Sociological Research Methods Research Articles

Sustainable Demoethical values as tools for social transformation in interaction with the components of demography, democracy, and demoeconomics

This study aims to evaluate theories and ideas about social values and determine the high quality of virtues that potentially change social practices, thinking, self-awareness, and behavior of the individual and society. The relevance of the study of value components is determined by the fact that such values as “spirituality and morality”, “responsibility”, “justice”, “rationality”, and “security” are capable of capturing the greatest value of many interests, which allows for the integration of society. An experimental study was conducted using sociological research methods based on developed questionnaires with questions touching on the parameters of sustainable development of society, determining the high quality of virtues and behavior of the individual and society. The study was conducted from May to June 2023 (N = 1387). Based on Demoethical values, special attention is paid to global problems related to climate change and inefficient use of energy and water resources, thereby achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. As a result of the study, Demoethical values are revealed in interaction with the economic components of demography, democracy, and demoeconomics as a tool for social transformation, as they shape the harmonious vision of the world, human behavior, decisions, and relationships with other people.

Analysis of the Effect of Insufficient Community Engagement in Land Registration through the Lens of Sunaryati Hartono's Typology of Legal Culture

Abstract: This research discusses the factors that cause low community participation in land registration in Sukoanyar Village and the impacts caused, as well as efforts made by the village government to improve land registration. We employ a juridical sociological research method, examining actual community situations to gather necessary facts and data. The findings demonstrated that Sukoanyar Village's low land registration phenomenon remains rooted in a pre-conventional legal culture. This is evident in the community's local customs, which include the conviction that they possess physical control over their land, negating the need for a certificate, their egocentric interests, and their disinterest in government land registration initiatives. The low interest of the community in registering land has several impacts on the certainty of their land rights, including uncertainty of ownership, proneness to disputes, and limited utilization of land ownership rights. In response to this phenomenon, the Sukoanyar Village government made several efforts to improve land registration in the village, including (a) conducting extension and socialization activities involving all villagers to increase public understanding of the importance of land certification and (b) participating in the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program conducted by the government through ATR/BPN. Keywords: Community Participation, Land Registration, Legal Culture, Land Certificate.

Comparative Analysis of the Infrastructure of the City of Astana with a Sociological Survey of the Mental Well-Being of Citizens in the Context of the Sustainable Development of the Urban Agglomeration

Rapid urbanization entails complex problems not only in cities, but also within urban agglomerations. In modern landscape science, the greatest problems are primarily related to the ecological state of urban ecosystems. In this context, the most important task of urbanism is the interdisciplinary study of urban infrastructure in relation to the well-being of inhabitants, with a focus on the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. The aim of this study is to conduct a theoretical analysis of interdisciplinary research on the interactions between humans and the urban environment in the context of intensive urbanization, as well as to be an empirical study of the relationship between the real ecological state of the city of Astana, based on the use of geographical, environmental, cartographic, statistical, sociological, and socio-psychological research methods, aimed at identifying the mental well-being of citizens in correlation with their consumed urban ecosystem services using an associative psychological experiment, socio-psychological survey, and GIS mapping. As a result of this study, the authors have determined that the research hypothesis 1 “Spatial representations of the city’s geoecological state are interrelated with the mental well-being and satisfaction with urban ecosystem services of citizens depending on the area of residence” is confirmed. Additionally, a positive correlation has been noted among the key indicators and criteria of geoecological condition, mental well-being, and satisfaction with urban ecosystem services across different districts of the city.

Adat Upah-Upah setelah Khitanan di Masyarakat Labuhan Bilik Menurut Tokoh Muhammadiyah dan Tokoh Al-Washliyah

In Islamic law, tradition/custom is known as Urf, which is ‘something that is considered good and accepted by common sense’. The patterns and differences in the customs of each community in a particular area are caused by the cultural values that underlie the life of the local community. Similarly, the customs adopted by the Labuhan Bilik community in Central Panai Sub-district have a variety of cultures, one of which is the wage-upah custom. This wage-upah custom received two different responses from Islamic mass organisation leaders, namely Muhammadiyah leaders of Panai Tengah Subdistrict and Al-Washliyah leaders of Panai Tengah Subdistrict. This research aims to find out how the implementation, the value contained in the wage-upah custom in the Labuhan Bilik community, how the opinions of Muhammadiyah Leaders and Al-Washliyah Leaders of Central Panai District, as well as which opinion is more relevant in relation to the chronology in Labuhan Bilik Central Panai District. This research uses a comparative empirical sociological research method, qualitative research type with an anthropological approach. The results show that the opinion of Muhammadiyah leaders is more relevant to be applied in Labuhan Bilik, because the wage-upah custom is a form of practice that is a hereditary custom that was not taught by the Prophet, as well as customs that resemble the culture of another religion, namely Hinduism, if you want to show affection or want to give encouragement, just pray directly to Allah swt without going through other intermediaries.

ВПЛИВ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПІДХОДІВ НА ФІЗИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ШКОЛЯРІВ З ВАДАМИ СЛУХУ В ПРОЦЕСІ АДАПТИВНОГО ФІЗИЧНОГОВИХОВАННЯ

Introduction. Correcting the physical development of students with hearing impairments requires an individual approach and the use of specialized methods and tools. Each student with hearing loss may have unique needs and capabilities. Therefore, it is important to create individualized physical education programs that take into account the specific limitations and capabilities of each student. It is important to develop and implement innovative approaches for children with hearing impairments that would have an impact on the physical development of schoolchildren along with the correctional and health-improving orientation of the entire process of adaptive physical education. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and implement an innovative methodology of adaptive physical culture for the correction of physical development of children with hearing impairments in the process of adaptive physical education. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalisation of scientific literature data, sociological research methods, somatometric and physiometric research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The developed algorithm consisted of comparing two groups of 15-year- old schoolchildren with hearing impairment (boys (n=14), girls (n=12)) (control and experimental groups). Difference of content of classes in two groups of pupils was in means and methodical approaches to solution of correctional tasks in the process of physical education. In the first group, all training sessions were conducted in accordance with the physical education programme. In the second group, the methodology of correction of physical development included the following forms of training: exercises of different structure and focus to improve physical development indicators; increasing the level of functional capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems; balancing the psycho-emotional state (correctional games, tourist training skills, various types of health and recreational physical activity, improving the development of fine motor skills, exercises aimed at correcting and lagging behind in physical development), as well as an innovative program developed taking into account the needs and capabilities of children with hearing impairments. The innovative programme contained interactive exercises, included video tutorials with subtitles, games and tasks that can stimulate physical development, coordination and joint interaction.Conclusions. As a result, the implementation of the proposed methodology is confirmed by positive changes in the level of physical activity, improvement of general health and correction of physical development in the process of adaptive physical education of schoolchildren with hearing impairments.

Применение инновационных подходов к развитию инфраструктуры горных территорий на примере объектов образования

The goal is to develop proposals for the sustainable development of mountain areas based on the use of innovative approaches to the development of social infrastructure taking into account the example of educational facilities. Methods.The set of methods was used to achieve the stated purpose of the study, namely: literature analysis – to identify the main problems of the sustainable development of mountain areas, including in the field of social infrastructure using the example of educational facilities; analogy – to develop the proposals for the development of educational organizations of higher and secondary education according to the principles of campus organization of space, methods of sociological research (including methods of data collecting and processing) – to determine the possibilities of involving small businesses in the processes of innovative construction of campuses of educational organizations in mountainous areas (construction using information modeling technologies). Results and discussion. The authors proposed some measures for the development of infrastructure in the mountainous areas using the example of educational facilities, combining management and technological innovations: – as a management innovation it is proposed to apply the principles of forming an innovative educational environment taking into account the example of campuses for educational institutions of higher, secondary vocational (and, possibly, general secondary education in some cases and with some restrictions) within the framework of the development of a network of educational institutions in the mountainous areas of our country both at newly constructed facilities and at existing ones; – as a technological innovation, the use of building information modeling was proposed within the framework of projects for the development of educational organizations, based on the campus principle, in the mountainous areas. Conclusions. The proposed measures are aimed at solving significant problems characteristic of the mountainous territories of our country, such as reducing the outflow of young people (including for education), providing conditions for the development of human capital, developing social infrastructure and creating preconditions for increasing the investment activity and business development, as well as innovative activity of enterprises in the region, including small organizations.

Складові фахової кваліфікації вчителів фізичного виховання Китаю

The process of forming a specialist of a qualitatively new level is significantly restrained by the existing gap between the achievements of science and education, therefore the coefficient of useful use of scientific discoveries and new technologies is sharply reduced, fundamental knowledge is displaced from the content of educational processes by applied knowledge. An important type of professional activity is pedagogical, the specialty of which is a special psychological and pedagogical influence on students, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, on interests, inclinations, expectations, enthusiasm; the specificity of such activity consists in the pedagogical management of the process of personality formation and development. The purpose of the study is to determine the components of the professional qualification of physical education teachers in China. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of data from literary sources, sociological research methods (school health profiles lead physical education teacher questionnaire), mathematical statistics methods. Results. 50 Chinese physical education teachers (27 women and 23 men) took part in the study. The experiment was conducted at the Beijing School of Foreign Languages on the basis of the University of Foreign Languages (Beijing), Haidian Experimental School (Beijing), Tsinghua University High School (Beijing), Qingdao Yucai High School (Shandong-Qingdao Province). It was established that for professional growth and professional development, 50% of teachers note the need to expand the knowledge base on interventions involving children in activities with moderate and high-intensity organized motor activity; technologies aimed at the development of individual motor activity programs are of interest to 36% of the surveyed teachers; 26% of physical education teachers want to deepen their knowledge with the latest technologies for the formation of applied motor skills and skills in various sports activities. Conclusions. Therefore, the professional competence of the teacher is manifested in the set of professional knowledge, abilities and skills that reflect theoretical, practical and methodical preparation, the ability to their creative implementation in various social situations of practical professional activity in the field of physical education.

Виявлення мотивації людей похилого віку до занять різними видами рухової активності

Physical activity has a very important impact on the well-being and health of older people. Regular physical exercise improves quality of life, reduces the risk of various diseases and slows down the aging process. The article is devoted to the motivation of older people to engage in physical activity. The purposeof the study is to determine the motivation for engaging in various types of physical activity among elderly people in Ukraine and Poland. Methods. The study used theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the Institute of Sports and Physical Culture of the University of Economics in Bydgoszcz (Poland) and the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture (Ukraine). The experiment involved 120 (30 men and 30 women from Ukraine and Poland) elderly people (average age 66.12 ± 2.98 years). Results. As a result of the analysis of a survey of older people, the advantages in choosing various types of physical activity for men and women living in Poland and Ukraine were revealed. In the course of studying the motivation for physical activity among older people, it was revealed that the main motives are improving health, communicating with friends and maintaining physical fitness. Conclusions. It has been established that in Poland the most common types of physical activity among older people are swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism and cycling; in Ukraine, preference is given to the same types of physical activity other than cycling, which is due to the insufficiently developed infrastructure and technical support in Ukraine. The motives for engaging in physical activity among older people have been determined. Thus, the priorities turned out to be health-improving, recreational, communicative and preventive.

Topical Issues of Methods of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language in Russian Universities

The article discusses problematic issues that arise when studying Chinese at Russian universities. An assessment of the applicable techniques and the current state of their effectiveness are given. In addition, data from a sociological study are presented. Promising methods are also considered that will improve the quality of teaching and adaptation of Russian-speaking students when teaching Chinese. The author revealed that studying the Chinese language is one of the priority language areas of education in Russia. This is due to the emerging economic and political realities. In the context of actively developing cooperation between Russia and China, there is a need for professionals who speak Chinese to ensure communication. This applies to both business and government spheres. That is why the growing need for learning Chinese has increased significantly compared to the previous year. In many ways, Chinese replaces English. Hence, many Russian universities adapt their curricula and include the study of the Chinese language in them. At the same time, this activity in many non-linguistic educational institutions is at the initial stage. Current norms and Federal State Educational Standards do not imply blanket language learning, but the ability to apply it in real situations. At the same time, learning the Chinese language is significantly different from learning other foreign languages due to its characteristics. In addition, the psychological component associated with the transition to a different type of formation of language skills and language perception is important. The purpose of the article is to identify current issues in the methodology of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in Russian universities. Methodology. The current methodology of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in Russian universities was tested using the method of sociological research. The results of the study showed that there are a number of problematic issues in teaching work in the field of teaching Chinese.

Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya Penanggulangan Penggunaan Bahan Peledak dalam Pencurian Ikan di Perairan Laut Sawu, Kabupaten Kupang

This study aims to determine and explain the factors causing the use of explosives in fish theft in the waters of the Sawu Sea, Kupang Regency and also to determine and explain the countermeasures against the use of explosives in fish theft in the waters of the Sawu Sea, Kupang Regency. This research is a qualitative study with empirical or sociological legal research methods and the object of research is causal factors and countermeasures. Data collection using interview techniques and literature study. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive technique. The results of this study show that there are six factors causing the use of explosives in fish theft in the waters of the Sawu Sea, Kupang Regency, namely: (1) weak legal awareness factor, (2) motive factor, (3) weak economic factor, (4) weak law enforcement factor, (5) weak supervision factor, and (6) difficult to detect crime scene factor. Countermeasures carried out by the police and government agencies are premitive efforts, namely initial efforts made by competent government parties to provide appeals to avoid criminal acts. Preventive efforts are efforts made to provide prevention of community action both social problems and crime so as not to reach the threshold of disturbance and become a real disturbance. Repressive efforts are efforts made by competent parties when there has been a criminal offense or crime whose actions are in the form of law enforcement by imposing penalties.

Islamic Law View on Protecting the Rights of Housewives at Risk of Contracting HIV/AIDS

This article examines the perspective of Islamic law regarding the protection of the rights of housewives at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS from their husbands. Although HIV/AIDS is not a new issue, its impact on families, especially housewives, remains an essential concern in legal and public health contexts. Within the framework of Islamic law, individual rights, including women's rights, are guaranteed and need protection. This research uses normative legal and sociological research methods with a case approach. The results show that Islamic law has a vital role in protecting the rights of housewives who are at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS from their husbands. These rights include the right to know the husband's health status, the right to obtain protection, the right to refuse sexual relations, and the right to get a divorce. Islamic law places great responsibility on husbands to protect the health of their wives and families. Husbands are expected to maintain the welfare of their wives and families, including by taking preventive steps against the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Apart from that, Islamic law also emphasises the importance of fidelity in the husband-wife relationship. Husbands are expected to be faithful to their wives, which is also a preventive measure against the transmission of HIV/AIDS. If a husband fails to fulfil his responsibility to protect his wife from contracting HIV/AIDS, Islamic law gives the wife the right to seek protection, including through legal remedies such as requesting a fatwa from ulama or even filing a divorce petition. This research is expected to help increase public understanding of the rights of housewives at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, as well as encourage efforts to protect their rights.

Mechanism of synergy between public health, food safety and consumer behavior: the role of neuromarketing

Methods. The results of the study were obtained by using the following methods: comparison – when studying the dynamics of the global hunger index and the GTI in Ukraine to determine Ukraine's place in the world food security ranking; general and specific – when establishing the relationship between food security and the public health system; standard methods of sociological research – when studying the behavior of food consumers as a result of the use of various neuromarketing methods; structural and logical analysis – when justifying the use of neuromarketing methods to improve the country's food security and directly affect the development of the public health system. Results. The role of positive changes in the regulatory and legal support for the functioning of the integrated public health system in Ukraine in the context of European integration processes is shown. The position of Ukraine in the world food security ranking among the indicators of 125 countries is investigated. The dynamics of the factors influencing the formation of the GHI is analyzed. It is proved that food security is one of the components of the public health system. The reasons for the food problem in the world and in Ukraine in particular are considered. Examples of the application of neuromarketing methods as a tool for influencing food security and the public health system in general are given. Positive and negative factors of influence of neuromarketing methods on the public health system are systematized. The necessity of further scientific research on the synergy of neuromarketing, food security and the public health system as factors influencing the overall well-being of the population is emphasized. Novelty. The article is the first to investigate the aspects of synergy between public health, food security and neuromarketing in Ukraine in the current conditions of ecosystem disruption during the period of military aggression. Practical value. The application of neuromarketing methods to improve the promotion of food products on the market aimed at ensuring food security of the country, improving public welfare and further development of the public health system is proposed.

Entrepreneurship as career choice of Russian students: the role of university education, cultural traditions, and gender stereotypes

In this paper, based on our own recent sociological survey of more than 800 students of 15 Russian universities, we explore the views of Russian students regarding entrepreneurship as their possible choice of a future career. We are interested above all in the role of university education in shaping these views. However, in order to scrutinize this role to full extent, we place our study in the broader framework of national cultural traditions which constitute an integral contributing factor and underlying influence not only in educational, but also in the general existential realm. In this context, we argue that a substantial impact on the students’ future career choice is made by existing gender differences based on the stereotypes of the ‘typically male’ and ‘female’ employment fields. Our study demonstrates, in particular, that Russian students display—notably, just as the older generation of educated Russians too—a noticeable conservatism in their career choices (including entrepreneurial aspirations), by adhering to the traditional cultural values and gender perceptions. We also provide a nuanced analysis of the motivations and expectations associated with choosing an entrepreneurial career by our respondents. Our method of collecting information is chosen to be questionnaire-based—as most effective for descriptive research—which is then complemented by further qualitative analytics intended to reveal hidden causal connections. Our approach is interdisciplinary, as it combines sociological research methods with socio-economic and culturological analysis.

Качественные методы социологического исследования в рамках сенситивных тематик

The aim of this work is to describe the existing qualitative sociological research methods with a focus on maximizing their potential within the context of sensitive topics. The article explores the functions of qualitative methods, the historical background of their development and implementation in sociology. Furthermore, it delves into the concept of sensitive topics and their specifics, providing a list of suitable methodologies for studying such sociological issues. The study involves the processing of theoretical concepts from a range of authors – both domestic and foreign – who have contributed to the development of qualitative sociological methods in the context of sensitive topics. It is noted that the method of in-depth interviewing has gained recognition as the most effective when applied to sensitive topics. However, it is emphasized that its use is fraught with difficulties not only for respondents but also for researchers, as it exerts significant emotional pressure on both parties. It is concluded that qualitative methods of sociological research demand a high level of expertise from the researcher-practitioner, particularly within sensitive topics. While in-depth interviewing remains a cornerstone approach, its implementation requires sensitivity and skill to navigate complex emotional dynamics. Understanding the nuances of qualitative methods is essential for effectively addressing sensitive sociological issues.

Immunomodulatory therapy of precancers of the cervix – opinion of medical professionals and students

Objective. To assess the relevance of immunomodulatory therapy of precancerous diseases of the cervix among medical professionals and students. Precancerous diseases of the cervix combine pathological processes characterized by the structural changes in the epithelium of the cervix. If not treated, they lead to the development of cervical cancer. At present there are no selective drugs for the human papillomavirus. To administer immunotropic medicines it is necessary to know the mechanism of effect on the immune system. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform (https://vk.com/away.php?utf=1to=https%3A%2F%2Fforms.gle%2FRtT7PktnCrLqBB1x8). The questionnaire is presented as part of a one-stage (cross-sectional) study. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 graphs and tables. Empirical, sociological and statistical research methods were used. The indicators of the structure of the respondents were calculated, the reliability of the differences was determined by the Student's t-criterion, confidence differences were considered at significance of p 0.05. Results. The average age of the respondents was 30.4 ± 10.8 years. 46 people (75.4 %) are aware of the possibility of using immunomodulation as therapy for precancerous diseases of the cervix, and 15 people (24.6 %) are not aware of it. 41 respondents (67.2 %) would administer the therapy themselves and their close people; 12 people (19.7 %) find it difficult to answer; 8 respondents (13.1 %) do not agree to administer the therapy. Conclusions. Medical students have an idea about immunomodulatory therapy in gynecology in 55.9 % of cases. Doctors of different specialties in 100 % of cases are aware of the treatment, see the benefits of prescribing drugs. Students` awareness of the possibilities of immunomodulatory therapy is sufficient, they get additional knowledge from clinical recommendations on the specialty in the practical course.

The role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs for responsible self-treatment

Relevance. In the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, there is the use of drugs by the population without a physician’s appointment (including prescription leave), as well as violation of the principles of responsible self-medication. Under the current conditions, a pharmacist can play a key role in providing pharmaceutical care within the framework of responsible self-treatment and providing citizens with accessible information on the rational use of drugs.Objective. The study of the role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs by visitors of pharmacy organizations.Materials and methods. The study used methods of content analysis, sociological research (observation), comparative and mathematical statistical analysis. Regulatory documents regulating the activities of pharmacists were analyzed, as well as monitoring of pharmacy visitors who applied to a pharmacist in order to purchase drugs.Results. The professional standards of pharmacists contain requirements for ensuring or organizing the rational use of drugs by the population for the purpose of responsible self-treatment. The majority of pharmacy visitors (63.8%) purchase drugs bypassing a medical professional. A significant proportion of buyers (58.7%) do not know or approximately know what caused their poor health. At the same time, the proportion of pharmacy visitors who assume that they do not need to be prescribed by a medical professional is quite high and amounts to 41.3%.Conclusion. A low level of readiness of pharmacy visitors for the rational use of drugs has been established and the need for regular educational work on the part of pharmacists on responsible self-medication has been identified.

LEGAL GOALS AND PRIORITIES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses the priority areas of strategic planning in the field of public safety in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to solve modern problems of ensuring public security in the context of globalization of international life through strategic planning of countermeasures. Materials and methods. The goal of the study was achieved taking into account general scientific and special scientific research methods. The assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken is based on statistical and sociological research methods. Results. The formation of universal and regional measures of crimes against public security at the international and national levels, which is recognized as one of the priority areas of crime prevention, leads to the accumulation of knowledge in the field of doctrinal comprehension and the development of proposals in order to optimize measures for the individual, general and special prevention of crimes against public security. Proposals have been developed to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of new directions in criminal policy focused on the modernization of criminal law and the quality of law enforcement. Findings. It is concluded that in the course of consistent activities to ensure public safety, further modernization of the priority areas of the legal framework for strategic planning is required. It is found that in the process of developing legal means of countering crimes against public security, attention should be paid to the consolidation and coordination at the federal and regional levels of administrative, regulatory, informational, organizational and practical resources that ensure the implementation of general and special preventive measures.

Оrganization of the initial training process for athletes in bodybuilding

The article examines generalized data on approaches to the construction of sports training during the year. The systematization of the data of special scientific and methodical literature on the construction of the training process of athletes in bodybuilding is presented. The article discusses the key components of methodical methods of building the educational and training process of athletes. The training of highly qualified athletes is characterized by a clearly expressed cycle. Unsolved issues of building the training process of highly qualified bodybuilders in the annual macrocycle have been identified. The purpose of the study is to systematize the data of special scientific and methodological literature on the issues of building an education. To achieve this goal, modern methods were developed: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and referenced scientific and methodological literature, sociological research methods. The expansion of the number of competitions, periodic changes in the programs and rules of competitions significantly affect the training system, including its periodization. However, the analysis of numerous innovations in the field of building sports training during the year only shows that they do not in any way contradict the main provisions of the periodization system, but only complement and develop its individual parts, taking into account the features of the modern stage of bodybuilding development.
 Summing up, it should be noted that in the scientific and methodological literature, the specifics of the training process of athletes engaged in bodybuilding have been studied in depth, but the issue of developing training programs taking into account the body structure of athletes remains unresolved. Therefore, research in this direction is relevant for the theory and practice of bodybuilding.

Social care institutions workers of the far eastern federal district awareness on HIV-infection and its significance in providing quality services and lowering self-perceived HIV risk

Objective of the research: to reveal level of awareness and stigmatizing factors that influence service provision, to disclose self-perceived HIV risk of social care workers and a necessity of planning events targeted at increasing their competence concerning the issues of HIV-infection. Materials and methods: by the means of a structured questionnaire, a sociological research was conducted among 386 specialists of social care institutions of 6 constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal district. Mean age of survey participants was 41.5 years, work experience – 11.2 years. Sociological (survey) and analytical research methods were utilized in the study. Results: HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of main medical and social issues of modern days. Specialists of social care institutions will inevitably meet with people living with HIV during their practice. Their insufficient awareness about HIV transmission route, stigmatization of people living with HIV cause fear and reluctance to work with such recipients of the service. Respondents rated their knowledge on the issue of HIV-infection as satisfactory in 74.7%. All participants were well aware of main routs of HIV transmission however, mother-to-child transmission was known only by 66.1% of respondents. A certain lack of knowl­edge was revealed regarding self-perceived HIV risk as well as anxiety regarding working with HIV-infected clients and high rate of alert when working with HIV-positive colleagues. However, up to 25.7% of respondents expressed their readiness to help people living with HIV. Using condoms, disposable medical instruments and personal hygiene items as well as avoiding intravenous drug use were selected by survey participants as measures of HIV-infection prevention. Conclusion: the results of the research indicate insufficient level of awareness on the issue, because of which a con­clusion can be made that there is a certain degree of stigmatization of clients living with HIV receiving social services, as well as existence of self-perceived occupational vulnerability to HIV among social workers. This reveals a necessity of further surveillance over social workers’ knowledge to define priority topics in order to increase their professional competence on the issue of HIV-infection as well as expediency of holding training seminars for specialists of social care institutions contributing to development of their practical skills in work with HIV-positive clients.

The social, demographic and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district therapists of state and private sectors of health care

The article presents comparative analysis of demographic, social and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district therapists in state and private medical organizations. Sociological, statistical and analytical research methods were applied. The study was carried out on the basis of polyclinics of both Moscow Health Department and Moscow private health care sector. The sampling consisted of 399 questionnaires subjected to statistical processing. It is established that in state and private medical organizations, in this group of physicians prevail women 36-55 years old, born in the Russian Federation, in Moscow, married, having children and assessing one's income level as average. Most of them received their higher education in Moscow, graduated residency in therapy and have no medical category or academic degree. The professional experience consists 10 years or more. All physicians in state polyclinics hold more than one position and in private polyclinics 8.6% of physicians are underemployment. In the state sector, paternalistic model of communication with patient is preferable, in the private sector - a collegiate one. In the state sector, the collegiate management style of CEO is convenient and in the private sector - collegiate or dynamic one. In both sectors, adhocratic organizational culture is comfortable. Against the background of readiness to proceed working in current conditions, work in another sector is not excluded. The material factor is considered as main driver of professional motivation. The social, demographic and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district physicians in both sectors of health care in the main are similar, but have their own characteristics.