Metropolitan Region Of Curitiba Research Articles

Hereditary breast cancer next-generation sequencing panel evaluation in the south region of Brazil: A novel BRCA2 candidate pathogenic variant is reported.

In this article, we delineate a loosely selected cohort comprising patients with a history of early-onset breast cancer and/or a familial occurrence of cancer. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the presence of breast cancer-related gene variants in a population from a micro-region in southern Brazil, specifically the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. This area exhibits a highly genetically mixed population, mirroring the general characteristics of the Brazilian people. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) multigene panel testing was conducted on 12 patients from the region, utilizing three different library preparation methods. Two pathogenic variants and one candidate pathogenic variant were identified: BRCA2 c.8878C>T, p.Gln2960Ter; CHEK2 c.1100del, p.Thr367Metfs15, and BRCA2 c.3482dup, p.Asp1161Glufs3. BRCA2 c.3482dup, a novel candidate pathogenic variant, previously unpublished, is reported. The prevalence of pathogenic variants in this small cohort is similar to that described in the literature. All different library preparation methods were equally proficient in enabling the detection of these variants.

Inequality and spatial mismatch in the urban labor market: Evidence for the Curitiba metropolitan region, Brazil

Accessibility plays a fundamental role in improving urban economic equity, especially for disadvantaged communities. In many metropolitan areas of Brazil, accessibility relies on infrastructure unequally distributed, creating barriers to access opportunities in the urban labor market. This paper aims to identify sources of spatial mismatch and measure its effects on the labor market of the Curitiba Metropolitan Region (CMR), in Brazil. First, we measured the spatial imbalances of households and jobs by income classes and their effects on the spatial dissimilarity of accessibility to job opportunities. Second, we use econometric tools to evaluate how accessibility to the formal job sector affects individual earnings in the CMR labor market by wage quartile. We find evidence of strong spatial segregation for the poorest individuals from public transit network and from the formal job sector. The econometric results show there was roughly no accessibility premium for individual earnings for the poorest workers and positive effects for the richest workers in the CMR labor market. This set of empirical evidence suggest a spatial concentration of urban amenities that enhance economic inequality for the CMR.

Description of smallholder pig farming in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

Várias pequenas granjas de suínos existem no Brasil paralelamente à suinocultura industrial, que é realizada em fazendas de grande escala. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o sistema de produção familiar de suínos na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Para isso foi aplicado um questionário in loco entrevistando agricultores, totalizando 362 propriedades avaliadas. A mão de obra era exclusivamente familiar em 93,4% das propriedades, 50% das propriedades tinham entre 1,1 e 10 hectares, 98,3% criavam outras espécies animais, principalmente aves, e 80,9% das propriedades cultivavam culturas, principalmente milho. As operações do ciclo completo foram desenvolvidas em 57,2% das granjas, os suínos foram mantidos em sistema confinado em 62,5% e os suínos foram mantidos ao ar livre em 20,7%. Das explorações de produção completa, 40,1% tinham entre 11 e 20 porcos, enquanto nas explorações de engorda, 88,4% tinham até 5 porcos. A maioria das propriedades visitadas (79,6%) possuía suínos de raças indefinidas. Em termos de práticas alimentares, o milho e os vegetais disponíveis localmente foram os mais utilizados; além disso, 38,1% dos agricultores utilizavam concentrado comercial, geralmente com outros alimentos. A reprodução ocorreu exclusivamente por monta natural e a idade de desmame mais citada (46,9%) foi de dois meses. Todos os entrevistados criavam suínos principalmente para consumo próprio, sendo que 78,7% também comercializavam os animais. Na região estudada, os agricultores obtiveram a renda familiar combinando a agricultura com outras atividades e afirmaram que a produção de suínos pouco contribuiu para essa renda, sendo desenvolvida principalmente devido à tradição familiar.

Entendendo o risco de descoloração como consequência de transientes hidráulicos

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the challenges associated with discoloration risk management and the impact of hydraulic transients on water quality within distribution systems. Focusing on the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, the study employs a comprehensive methodology that combines the Characteristic Method for simulating hydraulic transients and real-time monitoring of water quality parameters, such as turbidity and chlorine levels. A framework for managing discoloration risk is proposed, highlighting strategies for identifying potential causes, assessing risk severity, developing prevention and mitigation strategies, and implementing continuous improvement processes. The experimental section details the impact of hydraulic transient events on water quality, with significant findings indicating a direct correlation between flow dynamics and water quality degradation, particularly in terms of increased turbidity and decreased chlorine levels during pump deactivation. The study contributes valuable insights into effective water distribution system management, emphasizing the importance of advanced monitoring and risk management techniques to maintain high-quality water standards.

The theory of complexity and construction management: An analysis of perception and impact on the construction industry in Brazil and Bolivia

The theory of complexity derived from systems theory emphasizes complex systems and their dynamic interactions with their environment. In this sense, in project management, this theory offers invaluable perspectives, where systems involve diverse components working towards a common objective. The construction sector is facing challenges in managing project complexity, and effective strategies are required to ensure success. While projects are often perceived as predictable, the reality of construction complexity demands a shift in perspective. Currently, the linear view of construction processes is being challenged, advocating for recognizing projects as nonlinear and dynamic phenomena. This study aims to explore the application of complexity theory in construction project management, focusing on differences in complexity perception between Cochabamba and the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Discriminant Analysis does not reveal a significant disparity in complexity perception between the two regions, with variables such as uncertainty about the subsoil having the most influence on complexity perception.

Distributive policies in cities: legislative behavior of city councilors in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba

RESUMO Introdução: Analisamos o efeito das variáveis territoriais e da capacidade fiscal municipal nas proposições legislativas e na destinação das políticas distributivas pelas Câmaras dos Vereadores de quatro municípios selecionados da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Perguntamo-nos se há associação entre proposições legislativas de caráter distributivo de iniciativa de vereadores e características socioeconômicas, demográficas e fiscais dos municípios estudados. Materiais e métodos: Foram analisadas proposições legislativas de diferentes tipos tais como indicações, requerimentos e projetos de lei de iniciativa de vereadores. Classificamos essas proposições entre distributivas e não distributivas. Foram analisados também dados geográfico-territoriais, demográficos, socioeconômicos e fiscais de Mandirituba, São José dos Pinhais, Fazenda Rio Grande e Campo Largo. Empregamos estudo de casos comparados, estatística descritiva e análise de correlação para estimar a relação entre as variáveis dos municípios e as variáveis legislativas no período entre 2012-2019. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a capacidade fiscal e as características territoriais municipais são fatores que podem orientar o comportamento político e a produção legislativa municipal, sendo que vereadores do município de Mandirituba, menos urbanizado, com piores indicadores socioeconômicos e menor capacidade fiscal produziram mais políticas distributivas comparativamente aos municípios de São José dos Pinhais, Fazenda Rio Grande e Campo Largo, mais urbanizados, com melhores indicadores e mais capazes fiscalmente. Discussão: Os achados apontam para uma explicação complementar às encontradas na literatura para as variações da proposição de políticas distributivas. Para além da conexão eleitoral, a destinação dessas políticas pode estar relacionada ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico e fiscal, às características demográficas e às necessidades desiguais e demandas específicas dos municípios. O estudo corrobora a literatura sobre a importância da incorporação do território nas análises da política e dos resultados das políticas públicas.

Ecological-ICMS as a public policy instrument for biodiversity preservation: a study conducted in small municipalitiesin ParanáState, Brazil

The Ecological Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services for Biodiversity (ICMS-E) was created in 1991 as an initiative of the government of Paraná State. It is an important public policy instrument for the preservation of biodiversity in small municipalities that house Conservation Units. The aim of this article was to analyze whether resources from the ICMS-E, added to municipal tax revenues, improve sustainable development over time. As part of the methodological procedures, a descriptive-comparative analysis was conducted between municipalities that receive and do not receive ICMS-E. For this purpose, a sampling of the 399 municipalities that comprise Paraná State was conducted, involving 193 municipalities with a population of up to 50,000 inhabitants. The comparative analysis was based on the definition of two study groups, each constituted by 76 municipalities: one called the ICMS-E Recipient Group, municipalities that receive the ecological tax; and the Control Group, composed of those that do not receive it. The main results indicate that 19.80% of the municipalities are concentrated in the North Central mesoregion, while the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba is home to 33.45% of the population of Paraná. In relation to population loss, this factor represents 44.73% in the ICMS-E Recipient Group, while in the Control Group this number is 34.21%. In relation to the Environmental Management Function, 60.53% of the municipalities in the Recipient Group applied up to 75% of this tax to this function. It was concluded that the ICMS-E is an important incentive for the preservation of biodiversity and represents a significant increase in resources for the local governments of smallmunicipalities.

Imigração de haitianos: enfoque na comunicação em saúde

Research on the adaptation of Haitian immigrants to the Brazilian reality and to the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) and on the way interpersonal relationship is processed in the health environment. The objective was to understand how Haitian immigrants, users of the health system, present themselves and are perceived in the relationships established with health professionals in a Primary Health Unit in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. It was an ethnography with participant observation, using a field diary. Results indicate difficulties for Haitian immigrants to access the health system, due to the peculiarities of their culture, and for the health professionals, as language and culture become the main barrier to care, being permeated by prejudice resulting from lack of training of some professionals. However, such difficulties can be overcome through effective strategies and better preparation to embrace this population.

Analysis of the Feasibility of Immersive Virtualization in Technical Training

Goal: propose a method of training in regulatory standards using immersive virtualization, aiming at improving student knowledge retention compared to traditional online models.
 
 Theoretical Reference: use of literature through research on similar methods already applied in immersive training, dissertations, articles and national standards.
 
 Method: practical application of training in an immersive environment in two large industries located in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR, where the evaluated ones completed an evaluation questionnaire according to their degree of satisfaction, which is the main parameter used in this work to prove the efficiency of the method.
 
 Results and conclusion: the practical application of immersive training, compilation of data and analysis of results confirm the viability proposed in the method. As the country develops technologically, the method will have its applicability increasingly accessible and proven.
 
 Research implications: a method of technological training developed as an alternative to the current molds, will certainly bring great contributions to the academy, and, at the same time, with the reduction of machine downtime, displacements, logistical costs and agglomerations, this work will bring contributions to the industry.
 
 Originality/Value: with the advent of the covid-19 pandemic experienced in recent times, traditional methods of professional training needed to be quickly adapted, aiming to minimize the impact caused by the restriction of physical contact between people. The proposed method provides the possibility of maintaining professional training processes, offering society the possibility of being trained effectively.

CORPORATE VENTURE CAPITAL FOR ESTABLISHING LINKS BETWEEN LARGE AND TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES AND STARTUP FIRMS: A REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM SURVEY

This research aims to evaluate the actual level of understanding and application of Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) in the Regional Innovation System (RIS) present in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (MRC). The survey focuses the large and traditional industrial companies (LTIC) which have tremendous importance to State of Paraná, due to taxes and formal jobs generation. While the LTIC needs to innovate, creating or recovering competitive advantage, the startup firm seeks for partnerships or private equity. In this context, there is an opportunity of establishing linkages between different actors through the CVC. The article presents the results of a survey consisting of an online questionnaire and a focal group, where the data was analyzed through a qualitative approach. The research demonstrated a minor part of the survey respondents practicing CVC, although an expressive number of companies intends to invest in startups. It was also possible to observe that the risk aversion, anxiety for financial payback and different vocabulary between startup and LTIC are still barriers to an effective adhesion to CVC in this regional context. This work contributes to scientific literature when highlight the importance of understanding and properly narrowing large companies of startups. However, the asymmetries between parts and the maturity for dealing and absorbing knowledge from startups is an issue that the RIS organizations could be involved. Submited: September 2022 Accepted: December 2022 DOI: 10.18226/23190639.v10n2.06

Fugulin scale for classifying pediatric patients in a respiratory inpatient unit: experience report.

To describe the use of the Fugulin scale to classify pediatric patients hospitalized in a respiratory unit as a subsidy for the allocation of human resources given the increase in cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Experience report conducted in a children's hospital in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba with data collection from medical records and approved by the Institution and by the Research Ethics Committee. Between February and May 2022, the percentage of patients categorized in minimal and intermediate care decreased by 53 and 11.4%, respectively, while those in high dependency and semi-intensive care expanded by 31.2 and 84.2%. In addition, in just four months, there was a considerable increase in the positivity of virologies compared to the twelve months of 2021. The susceptibility of children to the development of severe respiratory infection was proven through the decrease in virologies with undetectable results. The results obtained allowed us to conclude there was a significant increase in the complexity of patients admitted to the respiratory unit, showing it is essential to provide a nursing team compatible with the care needs.

Estimativa da massa gorda em adolescentes do sexo feminino do sul do Brasil: desenvolvimento e validação de modelos matemáticos

abstract This study aimed to develop and validate the first mathematical models, based on anthropometric properties, to estimate fat mass (FM) in a heterogeneous sample of female adolescents. A cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted with 196 individuals aged 12 to 17 years from the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: regression sample (n = 169) and validation sample (n = 27). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the reference method to determine body fat in relative and absolute values. Stature, body mass, waist girth and triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf skinfold thickness were defined as independent variables and measured according to an international technical protocol. Statistical analyzes used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model, paired t test and Pearson correlation. Four multivariate mathematical models with high determination coefficients (R2 ≥90%) and low estimated standard errors (SEE = ≤2.02 kg) were developed. Model 4 stands out for its low number of independent variables and significant statistical performance (R2 = 90%; SEE = 1.92 kg). It is concluded that the four mathematical models developed are valid for estimating FM in female adolescents in southern Brazil.

Análise custo-benefício para mudança de tecnologia: o caso de um consórcio de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos na região metropolitana de Curitiba, Brasil

ABSTRACT Huge increases in the volume of waste produced by society have created an urgent need for new and improved municipal solid waste (MSW) processes. In many countries, traditional methods to manage MSW, such as landfills, have been abandoned in favor of more effective and environmentally efficient technologies. These include gasification (decomposition at high temperatures), recycling, and composting (of organic matter). The purpose of this research was to assess certain financial, social, and environmental indicators, especially the IRR and cost-benefit ratio of changing the technologies used in MSW processing. The research focuses on assessing these changes in the CONRESOL area — a consortium that covers almost all the municipalities in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Brazil. To this end, scenarios were proposed that apply various technological combinations and two collection fees. Of the three proposed scenarios, the one with the best socioeconomic and environmental results (Internal Rate of Return, Net Present Value, Discounted Payback, and Benefit/Cost ratio) combines gasification, recycling, and composting. This scenario generated the least GHG emissions and the highest number of jobs.

Evaluating geostatistical methods along with semi-destructive analysis for forensic provenancing organic-rich soils in humid subtropical climate

When no samples are available for direct comparisons during a criminal investigation, forensic scientists must resort to georeferenced soil databases in order to find the source of a single questioned evidence. To this end, several authors addressed many methods to infer the origin of soil samples, such as establishing search range intervals or defining statistical similarities. However, little is currently known about the efficiency of these methods when it comes to organic-rich and deep weathered subtropical soils. Therefore, this study attempts to contribute to this subject by evaluating the predictability of a soil database built in a 100 km² area in the Curitiba Metropolitan Region, Brazil, where 232 topsoil (<5 cm), 14 validation, and 38 subsoil samples (B horizon) were collected. To determine their physical, chemical, and colorimetric features, samples were subjected to magnetic susceptibility analysis, gamma-ray spectrometry, color analysis, pXRF, and ATR-FTIR. Two prediction methods were selected: search range intervals (SR) and n-dimensional Euclidean distances (ED). After the descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses, geostatistical models were generated for the 28 obtained variables using the empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) with regression prediction method, where geological and airborne geophysical data were used as explanatory matrix. For the ED provenancing method, dissimilarity values were calculated and interpolated by applying the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach. Findings, while preliminary, suggest that magnetic susceptibility, lightness, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, and the light elements group (LE) may be the most significant variables to discriminate parent rock and to correlate with subsurface data. The SR method managed to correctly predict the origin of 4 of 14 validation samples, reducing up to 97.5% of the original area. The ED method, on the other hand, accurately estimated the provenance of 8 out of 14 samples, excluding up to 63.4% of the area. Despite the limitations and errors inherent to semi-destructive analyses, the moderate chemical weathering, and the high organic matter content, overall soil provenancing results were suitable, demonstrating that spatial variability of topsoils developed under humid subtropical environments can be modeled and used in forensic contexts, as long as the right methods are applied.

Height growth strategies of Mimosa scabrella along a chronosequence

Assessing variations in tree allometry is useful for understanding height growth strategies in relation to life-history trajectories, light competition and environmental restrictions. Scaling exponent and asymptotic heights obtained from height–diameter (HD) models may elucidate how trees optimise growth strategies and the potential drivers that influence tree height. Our main objective was to explore how the HD relationship in Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella) varies along stands chronosequence and life history. The study was carried out in discontinuous stands located across the metropolitan region of Curitiba, southern Brazil. We used HD data from 300 temporary plots in chronosequences dating from a disturbance, which represented stand development after intervention, covering the life history of the species. Power and exponential models were fitted to data to describe the HD relationship over time. Mixed-effects models were applied to explain the height variations by stand characteristics. We found that tree height and allometry were influenced by stand development phase and tree life stage along the chronosequence. Changes in tree height were also driven by light competition related to certain stand characteristics, such as basal area, stem density and species diversity. We concluded that growth strategies are conditioned by interactions between light requirements along a tree’s life history and successional stand evolution. The results revealed that gradual changes in tree development might be recognised by stationary data along chronosequences. Quantifying changes in HD allometry has ecological and practical applications for explaining the strategies and drivers underpinning tree growth and providing useful knowledge for improving growing stock predictions and stand management.

Reverse logistics in gas stations in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (Brazil)

The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) established by Law 12,305/2010, mentions Reverse Logistics (RL) as a development tool for the return of the production cycle, and also presents instruments for shared responsibility for the life cycle of products. The RL of lubricating oils in post-consumption and return is linked to concern for the environment and sustainability in the business sphere. The aim of this study was to describe the RL process of gas stations and their tax benefits, through bibliographic and documentary research, in addition to an unstructured interview with professionals involved in the process and through a case study. It was found that compliance with environmental obligations imposed by the Government, such as the destination of used or contaminated lubricating oil packaging (OLUC), can be considered inputs that may generate PIS and COFINS credits, and the revenues obtained from the sale of the destination of OLUC may be considered as environmental revenues, as well as the structure of real estate to be measured as environmental assets.

Critical analysis of multiparity in adolescent pregnancy / Análise crítica da multiparidade na gravidez adolescente

To demonstrate the obstetric profile of teenage pregnancy and maternity parity in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, in southern Brazil, from 2009 to 2014, in order to provide information for interventions in preventing non-planned pregnancy in this population.Data regarding maternal age, gestational age, newborn weight, obstetric complications and type of delivery were collected in 4668 patients aged between 15 and 19 years, and those aged 20 to 24, with previous teenage pregnancy. An Excel table was created to store the information, later analysed. Most patients were primigravid (71%), with 22% in the second pregnancy. Multiparity was present in 29% of pregnant women. The mean age at first pregnancy was 17.3 years (standard deviation of 1.30). The main route of delivery was vaginal, in 80%. Episiotomy was performed in 70% of these deliveries. Cesarean deliveries occurred mainly due to induction failure (19.8%), cephalopelvic disproportion (14.4%) and fetal distress (11.1%). Mean gestational age was 39.1 weeks (standard deviation 1.5). Low birth weight occurred in 7% of newborns, and 4% were preterm. Most of the patients analysed were primiparous aged 17.3 years. Multiparity in adolescence proved to be a frequent phenomenon in the region studied, with a prevalence of 30%, occurring at an average age of 18.6 years old. A quarter of 20-year-old patients’ population had more than two pregnancies. The presence of episiotomy was high, performed in 70% of vaginal deliveries, a value above the recommended by WHO.]

Survival of pathogens after dormancy in apple tree twigs indicates potential risk as source of inoculum

Several diseases are difficult to control specially in subtropical regions and perennial hosts where the pathogen survive easily within the plant. The aim of this study was to identify which pathogens are surviving after end of one season and at the beginning of the next season to inform which pathogens represent potential risk as primary inoculum to the next season. Survival of pathogens on apple tree twigs was evaluated during dormancy and on beginning of vegetative growth in four orchards located in the two main apple production regions: Palmas and metropolitan region of Curitiba, in Paraná State, Brazil. For this purpose, 10 cm long asymptomatic twigs were collected from 10 randomly selected plants, 24 twigs per plant. Half of the twigs were left directly (without disinfection) in humid chambers for 30 days at 25ºC. The other half of the twigs were disinfected and kept in a freezer for 12 hours at -16ºC by the Over Night Freezing Incubation Technique (Onfit) and then kept in a humid chamber for 30 days at 25ºC. The fungi Colletotrichum sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Alternaria sp., and Fusarium sp. were detected in the two sampled dates and methodologies in all evaluated regions. Neonectria ditissima was only detected in both orchards from Palmas. The genera found surviving on twigs were confirmed molecularly by BLASTn and were pathogenic in wounded fruits from the cultivar ‘Gala’. Our results indicate that pathogens are surviving in orchards after winter treatment and throughout the apple season, being potential sources of inoculum for infections in flowers and fruits, where the pathogens detected cause important diseases as bitter rot, Neonectria fruit rot, white and black rots, and possibly cause Alternaria and Fusarium rots which have not been extensively studied in Brazil.

Assessment of Phosphorus Input from Urban Areas in the Passaúna River and Reservoir

Elevated phosphorus loads play an important role in the deterioration of water quality and can subsequently pose a threat to the aquatic organisms in a river or a standing water body. The accurate assessment of total phosphorus (TP) fluxes from a catchment is of high importance to the well-being of the entire river ecosystem. In this study, we assessed the yearly input of TP from the urban areas of the Passaúna catchment in southern Brazil. The catchment drains into the eponymous reservoir, which provides drinking water for more than 800,000 inhabitants of the Curitiba Metropolitan region. The protection of the water quality in the river as well as in the reservoir is of paramount importance, yet high phosphorous inputs have been detected. For adequate protection, the catchment emissions need to be accurately assessed. Initially, the TP concentration in the river sediment was determined in order to assess the relationship between the TP export of the urban areas and the TP stock of the river. It was found that in areas with a higher share of urban land cover and especially in areas with a lack of sewage treatment, the TP concentration in the sediment reached up to 6700 mg/kg. The assessment of the overall TP input from urban areas was based on a regionalized emission-modeling approach, combined with data from long-term water quality monitoring of the river. The monitoring station established upstream of the Passaúna Reservoir inflow provided an initial assessment and the necessary output for the validation and calibration of the model. From the drainage basin of the monitoring station, an overall TP input of 2501 kg/a (0.31 kg/(ha a)) was measured between 1 May 2018 and 1 May 2019 (3508 kg TP/a or 0.23 kg/(ha a) when extrapolating the overall catchment of the Passaúna Reservoir). The monitoring data indicated that the TP input increases during the wet months of the year. The sediment stock of the river also plays an important role in the interannual budget of TP. During the timespan of one year, many deposition–resuspension events happen. The resuspended material is included in the baseflow and hinders the differentiation between urban and nonurban input. After calibration, the model was able to predict the yearly input of TP from the urban areas of the Passaúna catchment. In addition, the share of inhabitants who are not connected to the sewer system was assessed. Overall, the combination of monitoring and modeling in this study offers a valuable overview of the TP dynamics of the system, while the model ensures reproducibility with high accuracy at the same time.

Precarious urbanization: discontinuities and impacts of housing policies on established settlements in the metropolitan region of Curitiba

Resumo Este artigo discute as constantes interrupções de intervenções em programas de urbanização de favelas. A ação incompleta frustra os moradores, pois etapas de obra fundamentais deixam de ser executadas. Agrava as condições de salubridade das ocupações e limita a possibilidade de os pobres alcançarem os plenos direitos à cidade e à moradia. A pesquisa investigou programas de habitação em três municípios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e teve por objetivos reconhecer as consequências das descontinuidades dos programas na vida dos moradores de assentamentos precários consolidados, a relação de confiança ou desconfiança estabelecida com o Estado, e compreender suas escolhas e processos de resistência pela melhor localização urbana. O método utilizou estudos de caso, com entrevistas de moradores e lideranças comunitárias de quatro assentamentos precários. As ocupações foram selecionadas a partir dos conceitos sobre localização e periferização urbana, conforme entendimento sobre o “espaço intraurbano” de Villaça. As conclusões indicam que a ação estatal foi diferente, a depender da localização de cada área. Ademais, os moradores consideram o Estado responsável pelo equacionamento dos problemas relacionados à moradia, enquanto a luta é constante e os movimentos de moradia exercem um papel fundamental na organização popular para conquista dos direitos.