Geographic Research Methods Research Articles

Modern geographical research methods and their importance

Modern geographical research methods and their importance

What are the differences in urban citizens’ preferences for the colour of condominium building facades?

The colour of a building facade is an important attribute that significantly influences consumers’ purchasing intentions towards commodity buildings. This influence is often reflected in transaction prices, allowing researchers to extract consumers’ colour preferences and analyse their psychological states. However, there is a significant lack of relevant research in this area. Therefore, this research is the first attempt to explore urban consumers’ preferences for the colour of building facades using a housing price measurement system. It also conducts comparative analyses of the consumption psychology of different homebuying consumer groups. The innovative approach in this research can serve as a reference for exploring similar issues in other regions worldwide, and the empirical results of this research hold important professional value for fields such as social psychology and urban planning. Specifically, this research takes the city of Fuzhou, China, as an example, and it uses cross-sectional transaction data from second-hand residential communities in 2020 as its research reference. Through economic and geographical research methods, this study explores consumers’ preference for colour among various consumer groups. The research reveals that the overall homebuying consumer groups in Fuzhou have specific preferences for the quantity and characteristics of facade colours. Furthermore, consumer preferences vary among different income levels and geographic locations of homebuying consumer groups. Finally, the research estimates the possible reasons for these preference differences.

Suitability of Geography Textbooks for the Development of Critical Thinking of Lower Secondary School Students, Based on Bloom's Taxonomy

The Geography textbook for the 8th grade has been drawn up based on the program of the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation, in different years, with the aim that the students acquire geographical knowledge, reinforces this knowledge in everyday life situations, integrating the cause-effect relationships of natural and human phenomena and processes with geographical research methods. According to the content of the curriculum, regional geography and other eco-continents will be taught in the eighth grade, as well as the submission of questions is covered at the end of each topic in the text. This text deals with interesting issues for several continents, countries, and we will analyse the approaches of the authors, the clearest elaboration for the student on the topics and the questions posed to the students with the goal; remembering, understanding, and applying. A special care and attention has been shown to preserve the right ratios between informative and non-formative material, theoretical and factual, historical and contemporary, respecting the scientific and didactic criteria. We will base the research on Bloom’s taxonomy, beginning with knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation, with the aim of better reflecting the state, analyse the revised taxonomy and we will also present the students’ recollection, understanding and application in everyday life.

BASIC POSITION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY AND ITS STRUCTURE

During last decades geographical science are subjected to crisis events under impact of new social-economic factor in Ukraine. The aim of the article is analysis of modern geography as a fundamental science during new conditions in Ukraine. New scientific structure of geography was elaborated. As a result, additional geographical spheres of the science were distinguished, for instance: limnology, coastal science, engineering geography, methods of geographical research, etc. Geography is one of the basic natural resource-attitude sciences, that are researching factors, processes and mechanisms of natural environmental systems of various genetic level within the Global Geographical jacket and hers natural spheres, with participation of anthropogenous factor, in addition with a spatial spreading on squire of the World. Geography is studying properties and territorial spreading geographical objects and regularities of its interactions. Destination of the research and development are harmonic usage of natural resources and comfort reside people.

АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ РУЙНУВАННЯ КАХОВСЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА НА ЕКОЛОГІЧНУ СИСТЕМУ КОБЛІВСЬКОЇ ГРОМАДИ

The Dnipro HPP was part of the Dnipro cascade of hydropower plants and had a significant impact on the regional water environment and energy infrastructure. This study aims to identify the risks to the community ecosystem after the destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir dam. The study area is characterised by environmental friendliness. The purpose of the study is to find out the consequences of the impact of the destruction of the Kakhovka HPP on the territory of the Kobleve community and to assess the level of threat to the community population and the environment for further action. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and socio-geographical research methods. Namely, the methods of analysis and synthesis, which involve collecting, analysing and summarising the information collected. The territorial approach is used, thanks to which the attention is focused on the territory defined by the study. In addition, descriptive, comparative and geographical research methods were used. The methodological basis of the work is the works of domestic scientists in the field of environmental protection, scientific periodicals, textbooks and monographs, Internet resources, statistical data of the State Institution "Mykolaiv Regional Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" "Mykolaiv District Department" of the Berezan Laboratory Department, which reflects the sanitary and microbiological state of surface waters. In addition, a tabular method was used to analyse the data. Results. The risks for the study area are identified. The patterns of spreading the consequences of the disaster are characterized. The impact of the event on the community is assessed. The main factors that affect the ecosystem and the lives of the local population, in particular, changes in water levels, impact on fauna and flora, soil quality, etc. Scientific novelty. Analysis of the natural features of the study area and the consequences of the current situation. The analysis allows us to assess the real state and potential of the territory, risks, and areas of influence. On its basis, it is possible to plan further measures necessary for the preservation and restoration of the environment. Practical significance. The process of analysing the impact of the destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir dam will help to understand how the destruction of the reservoir affects the ecological system of the Kobleve community and help to make informed decisions to preserve nature and water resources.

Геодемографическая классификация регионов Северо-Кавказского федерального округа

Introduction. The dynamics of the vital movement of the population of the North Caucasus for 2005-2020 is investigated. Research methods and materials. Both traditional and the latest geographic research methods are used - comparative geographical, spatial analysis, statistical, GIS technologies, population surveys, etc. Research results. The conducted studies have shown that despite the apparent well-being, a tense demographic situation is developing in the North Caucasus. Favorable demographic results are obtained only at the expense of three subjects - Dagestan, Ingushetia and Chechnya. In other regions, narrowed and negative reproduction is observed. The natural increase is getting lower and lower. The small generation born in the 1990s reached the fertile age. COVID-19 restrictions and a crisis in the economy have led to an even greater decline in the birth rate and an increase in mortality. The conducted geodemographic classification of the regions of the North Caucasus showed that the most favorable situation is observed in Ingushetia, the situation is slightly worse in Chechnya and Dagestan, narrowed reproduction in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia and the most tense situation is in North Ossetia and the Stavropol Territory. Conclusion. To improve the situation, a differentiated approach is needed to different regions in the demographic sphere, the creation of new workplaces. The outflow of the able-bodied population from the regions of the North Caucasus leads to a violation of the population age composition and, thereby, undermines the fertility of the population. This leads to a decrease in the birth rate and, accordingly, natural increase. Resume. The article presents the results of studies of the natural movement of the population of Russia and the North Caucasus Federal District. At the same time, the multi-scale method of research and geodemographic classification was taken as the basis. It has been established that relatively favorable results on the scale of Russia were achieved in the North Caucasus Federal District, and on the scale of the North Caucasian Federal District - in Ingushetia, Chechnya and Dagestan. It was determined that along with the traditional factors of mortality, the factor of infectious morbidity began to play a significant role. It is shown that at the same time, mortality in working age has increased. It was revealed that there is a significant territorial differentiation of the natural movement of the population both in Russia as a whole and in the North Caucasus Federal District. The results of the research can be useful in developing programs for further demographic development of the regions.

Island settings and their influence on geographical research methods

AbstractThis study presents lessons learned from the application of mixed methods during three field visits to central Mediterranean islands over an eight‐year period to learn about and from visitors who voluntarily paid to experience ecotourism. The study outlines various challenges encountered in research in small island settings. Such challenges include logistical difficulties to reach islands, including those originating from weather conditions, difficulty in practising observation in small communities, sampling dilemmas, different levels of trust and willingness to disclose views among interview participants, lack of standardised data, language barriers that may limit who conducts research on specific islands, and substantial fluctuations in population size throughout the year. Findings show that the choice and application of methods for island research need to be informed by island dynamics; this entails adapting methods and using different data collection techniques to mitigate challenges arising from island settings. The study also outlines the need of more research in the application of mixed methods when studying islands.

Coupling relationship of tourism urbanization and rural revitalization: A case study of Zhangjiajie, China

ABSTRACT This study takes Zhangjiajie, a typical tourist city with abundant tourism resources but economically backward in China, as an example, adding geographic research methods on the basis of traditional coupling research to explore the relationship between the development of tourism urbanization and rural revitalization from 2006 to 2019. The findings revealed the comprehensive index of tourism urbanization grows faster than rural revitalization. Specifically, the level of agglomeration of the tourism industry and the ecological environment had the greatest effect on the coupling system, indicating that they are the critical factors to be considered during macro policy-making.

Anthropogenic emissions or just a lot of hot air? Using air pollution to teach quantitative methods to “mathophobic” first-year geography students

ABSTRACT Debates about how best to support students’ transition from school to university have re-emerged periodically since at least the 1970s. This paper focuses upon one aspect of this transition: how to develop the quantitative skills students acquire at school throughout the first year of their degree. We report on an attempt to inject pedagogic innovation into the teaching of quantitative methods to first-year geography undergraduates at a large Russell Group university in the UK. More specifically, we report on moving to a pedagogic approach of student-centred, inquiry-based learning, which uses quantitative methods to investigate the issue of air pollution. We explore whether “statistical anxiety” is still a common experience of undergraduate geographers and the extent to which pedagogical innovation can help to alleviate this. Although the focus is on UK Geography, the paper has wider relevance to anywhere geographical research methods are taught.

A Critical and Extensive Review of the Historical Rise and the Contemporary Resurgence of Interest in Positivism in Geography

The positivist methods of explaining geographical phenomena enjoyed prominence and revolutionized the methods of geographical research up to the 1950s where the criticisms were largely that the methods cannot account for any role in human geography and the subsequent rise of humanism as an alternative mode of explanation. These critiques and the introduction of many concepts in humanism inadvertently slowed down the progress in seeking for acceptable scientific methods to explain human experiences in geographical research. These criticisms in the 1980s and 90s reduced the popularity and application of the quantitative methodologies which were powerful research techniques in human geography. Geography by its nature is a dual discipline with one half on physical and the other on human geography. Human geographers have used quantitative methodologies to study a multitude of topics including demographics, migration, housing and settlement patterns and ethnic segregation. Human activities like migration, journey to work, retail capital patronage, have adopted some element of scientific laws and models have been focused on transportation, migration, settlement development, innovation diffusion, population growth and distribution, urban land use etc. The shortcomings of the philosophy of humanism have not provided a good alternative in explaining geographical phenomenon and has over time become the gains of the positivist school of thought. The resurgence in the interest in positivism as a tool for explanation of geographical phenomena bores down from the fact that the humanistic methods is laced with subjectivity, the language of discourse is abstract and difficult to comprehend while the logical sequence of the positivist methods make the approach real and achievable.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ РЕЛЬЕФА И ДИНАМИКИ БЕРЕГОВОЙ ЛИНИИ АККУМУЛЯТИВНЫХ ФОРМ ПО ДАННЫМ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГЕОСИСТЕМЫ КОСЫ ДОЛГАЯ

The study of the relief of large coastal accumulative forms, based on modern technologies, is rele-vant for solving many applied problems. Coastal and underwater bars, shoals, banks are characteristic elements of large coastal accumulative forms’ geosystems. Previously existing methods of relief re-searches, especially underwater, were labor-intensive and expensive. Accordingly, the development and implementation of new methods of geographical research are necessary. The Dolgaya Spit, includ-ing its underwater shoal and the Elenin Bank, is one of the largest accumulative forms of the Sea of Azov. The purpose of our work was to obtain new information on the relief structure and the shoreline dynamics of the Dolgaya Spit based on the use of new research methods. Digital models of surface and underwater relief were built on the basis of processing Sentinel-2 satellite images and data from unmanned aerial photography. The subsequent analysis allowed identify regularities that reflect the current and previous hydro-lithodynamic conditions that determined the transformation of the Dolgaya Spit during its evolution. The fulfilled studies confirmed the possibility of successful use of modern remote methods for studying the relief of coastal accumulative forms.

ПРОФЕСОР ОЛЕКСАНДР ЗУПАН (1847-1920): ЖИТТЯ І ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ В ГЕОГРАФІЇ

Purpose. Analysis of the scientific achievements of scientists-geographers who have left a significant mark in the development of domestic and world scientific thought, due to the need to determine its historical formation and identify future vectors of development. That is why the purpose of our article is to present the results of the study of the scientific heritage of Professor Alexander Zupan, as an outstanding scientist in the field of geography. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of available literature sources on this topic, as well as the works of scientists in the field of geography and partly in the field of history. In particular, the article used such methods of geographical research as analysis, historical and literary. Results. The article highlights the life of Alexander Zupan - a famous geographer of the Austrian period, who worked not only in Austria, Germany, Slovenia but also in Ukraine, namely in Chernivtsi. During his life, Alexander Zupan went from teacher to professor, making a significant contribution to the development of physical, social and political geography, climatology, as well as the development of school geographical education. In total, his scientific achievements include more than 30 works. Much of the work has been republished several times. The scientific works "Fundamentals of Physical Geography", "Textbook of Geography on the Principles of Modern Science for Austrian Secondary Schools", "Wind Statistics in the Lower Troposphere" and others deserve special attention. For his scientific contribution he was awarded the scientific prize of the German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldin" "Medal of Kotenius". The main scientific ideas of the scientist date back to the period of work as the editor of the famous geographical journal "Petermanns Mitteilungen". But it is also worth noting that it was Zupan who introduced branch geographical courses in physical geography, orography, geographical morphology, climatology, oceanology, ethnology, regional courses in European geography, and others at Chernivtsi University. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukraine, we conducted a detailed analysis of the scientific heritage and life of Professor Oleksandr Zupan, because his figure is little studied in Ukrainian geographical science. The рractical significance. Analysis of the scientific achievements of geographers allows to deepen knowledge of the theory of Ukrainian geography and assess their contribution to the development of important areas of geographical science. Knowledge of Alexander Zupan's scientific work is important from the point of view of using his main ideas in modern theoretical and scientific-practical research.

Spatial geoecological modeling of the natural-agrarian potential of the region landscapes

The article describes the scientific and methodological foundations of spatial geoecological modeling of the natural and agricultural potential of the region’s landscapes, the theoretical basis of which is the methodology of multiparameter analysis of complex objects, implemented in the form of two methods: summary indicators and randomized summary indicators. The essence of modeling is in mathematical-cartographic spatial analysis in the GIS environment of the favorableness of natural landscapes for environmentally friendly agricultural production. It is based on the principles of consistency, priority of the assessed indicators, continuity, regionality, emergence, scale, visibility of the display of results. During the development of the scientific and methodological foundations, the following methods of geographical research were used: ranking the properties of landscapes by their impact on the natural and agricultural potential, building model-classifications for assessing the natural-agricultural potential, convolution of multi-parameter information in conditions of information deficit. The developed method includes six blocks. The method has been tested in the Leningrad Region. The results of approbation do not contradict the data of other researchers obtained for the studied region. The developed method can be applied in land management and territorial planning.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПЛОЩАДЕЙ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ЦЕЛЕВОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ ЮГА РОССИИ

Land resources are one of the most important resources in the environmental management system. This resource is necessary for almost all types of human activity: agriculture, construction, industry, mining, recreation, etc. According to the intended purpose in the Land Code of the Russian Federation, lands are divided into seven categories, differing from each other in the economic and legal regime of use. One of these categories is agricultural land. This category of land includes territories necessary for obtaining agricultural products or other purposes related to agriculture, as well as they are geographically distributed outside settlements. Lands of this category of designated purpose are characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact (agro-preparatory processing of the territory, obtaining agricultural products, placement and grazing of livestock), which significantly affects the indicators of natural biodiversity downward. In order to study the state of land resources in the South of Russia, an analysis was made of the dynamics of changes in the area of agricultural land in the regions that are part of the Southern Federal District. The relevance of the work lies in the study of the current state of agricultural land in the South of Russia. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the area of agricultural land in the period from 2009 to 2019. Statistical and analytical methods of geographical research were involved in the work, information was searched for on the state of lands of this category of lands in a certain period of time. In the course of the work, information was collected on the state of agricultural land in each of the regions that are part of the Southern Federal District and the features of changes in the area of land of this category were determined.

Contribution of Geographical Research Methods to the Study of Gender Relations

Contribution of Geographical Research Methods to the Study of Gender Relations

Il metodo del vivente. L’ecologia politica e la rielaborazione del discorso geografico

Political ecology debate reshaped the relationship between the two subjects assumed to be fundamental in human geography, man and nature, and criticised their scientific status. Feminist political ecology and decolonial debate adopted a different perspective on the subjectivities that inhabit human communities. Political ecology recent debate suggest that the role of geographical knowledge in the construction of social hierarchies has to be reconsidered. In this framework, nature as a political project, could be analysed restructuring the methods of geographical research. In the recent re-elaboration of post-Marxist political ecology and world-ecology, for instance the new methods of investigation are related to the study of internal contradictions and social conflicts. The article suggests to consider the fundamental contradiction between capital and living being as a principle of general analysis of the relationship between human communities and biomes and as the core of the construction of a method of geographical analysis.

CURRENT STATE AND GEOSPATIAL FEATURES OF THE MILITARY FORCES OF THE EU AND UKRAINE

Problem Statement and Purpose. The relevance of the study is determined by the risk that it hides the continuing build-up of military strength in the world as a whole and in its individual macro-regions. In recent years, many countries, including Ukraine, have been increasingly focusing on the comprehensive development of the armed forces in order to increase their numbers, improve their combat equipment and mobility. That is why the purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the armed forces of the states of Europe, their geospatial and communication features and the basic prerequisites for their functioning and growth.Data & Methods. The methodological basis of the basic concepts and definitions are the fundamental principles of the theory of social geography, military geography and political geography. In the process of research such methods of geographical research as descriptive, complex, analytical, statistical, cartographic, method of analysis and comparison were used.Results. Reaching $ 315 billion in 2019, Europe's military expenditures accounted for 20% of global military spending. Only 4 of the 15 countries with the highest military spending in the world (France, United Kingdom, Germany and Italy) are in Europe. Taken together, they account for 10% of world military spending.In order to identify the level of financial security of the armed forces of European countries, a classification of European countries by the level of military expenditures by the total GDP of the country was introduced. Accordingly, three groups of coun­tries were identified: countries with high levels of military spending (more than 2% of total GDP - Ukraine, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and Greece); countries with an average level of military spending (from 1.1 to 2% of total GDP - Poland, It­ aly, etc.); countries with low levels of military spending (from 0.1 to 1% of total GDP - Belarus, Spain, etc.). 5 European states (Vatican, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra, San Marino) do not spend any military expenditures, respectively, and have no regular armed formations, but are limited only by internal law enforcement agencies.

ГЕОГРАФІЧНА СКЛАДОВА РЕТРОСПЕКТИВИ ОСВОЄННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ІВАНИЧІВСЬКОГО РАЙОНУ ВОЛИНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Aim. The aim of the study is to analyze the retrospective of the development of Ivanychi district as a significant factor influencing the state of the environment. Method. The scientific work used such methods of geographical research as: historical, comparative-geographical, cartographic, mathematical, observation, generalization, analysis and synthesis. Using the statistical method, the indicators of different development of the territory of Ivanychi district by types of nature management are calculated. The method of geoinformation modeling allowed to build maps of grouping of settlements of the district according to historical mentions and significance in the settlement retrospective. Results. An ecological and geographical assessment of the historical stages of development of the territory of Ivanychi district of Volyn region by types of nature management in one or another epoch of human civilization development has been carried out. It is noted that during this time the basis of the economic complex of the district were agriculture and various industries using natural raw materials. The structure of management on the territory of the region underwent a radical change in the post-war period of the twentieth century, when coal mining deposits of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin were put into operation. The negative impact on the environment from economic activity in the area, the types of which together exert a strong man-made pressure on all components of the geographical shell. The scientific novelty lies in the ecological and geographical determination of the magnitude of the impact of economic nature in the Ivanychi district of Volyn region on the environment and the analysis of the formation of the settlement structure during the historical retrospective. Practical importance. The results of the research can be used in the educational process of VSU named after Lesya Ukrainka in teaching geographical, economic and tourism disciplines. The results will find their application in the legislative and executive work of local governments in the development of programs of socio-economic development of territorial communities. The materials of the research will promote the rational use of anthropogenic resources and objects of social and household services in Volyn, which will allow to qualitatively influence the course of administrative reform. A number of provisions can be used in similar studies of the regions of Ukraine.

Quello che le mapp (non) dicono. Uno sguardo ai metodi geografici per lo studio della violenza del territorio

The phenomenon of violence, in some specific forms and modalities, requires a contextualized territorial study that can reveal the spatial distribution, the functioning, the relationships between the actors involved, being the State, parastatals and extrastatal actors. Starting from a critical review of geographical research methods, which include territorial analysis, context analysis and geospatial analysis, I discuss the relationships that weave the map of production and reproduction of patriarchal and mafia violence as a means and end of the exercise of political power in the territory. Maps are a political-aesthetic tool historically used to create the world and its relationships, rather than 'simply' representing it. In the official speech, the nation-state has built organized crime as a territorial competitor, a 'parallel' actor-association that challenges the monopoly of violence: a discourse that is geo-graphically converted, in the Mexican case, as a reworking of administrative units local with borders -polygons, in cartography- of the so-called cartels. What are the problems of this reading, of this point of view? How does geography, and the methodology that suggests, contribute to critically address the responsibilities of the narrative and material (re)production of violence? The (re)production the map of actors involved in violent phenomena?

Traditional and modern methods of geographical research of agriculture

Agriculture – basic branch of economy of Kazakhstan, which supplies the population with food,raw materials industry, and serves as an important factor in the development of individual regions. Sincethe early 90’s of XX century the transformation of agriculture in Kazakhstan changing land-use patterns,the formation of new areas of specialization, particularly around the capital city Astana. The need forgeographers to participate in the study of this most important branch of the economy is determined bythe fact that, along with institutional factors, spatial (geographical) factors. They are natural conditions,the situation near large cities, infrastructure development, the quantity and quality of the population, itsnational characteristics and traditional occupations, and the location of agriculture in the country. In thenew market conditions, the conceptual and methodological approaches to the identification of featuresof the territorial development of the industry as a whole change significantly, the object and subject ofthe research. Therefore, along with the earlier priority areas of the geographical study of the territorialstructure of agriculture, the article also considers the development of new geographical methods foragricultural research. The application of new methods in modern agrogeographic research, along withtraditional ones, will make it possible to develop recommendations for improving the territorial organizationof agriculture.