Efficient urban environmental management methods are of importance, even essential to urban sustainable development. Economic methods have increasingly had advantages over other methods of environmental management during the course of the economic system's transition in China. Therefore, the establishment of an effective urban environment-economic management system is necessary and valuable. This paper primarily studies urban environment-economic management and establishes a framework for an urban environment-economic management system. As an example, we created the environment-economic management system of Xiamen, giving priority to economic methods combined with other management methods. We also investigated some problems probably arising in the application of this management system. Finally, a preliminary benefit analysis of the environment-economic management system of Xiamen was conducted. This new comprehensive framework for an environment-economic management system may be used in other cities in China and other developing countries around the world.