Environmental Management Methods Research Articles

Assessment of dynamic water yield using multi scenario of LULC in Cisadane Watershed West Java, Indonesia

Uncontrolled economic development often leads to land degradation, a decline in ecosystem services, and negative impacts on community welfare. This study employs water yield (WY) modeling as a method for environmental management, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Land Use Intensity (LUI), and WY to support sustainable natural resource management in the Cisadane Watershed, Indonesia. The objectives include: (1) analyzing changes in WY for 2010, 2015, and 2021; (2) predicting WY for 2030 and 2050 under two scenarios—Business as Usual (BAU) and Protected Forest Area (PFA); (3) assessing the impacts of LULC and climate change on WY; and (4) exploring the relationship between LUI and WY. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model calculates actual and predicted WY conditions, while the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) analyzes the LULC-WY relationship. Results indicate that the annual WY in 2021 was 215.8 × 108 m³, reflecting a 30.42% increase from 2010. Predictions show an increasing trend in WY under both scenarios for 2030 and 2050 with different magnitudes. Rainfall contributes 88.99% more dominantly to WY than LULC. Additionally, around 50% of districts exhibited unbalanced coordination between LUI and WY in 2010 and 2020. This study reveals the importance of ESs in sustainable watershed management amidst increasing demand for natural resources due to population growth.

Современные технические решения и комплексный подход к ликвидации очагов горения и свалок твердых коммунальных отходов

Due to the growth of the number of solid municipal waste landfills and in case of ignition, the issue of prevention and elimination of fires is extremely crucial. The study aims to the discuss possibilities of a comprehensive solution for the problem of managing environmental risks of solid municipal waste landfills near urbanized areas, which are caused by frequent fires in waste layers. Based on the systemic approach principles, environmental risk assessment and management methods have been applied, including the method of geo-ecological zoning and geo-ecological mapping of landfills; the fire equipment used for fire-extinguishing in waste layers has been upgraded as well. To reach the goal of the study, the work is to be implemented in three stages. Within the first stage, the primary identification of environmental risks of landfills occurring due to various causes is advisable. Within the second stage, in accordance with numerical values of physical and chemical parameters obtained within the first stage, the established environmental risks are assessed using a number of threshold methods. The potential application of non-threshold assessment methods is conditioned by the content of a number of carcinogenic substances in the waste layer. The third stage is dedicated to the direct extinguishing of fires occurring and developing both on the surface and in shallow depths (up to 10–15 cm) of waste layers. According to the results of the study, one of the modern solutions for the issue is the suggested innovative mechanism of environmental risk management for solid municipal waste landfills based on the example of the Rostov region relying on the application of modern techniques and technologies. This field of scientific research is prospective and of high practical and scientific value.

The Role of Municipalities in Environmental Management: a Case Study of Rzgów Municipality

Managing the environment in a sustainable manner allows for economic, social, and cultural development. The task of the municipality is to meet the basic needs of residents. The article presents the method of environmental management in the Rzgów Municipality and preventive actions in the form of monitoring, which are used to constantly control individual elements of the environment. Based on the collected data, a SWOT analysis was created along with an indication of possible actions and activities aimed at improving the conditions of the natural environment.

Edukasi Penerapan Prinsip Akuntansi Lingkungan Melalui Efisiensi Energi dan Pengelolaan Limbah Pada UMKM Tambakrejo Semarang

Management understanding and knowledge of environmental accounting, especially related to waste management and energy efficiency, is very important to achieve business sustainability, including for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The Tambakrejo MSME group often lacks understanding of milkfish waste management and faces increasing energy operational costs, especially for refrigerators. Lack of environmental awareness causes milkfish waste to pollute the environment and hinder water drains. Environmental accounting integrates environmental aspects in accounting practices to measure, report, and manage environmental impacts. This Community Service educates about waste management strategies and energy efficiency based on environmental accounting principles. The results of Community Service have a positive impact, the enthusiasm of MSME actors is very high, this is evidenced through pre and post testing measuring tools for MSMEs with the results of the increasing level of public understanding of environmental awareness and energy saving in MSMEs, as well as teaching environmental cost management methods through identification, recognition, measurement, reporting, and integration of environmental aspects in the accounting system.

The economic paradigm of environmental safety of oil and gas regions

High level of environmental safety of oil and gas regions is mainly achieved by solving the problems of economic effi ciency of natural resource use and of management of the complex of federal and regional projects for improving methods of environmental protection and environmental management. The purpose of the study is to develop a systematic rational approach to innovative development of environmental safety of the regions specializing in oil and gas on the basis of their interregional cluster organization in the conditions when it is essential to achieve higher levels of technological sovereignty and the dominance of circular economy strategies and decarbonization in the transforming global fuel and energy balance. To achieve the goal stated the author has carried out a theoretical study of the prospects of innovative resource directions for the development of the regional oil and gas industry and greening of regional economic systems as well as territorial distribution of regional industrial infrastructure to perform green energy transfer; theoretical studies of institutional mechanisms of strategic spatial development of Russia on the basis of interregional industrial cluster integration using highly profi table oil and gas revenues to develop and implement innovative principles of improving the environmental and economic effi ciency of the use of nature-like technologies, controlled environmental management, ESG factors, smart specialization of regions, local resource potential; regression analysis of dynamics and forecasting the volume of atmospheric pollution from stationary sources, the proportion of trapped and neutralized atmospheric pollutants from the total amount of gaseous pollutants emitted from stationary sources, as well as environment protection costs in the oil and gas regions; hierarchical clusterization of oil and gas regions by the amount of organizations applying innovations aimed at development of environmental safety, by material and energy fl ows, by reduction of CO2 emissions and use safe or less hazardous raw materials, by reduction of the level of environmental pollution and the use of waste recycling technologies.The research has been conducted on the example of the Volga Federal District where the oil and gas regions are represented by the subjects with the budget-forming petrochemical complex such as the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), the Udmurt Republic (UR), the Perm Territory (PT), the Orenburg Region (OR) and the Samara Region (SR). As a result of the study conducted the author developed the economic paradigm of environmental safety of oil and gas regions based on the application of principles of horizontal innovative and industrial, scientifi c, technological and fi nancial policy.

Degradation of Azo-dye (Disperse Red) Using Rhizosphere Bacterial Consortium

This study investigates the degradation of the azo dye (Disperse Red) using a rhizosphere bacterial consortium. Standard microbiological and molecular techniques were employed to isolate and identify organisms from rhizosphere soil. Degradation of azodye was carried out in a fabricated anoxic and oxic chambers with hydraulic retention time of 40hrs. Initial identification of the bacterial isolates through Gram’s reaction and biochemical tests revealed the presence of organisms belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Lysinibacillus, and Citrobacter. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the isolates as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas chengduensis, and Citrobacter freundii. During the preliminary testing, the degradation efficiency was assessed under varying glucose concentrations. Higher decolorization rate of 56.17% was observed in the medium with 10% glucose after 72 hours, while the medium with 5% glucose achieved a 44.17% colour reduction. Notably, lower degradation rates recorded were 11.96% and 12.85% for the 5% and 10% dye enhance glucose mineral salt media, respectively. However, During the actual degradation testing in a double-chamber system enhanced with biochar, the first anaerobic cycle achieved a maximum decolorization of 71.95% after 94 hours, with the first aerobic cycle further enhancing degradation to 90.51%. The second anaerobic cycle increased degradation to 94.78%, and the final aerobic cycle achieved a decolorization of 98.47%. These results show that the rate of Disperse Red degradation is highly dependent on glucose levels and alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of using rhizosphere bacterial consortia to bioremediate wastewater contaminated with azo dyes, offering an efficient and sustainable method of environmental management. The results underline the need of optimizing ambient conditions to increase microbial degradation processes.

Environmental Monitoring Data Management and Analysis Based on 5G IoT

As environmental issues become increasingly severe, environmental monitoring has become a crucial measure for protecting and managing ecosystems. The high speed, low latency, and massive connectivity characteristics of 5G technology, combined with the widespread application of IoT technology, provide new solutions for environmental monitoring data management and analysis. This study explores the methods of environmental monitoring data management and analysis based on 5G IoT technology, designs a systematic environmental monitoring framework, and verifies its effectiveness through empirical research. The results show that the environmental monitoring system based on 5G IoT can efficiently, real-time, and reliably collect and analyze environmental data, providing strong support for environmental protection and management.

In-situ online detection of carbon during combustion via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The combustion of fossil fuels is primarily responsible for disrupting the carbon cycle equilibrium by releasing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Therefore, detecting GHG emissions from fossil fuels is extremely important. In this study, utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a new method for real-time in-situ detection of carbon fluctuations during combustion has been developed. The combustion of fossil fuels is emulated through the controlled burning of candles within a confined area, and the elemental content of the surrounding air during this process is analyzed. Fluctuations in the intensity of CN spectral lines were tracked to reveal changes in carbon concentration. The backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is used to identify and verify local air with different carbon concentrations, and the predictions are accurate. In conclusion, the integration of BPNN and LIBS for the purpose of identifying variations in carbon content during combustion provides an effective method for environmental management.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ В СИСТЕМЕ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The work is devoted to an urgent topic: accounting and prevention of possible environmental risks, as one of the conditions for the sustainable use and development of the Planet's land resources. The article examines possible environmental risks beyond the climate agenda related to the physical impact on the environment: emissions into the atmosphere, soil and water pollution, waste generation and negative effects on natural biodiversity. The paper attempts to analyze methods of environmental risk management in the development and implementation of projects in various areas of the economy, including in the land use system.

Water quality analysis based on LSTM and BP optimization with a transfer learning model.

In the urban water environmental management, a fast and effective method for water quality analysis should be established with the rapid urbanization. In this study, the Beijing's sub-center was chosen as a case study, and long short-term memory (LSTM) and back propagation (BP) models were built, then a transfer learning model was proposed and applied to optimize the two models on the base of the upstream and downstream relationships in the rivers. The results indicated that the proposed deep learning model could improve NSE by 7% and 9% for LSTM and BP at the Dongguan Bridge gauge, respectively. At the Xugezhuang gauge in the Liangshui River, NSE was improved by 11% and 17%, respectively. At the Yulinzhuang gauge, it was improved by 16% and 13%, respectively. Because the upstream and downstream relationships were considered in the learning model, the model performance was obviously better. In brief, this method would provide an idea for the effective water quality model construction in the ungauged basins or regions.

A spatiotemporal optimization method for nutrient control in lake watersheds

Developing an efficient strategy for managing nutrients in less-developed lake watersheds that can balance the need for socioeconomic progress with the protection of aquatic ecosystems has become an urgent research subject for achieving sustainable development. This paper improves the optimization method for environmental and economic management of lake watersheds proposed in our previous research. A spatiotemporal optimization method based on a coupling model consisting of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, system dynamics model, and objective programming model was applied to an agricultural non-point source (ANPS) pollution control program and a rural sewage treatment program at the Yilong Lake watershed as a case study. A simulation evaluation showed that the efficiency of the previous scheme was significantly improved after conducting spatiotemporal optimization. This scheme was dynamic and distributed, demonstrating an annual and high-resolution control program that can provide a basis for the precise management of ANPS. Although it still requires improvement, a framework for coupling simulation and two-step optimization was achieved in this study.

Research on the Impact of Urban Environmental Pollution and Countermeasures

The process of economic building and growth, as well as human production and living, results in a significant amount of pollutants and trash generation as urban populations become denser. Urban environments can only self-purify so much before being severely polluted and degraded, which has a negative impact on both human health and urban landscape. The contradictions between population, resources, environment, and economic development have become more pronounced with the speeding up of industrialization, and the quality of the urban environment has also shown a trend of gradual deterioration, which severely limits the sustainable growth of cities. Due to this, the issue of urban environmental pollution has drawn increasing attention, and a growing number of urban environmental pollution management methods have been implemented. In this context, this paper briefly introduces the types of urban environmental pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, etc., and mainly introduces the impact of various pollutions, among which the impact on human health is the most serious. And pointed out various measures to control pollution. Finally, this paper emphasizes that the current methods of controlling urban environmental pollution are not perfect, and more experimental research is needed to obtain more efficient treatment methods, so that urban environmental pollution can be controlled more efficiently in the future.

Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis provides new insights into tetracycline stress tolerance in pumpkin

The aim of this study was to conduct transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analysis to provide a comprehensive view of plant response to tetracycline stress. Pumpkin seeds were cultured for 7 days without or with tetracycline at 10 mg/L. Pumpkin roots showed excessive growth inhibition, but not yet strong growth restraining in cotyledons. Tetracycline affected the abundance of metabolites related to flavonoid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism. Main changes of metabolites in flavonoid biosynthesis were consistent with mRNA changes. Amino acid changes are mainly mediated by proteins or mRNAs. To be specific, tetracycline treatment increased the levels of rutin, caffeate, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, apigenin, luteolin, (−)-epigallocatechin, astragalin, L-serine, and glutathione and the transcript levels related to these compounds; and decreased the levels of indole pyruvate, indole acetaldehyde, L-arginine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, L-glutamine, and gamma-glutamylcysteine and the transcript levels related to these compounds. Tetracycline treatment also increased the levels of oxoglutaric acid, L-glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and gamma-glutamylalanine and enzymes involved in their production; and decreased the levels of L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine and enzymes involved in their production. We elucidated several biological processes (e.g. phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, amino acid metabolic pathways) that were altered by tetracycline, and provided a multi-omic perspective on the mechanisms underlying the response to tetracycline stress in pumpkin roots. We provide a useful reference for the development of environmental quality management methods.

Analysis of methods of managing the environmental safety of the navigation passage of ships of maritime transport

The requirements of the MARPOL international convention on ensuring the environmental performance of marine diesel engines in relation to the emission of sulfur oxides, as well as marine fuels during navigation passages of sea transport vessels in special ecological areas, are given. The use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases and the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel, are considered as methods that meet these requirements. The research was carried out on ships of the Bulker Carrier class with deadweight of 63,246 tons during the navigation transition between the ports of Northern Europe. One of the vessels used scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases as a method of environmental safety management. The other is the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel. Both vessels are equipped with a 5S60ME-C8.2 MAN-Diesel&Turbo marine diesel engine as the main engine, and three 6EY18ALW Yanmar diesel engines as auxiliary engines. The ratio of sulfur oxides to carbon oxides – SO2/CO2 – was chosen as an indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental safety management methods. This value was monitored and regulated by an automatic monitoring system. It was found that both methods meet the requirements of the MARPOL convention, namely, they will support the SO2/CO2 ratio in the range of 2.29–4.17 (when in special environmental control zones) and in the range of 6.46–20.83 (when in outside the zone of special environmental control). The use of environmental safety management methods increases energy costs for ensuring this process. When using exhaust gas scrubbing, additional power losses reach 237–278 kW. In the case of using a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel, power losses amount to 18–20 kW. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel is characterized by a lower level of environmental sustainability. At the same time, compared to the use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases, this method requires less energy consumption and is also characterized by simpler additional equipment. In this regard (and also taking into account that all the requirements of Annex VI MARPOL are provided), it is recommended as the main one to ensure the environmental safety of navigation passages of sea transport vessels.

Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater Quality and Optimization of Monitoring Indicators in Nanchang

In the process of groundwater environmental monitoring, while ensuring the representativeness of groundwater quality evaluation, the number of monitoring indicators should be optimized as much as possible, which is of great significance to groundwater environmental management. Based on monitoring data of shallow groundwater in Nanchang in 2014 and 2019, the chemical characteristics of water and the changes in water quality were analyzed via statistical analysis, a Piper three-line diagram, and the entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI). Furthermore, a key indicator optimization method based on water quality evaluation was constructed by coupling stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The feasibility of this method was also evaluated. The results showed that the water chemistry type of groundwater in 2014 and 2019 was mainly HCO3-Ca, and the five abnormal indicators pH value, NO3-, I-, Fe, and Mn were the main influencing factors of water quality change. The water quality in 2019 was generally higher than that in 2014, which was considered as overall "moderate," and the average EWQI values of the two years were 53.72 and 82.34, respectively. The optimal model EWQImin-4 constructed based on the key indicator optimization method could better represent the actual EWQI; the key indicators included Mn, NO3-, TH, Fe, pH value, and I-; and the determination coefficient (R2) and percentage error (PE) values were 0.865 and 10.61%, respectively. Therefore, the optimization method of groundwater monitoring indicators based on entropy-weighted water quality evaluation could be used as an important reference for optimizing monitoring indicators and provide a method for regional groundwater environmental management.

Interpretation of odor complaint records with BTEX pollutants and meteorological factors: Çorlu case study

Air pollution in urban areas increases as a result of emitted air from different sources within the mixing layer of troposphere. Odor pollution is amongst the primary reasons behind environmental nuisance and occurrence of citizen complaints. Frequent exposure to odorous compounds and/or odor nuisance are increasingly associated with air pollution problems. Besides, there is no universally accepted environmental odor management method reported so far. Level of air pollutants emission, distance of emission sources to residential areas, to-pography, geographical and meteorological conditions have influence on imposed level of air pollution and odor pollution in cities.
 
 This study is built on the citizen odor complaint data (based on frequency, intensity, duration, odor tone and location (namely the FIDOL factors) collected in Çorlu/Tekirdağ through the GIS integrated public participated platform, namely the Çorlu KODER mobile application. The annual odor complaint data was briefly introduced and given an evaluation with the mo-bile app users demographic information. The obtained data between August 28-November 2 of 2021, was subjected to interpretative evaluation and statistical analysis with BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylene benzene and xylen) concentrations, inorganic air pollution concentrations and meteorological factors. In light of the obtained results, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and toluene concentration were found to play a significant role on the number of citizen odor complaints. The EU reported limit value, lower rating threshold and upper rating threshold for BTEX pollutants have been exceeded several times.
 
 The average Toluene/benzene ratios obtained during the study show that; non-traffic sources contribute significantly to VOC emissions. Air pollutants transportation mechanism from neighbouring OIZ settlements become a prominent justification and support the hypothesis that residential areas of Corlu are under the effect of industrial air pollution and odor pollution con-stituents. There is low level of negative correlation between the benzene measured in Çorlu and WS (r=-0.63). Below 2.4 m/s, the average number of odor complaints (ANOC) tend to increase, while above this level odor complaints are diminished). The ANOC remained around 4 for[C] < 4 ug/m3 and reached to 18 for [C]BTEXtotal > 8 ug/m3. Above [C]Toluen=3 ug/m3 conditions, Daily ANOC increase from 7 to 19. Over [C]Toluen= 4 ug/m3 conditions, it reached up to 23. Increses in the number of daily ANOC by temperature is distinct over 21 C0 and reaches to 35. 
 
 The GIS integrated citizen complaint collection platforms are critical for real-time data collection of environmental complaints with high spatiotemporal accuracy. Citizen odor complaint surveys are useful monitoring tools and obtained data sets can be used to identify sensitive areas where and when specific actions should be taken and air pollutants measuement studies be performed.

Recycling End-of-Life RO Membranes for NF Membranes via Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Interfacial Polymerization

To solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, we recycled the end-of-life (EoL) RO membrane by a cleaning-healing-interfacial polymerization (IP) method and reused it as a nanofiltration (NF) membrane. In this work, the influence of the regenerated ultrafiltration (UF) membrane repaired in different ways on the subsequent IP process and the performance of the NF membrane were discussed. The NF membrane prepared with 2.0 layers of LbL self-assembled healed membranes had a pure water permeability (PWP) of 7.25 L·m–2·h–1·bar–1, which also showed excellent long-term working stability and fouling resistance. The rejection rates were all above 99.5% for Na2SO4 solutions with different concentrations, disclosing that the regenerated membranes can be considered as tight nanofiltration membranes. This works provided an economic and environmental protection management method for the future treatment of waste RO membrane modules.

Outdoor Sports and Environmental Protection in Mountainous Areas Under Ecological Civilisation

Abstract Since the mid and late 19th century, people have paid more and more attention to the ecological environment, and environmental awareness and behaviour have been gradually strengthened. The global environmental protection movement is rising daily, and environmental protection will become the focus of human attention in the 21st century. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the system and mechanism of land and space development, resource conservation and utilisation, and ecological preservation of the environment in the system of ecological civilisation, and promote the formation of a new pattern of harmonious development between man and nature and modernisation. Although China has formulated policies and regulations on environmental protection in outdoor sports development, environmental protection is grim due to problems such as insufficient government supervision, weak public awareness of environmental protection, and relatively backward environmental protection concepts and management methods. During the visit, outdoor sports lovers and club leaders were interviewed. In this context, with the continuous development of outdoor mountain sports driven by the improvement of people’s pursuit of life, there began to be contradictions between outdoor mountain sports and the ecological preservation of the environment, which also became the cause of the author’s concern and research.

Environmental management systems: international models and experience of Kazakhstan

Significant air and water pollution, which is detrimental to the health of the citizens of Kazakhstan. Courts and regulatory authorities do not properly fulfill their obligations in the framework of environmental protection. Currently, government agencies are pursuing a policy aimed at protecting the environment and the rights of citizens. Purpose of the study is to analyze international models, practices, application of management systems for the legal protection of the environment and the health of citizens with application in Kazakhstan. The article discusses and explores a number of principles and methods of environmental management. Since these principles and practices contribute to the establishment of rational and effective environmental policy and management, it is proposed to take them into account when rethinking the current system in Kazakhstan. The article analyzes models and methods of legal protection of the environment and response to damage to the health of citizens, these tools can be part of an integrated system. Based on the study, it was found that in order for environmental management to reach its full potential, Kazakhstan also needs to undertake political reforms and involve ordinary citizens in the formation of policies and protection mechanisms. The studied strategies for collecting and taking into account the opinions of people when making managerial decisions on environmental protection can be used in Kazakhstani society.

Особенности формирования и реализации пожароопасных обстановок в Урало-Каспийском регионе в аномально жаркие и засушливые годы

The results of the analysis of the relationship between meteorological indicators of fire hazard and the actual development of wildfires are presented. The relevance of the study is due to the need to form a reliable understanding of the prerequisites and trends in the development of fires against the background of changes in the regional climate, accompanied by an increase in its anomaly. The main methodological approach to solving the tasks was to identify the features of the occurrence and spread of wildfires in some abnormally hot and dry years observed in the Ural-Caspian region – 2010 and 2021. The data obtained, reflecting the degree of fire danger and the vastness of the spread of fires, were compared with the average long-term (2001-2021) indicators and with longer data series. The study revealed the features of the seasonal development of fires during the firehazardous periods of the years under consideration in the whole region and taking into account its natural-zonal heterogeneity. Despite the fact that the occurrence of fires in general is stochastic in nature, some data indicate a predominantly agricultural nature of fires. Abnormally hot and dry years were not significantly distinguished by the degree of burning of steppe and desert landscapes; the exception was the extensive spread of fires in the forest and forest-steppe lowlands of the Southern Urals in 2021. The absence of statistically significant relationships between the indicators is evidence that weather conditions, although they form fire hazard conditions, are not decisive for their implementation. The occurrence and spread of fires depend on a complex combination and interaction of many natural and anthropogenic factors. In this regard, we believe that the introduction of effective methods of environmental management can minimize the level of pyrogenic impacts on steppe ecosystems, reduce the threat of damage and ensure the safety of the population.