Women In Mexico Research Articles

Diseño metodológico de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Violencia contra las Mujeres en México

To describe the methodology, the research designs used, the estimation and sample selection, variable definitions, collection instruments, and operative design and analytical procedures for the National Survey Violence Against Women in Mexico. A complex (two-step) cross-sectional study was designed and the qualitative design was carried out using in-depth interviews and participant observation in health care units. We obtained for the quantitative study a total of 26 240 interviews in women users of health services and 2 636 questionnaires for health workers; the survey is representative of the 32 Mexican states. For the qualitative study 26 in-depth interviews were conducted with female users and 60 interviews with health workers in the States of Quintana Roo, Coahuila and the Federal District.

High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Detection and Related Risk Factors Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in Mexico

Significant differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence between pregnant and nonpregnant women have been reported. Some studies suggest that physiological processes during pregnancy modify the host-immune response, increasing detectability of high-risk HPV infection as a result of viral reactivation. It remains uncertain, however, whether pregnancy has an effect on HPV DNA positivity as a result of a general lack of data and based on contradictory results found in previous epidemiologic studies. We conducted an epidemiologic study to identify differences in the prevalence of HPV infection between pregnant and nonpregnant women in Mexico. We also investigated the relationship of HPV DNA positivity with socioeconomic, gynecologic, and obstetric risk factors. We screened pregnant and age-matched nonpregnant women for high-risk HPV infection. The study population was clients of the family medicine healthcare services of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. A total of 274 pregnant and 1060 nonpregnant study participants were screened for the presence of high-risk HPV DNA in self-collected specimens by the Hybrid Capture 2 test (HC2; Digene Corp., Gaithersburg, MD). High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 37.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31-43%) of pregnant women and in 14.2% (95% CI, 12-16%) of nonpregnant women. Combining both groups for the multivariate analysis, pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for HPV infection (odds ratio, 3.5; CI, 2.7-4.9). Our results are consistent with other studies reporting increased high-risk HPV detection rates among pregnant women. HPV-positive status in pregnant and nonpregnant women appears to be influenced by age. The decrease in HPV positivity by number of pregnancies in both currently pregnant and nonpregnant women is consistent with a possible effect of immune protection as a result of earlier HPV infections. Despite lack of information about a woman's history of sexual behavior, these data support the hypothesis that an alteration of immunologic responses during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of HPV acquisition or reactivation.

Violence against women in Mexico: a study of abuse before and during pregnancy.

We identified the prevalence and types of violence experienced by pregnant women, the ways victimization changed during pregnancy from the year prior to pregnancy, and factors associated with violence during pregnancy. We interviewed 914 pregnant women treated in health clinics in Mexico about violence during and prior to pregnancy, violence during childhood and against their own children, and other socioeconomic indicators. Approximately one quarter of the women experienced violence during pregnancy. The severity of emotional violence increased during pregnancy, whereas physical and sexual violence decreased. The strongest predictors of abuse were violence prior to pregnancy, low socioeconomic status, parental violence witnessed by women in childhood, and violence in the abusive partner's childhood. The probability of violence during pregnancy for women experiencing all of these factors was 61%. Violence is common among pregnant women, but pregnancy does not appear to be an initiating factor. Intergenerational violence is highly predictive of violence during pregnancy.

Obstetrics and the Emergence of Women in Mexico's Medical Establishment

La medicina científica was a popular journal read by Mexican doctors at the end of the nineteenth century. Each edition contained articles on the latest research and developments in the profession and also medical news from around the world of potential interest to subscribers. An excerpt from a February 1889 entry noted that Carolina Schultze had recently passed her medical oral exams in France. One of the evaluators acknowledged her obvious skill and “the great service she will perform to society.” But the article's focus, and the probable reason for its inclusion in this Mexican journal, quickly turned to whether or not other women could match her talent. The author presumed that she was, in fact, unique. “The female doctor,” he said, “neither has been nor is nor ever will be more than an exception, as there are exceptional women in all fields of knowledge, art, science, and literature.” Even more suggestive about late nineteenth-century bias were the reasons why he thought that female doctors, if they must exist, should only specialize in the illnesses of women and children: “when women enter into the practice of a profession appropriate only to the strong sex, they are never satisfied with a secondary role and always want to shine in the front row.”

Severity of Intimate Partner Abuse Indicators as Perceived by Women in Mexico and the United States

SUMMARY Objective: Women in Cuernavaca, Mexico and Los Angeles, California were surveyed to examine differences in their perceptions of the severity of domestic violence indicators. Methods: One hundred twenty women in each country rated the severity of 26 domestic violence indicators which were part of an abuse screen used for an ongoing study of the prevalence of abuse. Rasch analysis was conducted to determine the linear relationship in the perceptions of the severity of each event between the two countries. Results: The Rasch calibrated logit values show that women in the US rated 24 of the 26 events as more severe than women in Mexico. However, items were ranked in similar order and a clear linear pattern was established. In both countries, being shot with a gun was the most severe event and a partner becoming jealous was the least severe. Conclusion: The country of origin did not dictate which events were most severe but did influence how severe these events were perceived.

Women in Mexico: A Past Unveiled

Women in Mexico: A Past Unveiled

Anusim Women in Mexico

The immigration of anusim or crypto-Jews to New Spain took place from 1492 to 1700. The first to arrive came from Spain with the conquerors and colonizers; Portuguese anusim started to arrive in 1580. Hostility and secrecy played an important role in the adaptation of anusim to life in America because they had to keep their religion in secret. Mexico offered a familiar culture and the possibility of contact with the mother country. Family structure was centered upon the mother. The role women played in the preservation of Judaism was very important, since they were responsible for the way in which the religion was passed on through several centuries even when they were isolated from centers of worship.

The Adverse Effects of Structural Adjustment on Working Women in Mexico

The focus of this article is on the specific gender effects of structural adjustment on Mexican labor markets. The effects of adjustment policies on women workers depend to a great extent on the extent of their participation in labor markets and the particular sectors in which they work. If they are concentrated for example in export sectors it is possible that they could derive net benefits from structural adjustment. Our evidence suggests however that the condition of women workers has in fact worsened under structural adjustment. There has indeed been greater participation by women in wage employment but this has been a significantly lower wages than those of men especially in manufacturing. The increased employment of women has mainly been due to the growth of maquiladora manufacturing and the service sector. However these are low-wage sectors or sectors in which wages have been held down by government policy in order to increase international competitiveness. (excerpt)

Changing women: the narrative construction of personal change through community health work among women in Mexico.

A major premise of health education is that people can and do change their lives. Personal changes and the events that precipitate them are often told in a form of narrative and are accompanied by a new sense of oneself. This research draws on the study of narratives and women's community activism to explore processes of personal change in women's activism as community health workers in Mexico. The research is a case study based on in-depth semistructured interviews. Two major categories of narratives of change emerged: change of the self and little or no change. Within these categories, changes are defined as development of the self, becoming a new and different person, actualization of the self, and little or no change. Although women experience significant changes, their changes are based on normative female identities. Implications for the study of narratives and personal change in health education are discussed.

Remittances, Investment, and Rural Asset Accumulation in Pakistan

Internal and external migration can have a profound impact on rural asset accumulation in most Third World countries. In many African, Asian, and Latin American countries the bulk of the labor force still lives in the countryside. In these countries the large difference between expected rural and urban or foreign incomes, coupled with the risk-reducing functions of migration, causes workers to migrate, either to urban centers or abroad. The remittances—defined as the money or goods sent home by migrant workers—can have a large effect on the accumulation of assets in these rural areas. For example, an inflow of external remittances to rural households at the upper end of the income distribution could increase land accumulation by the rich. In general terms the effect of remittances on asset accumulation in a rural Third World economy depends on answers to three questions: (a) Who migrates? (b) How much net income do migrants remit? and (c) What are the marginal effects of these remittances on household consumption and investment? Because of data limitations, in this article I propose to examine only the first and the third questions; other researchers have addressed the second issue. In the past surprisingly little attention has been focused on the question of the marginal effects of remittances on household consumption and investment in the rural Third World. This inattention has been due to three considerable methodological problems. The first is fungibility; because remittances are like any other form of cash income, it is difficult to associate this income source with any particular changes in household expenditure behavior. The second problem relates to the multiple-round effects of remittances on the local economy. For example, an inflow of remittances into a rural area may lead to a surge in expenditures in housing, which may, in turn, create new income and employment opportunities for the poor and unskilled. Unfortunately, however, few studies have

Reproductive risk factors for breast cancer in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women: the New Mexico Women's Health Study.

The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of breast cancer in Hispanic women in New Mexico. Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with incident breast cancer, aged 30-74 years and diagnosed between 1992 and 1994, were identified by the New Mexico Tumor Registry. Controls were selected using random digit dialing and frequency matched by ethnicity, age, and region. Information on reproductive history, lactation, and other risk factors was collected through in-person interviews; 719 Hispanics and 836 non-Hispanic whites were included in the analysis. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risk of breast cancer for reproductive factors and to assess ethnic differences in effects. Older age at first full-term birth was associated with breast cancer among Hispanics; the odds ratio for women aged 27 years and older at first full-term birth compared with women 18 years or younger was 2.26 (95% confidence interval 1.17-4.38) compared with 1.60 (95% confidence interval 0.86-3.01) for non-Hispanic whites. Higher parity was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer for non-Hispanic whites, but not Hispanics (p < 0.008). Longer lactation was associated with reduced risk in premenopausal Hispanic women and premenopausal and postmenopausal non-Hispanic white women. Reproductive factors explained 17% of the ethnic difference in breast cancer incidence for postmenopausal women and none of the difference for premenopausal women.

Women Networking for Peace and Survival in Chiapas: Militants, Celebrities, Academics, Survivors, and the Stiletto Heel Brigade

Women in Mexico have been networking discreetlyfor centuries. They focus on survival and change. Thewomen working for the indigenous peoples of Chiapasinclude militants leading troops, celebrities raising funds and consciousness, victim-survivors of awar-torn area, volunteers shuttling news back and forthon the internet, and an invisible stiletto heel brigade.Together they struggle against what is now called a “low-intensity” war,networking for peace.

Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico

PART ONE: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY Introduction and Theoretical Framework Research Approach and Methodology PART TWO: CASE STUDIES ON WOMEN'S LABOUR: INDIA AND MEXICO Industrial Policy, Firm Structures and Women's Employment in India and Mexico Women's Labour in the Indian Textile Industry Women's Labour in the Indian Shrimp Industry Women's Labour in the Mexican Shoe Industry PART THREE: TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN INDUSTRIALIZATION Forms of Production, Women's Employment and the Household

Women in Mexico's Popular Movements

The Mexican economy, along with those of other dependent capitalist countries of Latin America, has often been described as characterized by functional dualism (Cockcroft, 1983; de Janvry, 1981; Faber, 1992 [this issue]). In many parts of Mexico, a dominant capitalist export sector acquires a cheap labor supply by perpetuating and maintaining impoverished subsistence and informal sectors. Broadening the concept of dependent development allows us to see impoverishment in environmental as well as economic terms. For example, as Faber (1992) and Millikan (1992) point out in this issue, it highlights the impact that poor semiproletarianized peasants can have on their environment in their struggles to survive without land (Faber, 1988). It also reveals the social movements focused on the ecological and communal conditions for the reproduction of labor-power as class-based opposition to the ecological conditions of capitalist production (O'Connor, 1988). Although the demands of such movements are often phrased in terms of consumption needs and access to resources and services instead of specific conditions of work (as within a factory), they are nevertheless an aspect of class conflict. The basis of this conflict is not a capital/labor split in the industrial division of labor, but an unequal distribution of the ecological and economic hardships at the level of both the household and the gendered division of labor resulting from dependent capitalist development. The economic crisis of dependent capitalist development in Mexico has exacerbated the hardships faced by women in both the urban informal sector and the rural subsistence and wage-labor sectors.' Impoverishment in the

Review: New Mexico Women: Intercultural Perspectives, by Joan M. Jensen and Darlis A. Miller

Review: <i>New Mexico Women: Intercultural Perspectives</i>, by Joan M. Jensen and Darlis A. Miller

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS AND THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN MEXICO

After a description of the women's situation in Mexico and after overviewing the literature on this issue, the sample characteristics and the application of the six questionnaires are described. The Anova with sex and educational orientation as independent variables produces a number of significant effects. Sex emerges as an important variable on the Importance of Marriage (M &gt; F), the Desired Number of Children (M &gt; F), Masculinity, Femininity, Potency of Self‐Concept and on four professional values. Educational orientation has a significant effect on Competition, Internal Control and three professional values. The interaction sex by educational orientation is significant for the Desired Number of Children, Boldness and three professional values. The findings are compared with the ones obtained in former studies. The authors conclude that sex role stereotypes are disappearing with this sample of educated subjects and that a certain equality between sexes is growing up.

Peasant Production, Proletarianization, and the Sexual Division of Labor in the Andes

Previous articleNext article No AccessWomen, Production, and ReproductionPeasant Production, Proletarianization, and the Sexual Division of Labor in the AndesCarmen Diana Deere and Magdalena León de LealCarmen Diana Deere Search for more articles by this author and Magdalena León de Leal Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Signs Volume 7, Number 2Winter, 1981Development and the Sexual Division of Labor Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/493885 Views: 29Total views on this site Citations: 30Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1981 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Daniel Tobin, Paige Castellanos Gendered differences in decision-making and participation in value chains: lessons from the highlands of Peru, Development in Practice 32, no.44 (Sep 2021): 492–502.https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2021.1937555William F. 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Working Women in Mexico during the Porfiriato, 1880-1910

Working Women in Mexico during the Porfiriato, 1880-1910

Minilaparotomy, Laparoscopic Sterilization Accepted Enthusiastically by Women in Mexico, Colombia

Minilaparotomy, Laparoscopic Sterilization Accepted Enthusiastically by Women in Mexico, Colombia

Periodicals for Women in Mexico During the Nineteenth Century

Colonial Spanish America would have found the idea of publishing a periodical directed toward a feminine audience alien. Yet the colonial period was not long over when such periodicals began to appear in Mexico. Typical of those published in the period 1841–1855 were El Semanario de las señoritas mejicanas (3 vols.; México, 1841–1842) and La Semana de las señoritas mejicanas (5 vols.; México, 1851–1852). They have been examined in detail to determine what appeal the fledglings tried to make to Mexican society. El Album mexicano (2 vols.; México, 1849), La Camelia (México, 1853), El Album de las señoritas potosinas (San Luis Potosí, 1865) and, as examples of a later type, El Album de la mujer (Mexico, 1883–1890) and El Correo de las señoras (México, 1883–1893) have been used to supplement the information. While none of them achieved the success of Godey’s Lady’s Book which by 1860 claimed a circulation of 150,000, they did show that in the nineteenth century some publishers in Mexico were concerned with woman’s edification, education, and entertainment through reading.