.4%, a specificity of 84.9%, a positive predictive value of 47.6%, a negative predictive value of 91.0%, and an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.07). Conclusion: The EPDS can be used for screening depression in Mexican teenager pregnant women whenever a cut-off score of 8/9 is used.

Abstract C87: Risk of second primary cancer (SPC) after breast cancer: A pooled analysis of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women from New Mexico

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed among women. With the advances in early detection and breast cancer treatment, the population of long-term survivors is growing. Breast cancer survivors have increased risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC) relative to a first primary cancer. Several population-based studies have examined the associations of specific risk factors, such as radiation treatment, with risk of SPC; however, few have investigated ethnic/racial differences in risk, or have examined the associations with modifiable risk factors such as smoking or obesity. We evaluated the risk of SPC among Hispanic (H) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women from a pooled sample of 1,699 (1011 NHW, 688 H) incident breast cancer cases from the New Mexico Women's Health Study (1992-1994) and the 4-Corner's Breast Cancer Study (1999-2004). Data on lifestyle/behavioral risk factors, cancer diagnoses/characteristics, and primary breast cancer treatment were available. Adjusted Cox regression models were calculated to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of SPC with ethnicity, age at first primary breast cancer diagnosis, cigarette smoking history, and obesity (body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m2). Multivariable models were adjusted for age, study site/center, ethnicity, and breast cancer treatment. There were a total of 223 cases with SPC. There was no difference between NHW and H women for occurrence of SPC (13.5% vs. 12.7%; chi. sq. p=0.63) or the average number of years from first primary to SPC (H= 9.8 years vs. NHW= 9.5 years, p=0.102). The most common SPC observed was secondary primary breast cancer (n=117), followed by lung (n=15) and colon cancer (n=15). Obesity was not significantly associated with risk of SPC. However, women 50 years or older were at an increased risk for SPC compared to women under age 50 (HR, 1.67, 95% CI 1.23-2.28, p=0.001). With the evaluation of smoking history, former smokers had longer durations of smoking compared to current smokers; however, current smokers, compared to former, smoked on average more cigarettes/day. Compared to never smokers, women who smoked more than 20 pack-years (HR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.16-2.24, p=0.02), an average of 20 or more cigarettes/day (HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.10-2.10, p=0.09), or for more than 30 years (HR, 1.69; 95% CI 1.19-2.40, p=0.03) had increased risk for SPC. Women who were ever smokers vs. never smokers also had an increased risk for SPC (HR, 1.35; 95% CI 1.04-1.76, p=0.03). The association among current smokers was not statistically significant (HR, 1.27; 95% CI 0.94-1.71), but there was a significant positive association found for former smokers (HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.06-2.18, p=0.05). Our results suggest that women diagnosed with primary breast cancer are more likely to develop SPC if they are over the age of 50 years at diagnosis or have a history of cigarette smoking. These results were statistically significant after adjustment for breast cancer treatment. These findings further suggest that smoking cessation programs or interventions should be clinically advised for breast cancer survivors, as this population of women is at an increased risk for developing SPC. Citation Format: Avonne E. Connor, Richard N. Baumgartner, Stephanie D. Boone, Christina M. Pinkston, Kathy B. Baumgartner. Risk of second primary cancer (SPC) after breast cancer: A pooled analysis of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women from New Mexico. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C87. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C87

Do Pregnant Teens Have Higher Risk of Intimate Partner Violence than Pregnant Adult Women in Mexico?

Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and identify factors linked to it in pregnant Mexican adult and adolescent women. Methods: Data were gathered by the National Survey of Violence against Women (2006), applied to women between the ages 15-49, users of Mexican public health institutions. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the significant factors associated with IPV against pregnant women. Results: Both adolescent and adult study participating women showed a 24% prevalence of current IPV (during the previous 12 months). The study’s multivariate model for adult women revealed the following as main predictors for IPV: a woman’s agreement with traditional gender roles (OR = 4.35, CI95% = 2.20 - 8.60), and women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (OR = 2.76, CI95% = 1.68 - 4.55). The main predictor of IPV in pregnant adolescents was their partners’ frequency of alcohol consumption: often/usually (OR = 6.49, CI95% = 2.18 - 19.33). Conclusion: To this date, Mexico has not been able to guarantee universal screening methods for IPV as a part of prenatal care protocols. The phenomenon of IPV towards pregnant women neither has been followed-up by further research nor has been identified as a public health problem in spite of the seriousness of its implications for women and their offspring.

The Oportunidades Conditional Cash Transfer Program: Effects on Pregnancy and Contraceptive Use Among Young Rural Women in Mexico

Oportunidades is a large conditional cash transfer program in Mexico. It is important to examine whether the program has any direct effect on pregnancy experience and contraceptive use among young rural women, apart from those through education. Data from the 1992, 2006 and 2009 waves of a nationally representative, population-based survey were used to describe trends in pregnancy experience, contraceptive use and education among rural adolescent (15-19) and young adult (20-24) women in Mexico. To examine differences in pregnancy experience and current modern contraceptive use among young women, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted between matched 2006 samples of women with and without exposure to Oportunidades, predicted probabilities were calculated and indirect effects were estimated. Over the three survey waves, the proportion of adolescent and young adult women reporting ever being pregnant stayed flat (33-36%) and contraceptive use increased steadily (from 13% in 1992 to 19% in 2009). Educational attainment rose dramatically: The proportion of women with a secondary education increased from 28% in 1992 to 46% in 2009. In multivariable analyses, exposure to Oportunidades was not associated with pregnancy experience among adolescents. Educational attainment, marital status, pregnancy experience and access to health insurance--but not exposure to Oportunidades--were positively associated with current modern contraceptive use among adolescent and young adult women. Through its effect on education, Oportunidades indirectly influences fertility among adolescents. It is important for Mexico to focus on strategies to increase contraceptive use among young rural nulliparous women, regardless of whether they are enrolled in Oportunidades.

Symptoms of Arm Lymphedema and its Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Disease-Free Female Breast Cancer Survivors

s / Annals of Epidemiology 23 (2013) 581e598 585 P15-S. Symptoms of Arm Lymphedema and its Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Disease-Free Female Breast Cancer Survivors K. Togawa, J. Sullivan-Halley, H. Ma, L. Bernstein. University of Southern California, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Purpose: Arm lymphedema (LE) remains one of the most common and debilitating conditions after breast cancer treatment. Although LE has been shown to lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL), the symptomspecific effects on HRQOL are unclear. This study evaluated the association of LE symptoms with the HRQOL of breast cancer survivors. Methods: Data were collected from 600 disease-free female breast cancer survivors, ages 35-64 years at diagnosis, who participated in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study. Non-Hispanic white, Hispanic white and black women who participated in this prospective cohort study reported presence or absence of nine LE symptoms and completed the Short-Form 36Item Health Survey (SF-36), on average, three years after diagnosis. Based on SF-36, we generated two HRQOL measures, physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores. Linear regression models were fit to evaluate the association of LE symptoms with HRQOL. Results: Among 136 women who experienced LE, the most common symptoms were tightness (69%), heaviness (62%), and numbness (59%). None of these symptoms were associated with PCS or MCS after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and clinical characteristics (p>0.05 for all) whereas feeling tension in the arm decreased PCS (b1⁄4-6.7, p1⁄40.001) and having burning pain in the arm decreased MCS (b1⁄4-6.1, p1⁄40.02). Conclusion: Management of symptoms of tension and burning pain in the LE-affected arm may improve HRQOL after breast cancer treatment. P16. Impact of Pain Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors Dongyan Yang, Richard N. Baumgartner, Kathy B. Baumgartner. Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, University of Louisville Purpose: Few studies have investigated chronic body pain among longterm breast cancer survivors. The primary objective of this analysis was to examine three measurements of pain and related factors for long-term, Hispanic (H) and non-Hispanic white (NHW), breast cancer survivors. Methods: A total of 187 breast cancer cases (New Mexico Women's Health Study) were interviewed 12-15 years postdiagnosis. Data on 3 pain scales were collected: McDonald post-mastectomy; McGill over past year; SF-36 pain subscale over past 4 weeks. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to investigate the association of SF-36 pain score with body mass index (BMI), fatigue and comorbidity, adjusting for ethnicity, age, education, physical activity, smoking, depression, stage and treatment. Results: TheMcGill andSF-36werehighlycorrelated (p<0.01). Fortytwo cases reported post-mastectomy pain (17% in situ; 49% localized; 34% regional). A significantly higher number of NHW(92%)women reported post-mastectomy pain 5 years compared to H (56%) women, whereas H women reported amean thatwas 6 units higher on theMcGill Pain Scale than reported byNHW women (p1⁄40.007). Among NHW women, fatigue was inversely associated with pain reported on the SF-36 (p1⁄40.005) and comorbidity measured by the Charlson Index was associated with more severe pain (p1⁄40.03), whereas BMI was associated with increased pain in H women (p1⁄40.03). Conclusion: A large percentage of women continue to report the presence of persistent pain more than a decade after diagnosis, and fatigue, comorbidity and BMI are influential factors.

Weight Status of Mexican Immigrant Women: A Comparison With Women in Mexico and With US-Born Mexican American Women

We assessed the association between birthplace, residence, or years in the United States and actual weight (body mass index), perceived weight accuracy, or provider screens for overweight or obesity among Mexican immigrant women. We used linked data from Health and Nutrition Examination Survey waves 2001-2006 and 2006 National Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey to compare 513 immigrants with 9527 women in Mexico and 342 US-born Mexican American women. Immigrants were more likely than women in Mexico to be obese and to perceive themselves as overweight or obese after adjustment for confounders. Recent immigrants had similar weight-related outcomes as women in Mexico. Immigrants were less likely to be obese than were US-born Mexican Americans. Within the overweight or obese population, reported provider screens were higher among immigrants than among women in Mexico, but lower than among US-born Mexican Americans. US residency of at least 5 years but less than 20 years and reporting insufficient provider screens elevated obesity risk. Mexican-origin women in the United States and Mexico are at risk for overweight and obesity. We found no evidence of a "healthy immigrant" effect.

PMS41 - Cost-Effectiveness Of Denosumab In The Treatment Of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (Pmo) Women In Mexico At High Risk Of Fractures And Intolerant To Oral Bisphosphonates

PMS41 - Cost-Effectiveness Of Denosumab In The Treatment Of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (Pmo) Women In Mexico At High Risk Of Fractures And Intolerant To Oral Bisphosphonates