Knowledge Acquisition Methods Research Articles

A Knowledge Acquisition Method of Ship Coating Defects Based on IHQGA-RS

Coating defects are caused by a series of factors such as the improper operation of workers and the quality of the coating itself. At present, the coating process of all shipyards is inspected and recorded at a specific time after construction, which cannot prevent and control defects scientifically. As a result, coating quality decreases, and production costs increase. Therefore, this paper proposes a knowledge acquisition method based on a rough set (RS) optimized by an improved hybrid quantum genetic algorithm (IHQGA) to guide the ship-coating construction process. Firstly, the probability amplitude is determined according to the individual position of the population, and the adaptive value k is proposed to determine the rotation angle of the quantum gate. On this basis, the simulated annealing algorithm is combined to enhance the local search ability of the algorithm. Finally, the algorithm is applied to rough set attribute reduction to improve the efficiency and accuracy of rough set attribute reduction. The data of 600 painted examples of 210-KBC bulk carriers from a shipyard between 2015 and 2020 are randomly selected to test the knowledge acquisition method proposed in the paper and other knowledge acquisition methods. The results show that the IHQGA attribute approximate reduction algorithm proposed in this paper is the first to reach the optimal adaptation degree of 0.847, the average adaptation degree is better than other algorithms, and the average consumption time is about 10% less than different algorithms, so the IHQGA has more vital and more efficient seeking ability. The knowledge acquisition result based on the IHQGA optimization rough set has 20–50% fewer rules and 5–10% higher accuracy than other methods, and the industry experts have high recognition. The knowledge acquisition method of this paper is validated on a hull segment. The obtained results are consistent with the expert diagnosis results, indicating that the method proposed in this paper has certain practicability.

Retracted] Text Knowledge Acquisition Method of Collaborative Product Design Based on Genetic Algorithm

In order to overcome the problems of poor clustering effect and large error of text knowledge acquisition in traditional text knowledge acquisition methods, a new text knowledge acquisition method of collaborative product design based on genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. The definition of collaborative product design text knowledge clustering is given. According to the operation process of the genetic algorithm, the chromosomes of clustered text are constructed and encoded and the initial population is obtained. The fitness function of clustering is constructed by the DB index evaluation method; the selection, crossover, and mutation operators in the genetic algorithm are determined; and the objective function of collaborative product design text knowledge clustering is constructed. After the text knowledge clustering is completed, the text knowledge data of collaborative product design are obtained in an all‐around way by using the method of rough set and neural network. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional text knowledge acquisition methods, the clustering effect of the proposed method is better and the text knowledge error is reduced up to 0.02.

Fault Tolerant Control Based SFO-Intelligent PID: Application on SynRM for Flywheel Energy Storage Systems -Part I

Reliability, safety, and fault-tolerant control (FTC) for power systems are substantially raised in several industrial applications. It is critical to correctly diagnosis the faults occurring in a drive system to avoid harmful accidents and to ensure continuity of operation. It is necessary to design proper control techniques to recover the faulty system’s performance/functionality to its nominal level. This research work divided into two parts a design scheme of intelligent fault-tolerant control based artificial intelligence techniques (AI) is described and implemented integrates common knowledge acquisition methods with techniques developed in the fields of model-based diagnosis (MBD) to reach the so-called towards intelligent fault tolerant control to provide reliability and maintain the stability of the system in desired performance automatically; This paper presents the first part of this scheme proposes stator-flux oriented (SFO) control with GA-tuned proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The principle is to set the q axis component of stator current invariant during healthy and faulty operating mode. The overall development scheme is summarized and an example illustrates features of the methods performed on a 1.0kW SynRM drive. Results presented have shown that the FT controller scheme developed is potentially capable of dealing with a larger number of faults and can successfully keep a good dynamic performance during faulty mode.

Training needs of N-Power Agro-beneficiaries in Kwara State, Nigeria


 
 
 This study assessed the training needs of N-Power Agro beneficiaries in Kwara State. Simple random sampling was used to select 216 respondents using a questionnaire to collect data while percentages, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used to analyze the data. Training of respondents was assessed using job/task and skill gap analysis. Results showed that rules and regulation governing the job (x̅ = 5.69), knowledge acquisition (x̅ =1.99), field practices (x̅ =1.70), record keeping (x̅ =1.69), and extension service delivery methods (x̅ =1.59) were the areas where training were needed. Extension service delivery methods (x̅ =3.17) was identified as the only gap which training could address. It was found that age (r=0.341), sex (r=0.095) and educational status (r=0.180) were favorable socioeconomic factors determining training needs of respondents at p≤0.05 level of significance. A significant gap exists in what the beneficiaries already know and what they now need to know as they have not been undergoing adequate capacity building training; hence there is a dire need for intensive training to cover the existing gaps for effective productivity of the N-agro beneficiaries in Kwara State.
 
 

Does the Preferred Study Source Impact Orthopedic In-Training Examination Performance?

This study examines the role of electronic learning platforms for medical knowledge acquisition in orthopedic surgery residency training. This study hypothesizes that all methods of medical knowledge acquisition will achieve similar levels of improvement in medical knowledge as measured by change in orthopedic in-training examination (OITE) percentile scores. Our secondary hypothesis is that residents will equally value all study resources for usefulness in acquisition of medical knowledge, preparation for the OITE, and preparation for surgical practice. 9 ACGME accredited orthopedic surgery programs participated with 95% survey completion rate. Survey ranked sources of medical knowledge acquisition and study habits for OITE preparation. Survey results were compared to OITE percentile rank scores. 386 orthopedic surgery residents SETTING: 9 ACGME accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs RESULTS: 82% of participants were utilizing online learning resources (Orthobullets, ResStudy, or JBJS Clinical Classroom) as primary sources of learning. All primary resources showed a primary positive change in OITE score from 2018 to 2019. No specific primary source improved performance more than any other sources. JBJS clinical classroom rated highest for improved medical knowledge and becoming a better surgeon while journal reading was rated highest for OITE preparation. Orthopedic surgery residents' expectation for OITE performance on the 2019 examination was a statistically significant predictor of their change (decrease, stay the same, improve) in OITE percentile scores (p<0.001). Our results showed that no specific preferred study source outperformed other sources. Significantly 82% of residents listed an online learning platform as their primary source which is a significant shift over the last decade. Further investigation into effectiveness of methodologies for electronic learning platforms in medical knowledge acquisition and in improving surgical competency is warranted.

Decision-making technology based on knowledge engineering and experiment on the intelligent water-fertilizer irrigation system

Although the irrigation technologies based on the Decision-making System (DMS) began in the late 1990s, while being merely embryonic from laboratory research into application in the agricultural irrigation areas, DMS based on intelligent algorithms have drawn much attention from the academia over the recent years. In this study, we have provided an overview of the decision-making technology based on knowledge engineering for intelligent irrigation system referred to as Knowledge-based Engineering (KBE). As the modern technical research and scientific theory on agricultural water saving is further developed, the water-fertilizer irrigation is becoming increasingly intelligent. We have put forward the concept of KBE intelligent irrigation system and its support to decision-making in the study, while adopting the techniques and methods of knowledge engineering. In addition, we have combined our research findings with the expert knowledge on the water-fertilizer irrigation in a system integrated with computer network, intelligent reasoning and artificial intelligence (AI), among other modern high-techs. We have set up the decision-making models and analytical methods of irrigation and fertilization for KBE by referring to the expert experience and data of fertilization. Moreover, we have taken into account the web crawler technology in irrigation and fertilization, and we have put forward novel methods of knowledge acquisition based on the web crawler. Correspondingly, we have established the knowledge base for the decision-making support system tailored to irrigation and fertilization. The experiment result shows that the recommended irrigation quota is compared with local cultivation technology experience to obtain a decision accuracy of 81.7%. And the water and fertilizer management plan obtained by the intelligent decision-making system has a thicker stem and higher plant height during the growth period than the crops obtained by local cultivation experience. The output of the decision-making system is 620 kg, which a relative increase of 5.08% is compared with the 590 kg obtained from local cultivation experience.

Knowledge Acquisition and Representation for High-Performance Building Design: A Review for Defining Requirements for Developing a Design Expert System

New functions and requirements of high performance building (HPB) being added and several regulations and certification conditions being reinforced steadily make it harder for designers to decide HPB designs alone. Although many designers wish to rely on HPB consultants for advice, not all projects can afford consultants. We expect that, in the near future, computer aids such as design expert systems can help designers by providing the role of HPB consultants. The effectiveness and success or failure of the solution offered by the expert system must be affected by the quality, systemic structure, resilience, and applicability of expert knowledge. This study aims to set the problem definition and category required for existing HPB designs, and to find the knowledge acquisition and representation methods that are the most suitable to the design expert system based on the literature review. The HPB design literature from the past 10 years revealed that the greatest features of knowledge acquisition and representation are the increasing proportion of computer-based data analytics using machine learning algorithms, whereas rules, frames, and cognitive maps that are derived from heuristics are conventional representation formalisms of traditional expert systems. Moreover, data analytics are applied to not only literally raw data from observations and measurement, but also discrete processed data as the results of simulations or composite rules in order to derive latent rule, hidden pattern, and trends. Furthermore, there is a clear trend that designers prefer the method that decision support tools propose a solution directly as optimizer does. This is due to the lack of resources and time for designers to execute performance evaluation and analysis of alternatives by themselves, even if they have sufficient experience on the HPB. However, because the risk and responsibility for the final design should be taken by designers solely, they are afraid of convenient black box decision making provided by machines. If the process of using the primary knowledge in which frame to reach the solution and how the solution is derived are transparently open to the designers, the solution made by the design expert system will be able to obtain more trust from designers. This transparent decision support process would comply with the requirement specified in a recent design study that designers prefer flexible design environments that give more creative control and freedom over design options, when compared to an automated optimization approach.

A Study on Influence of Psychological Capital of Chinese University Teachers Upon Job Thriving: Based on Motivational Work Behavior as an Intermediary Variable

With the continuous development of the information process, a series of revolutionary changes are occurring in universities such as knowledge acquisition methods, teaching methods, as well as the relation between teaching and learning, which lead to new and higher requirements for teaching staff. Combining the development requirements of China’s new era, starting from the perspective of capital development in universities, we should discuss the influence of universities teachers’ psychological capital on job thriving. Through the literature, we found that the psychological capital of universities teachers cannot affect the job thriving directly. Therefore, we would try to find an intermediary variable-motivational work behavior and establish an intermediary model to study the relationship between variables. Through the establishment of models, the use of empirical analysis methods, analysis the data from electronic questionnaires, use software analysis, and we reveal the role of university teachers’ psychological capital on the job thriving, and how to improve teachers’ job thriving, the organization brings greater benefits to provide countermeasures and suggestions and provides more new enlightenment for the management of universities.

Methods of Knowledge Acquisition in Radiological Nursing Among Basic Nursing Faculty Members in Nursing Schools Throughout Japan, and Their Changing Interests After the 2011 Triple Disaster

Methods of Knowledge Acquisition in Radiological Nursing Among Basic Nursing Faculty Members in Nursing Schools Throughout Japan, and Their Changing Interests After the 2011 Triple Disaster

Experiential learning in simulated conditions

The most valuable resource of contemporary organizations is people, being the sole medium of knowledge. Knowledge that determines not only companies’ successes, but also their very existence. It leads to a question about successful and effective methods of knowledge acquisition. In this context, the focus of the article is on simulation decision-making games. Among other training methods, the games stand out on account of their emphasis on the understanding of problems, phenomena and complex mechanisms as well as practical application of knowledge. This is achieved thanks to a harmonious combination with D. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model, in which experimentation plays a significant role. The objective of the paper is to present results of a survey regarding the impact of simulation decision-making games on the development of managerial abilities. The presentation was preceded by a description of this form of training.

The information impact of network media, the psychological reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic, and online knowledge acquisition: Evidence from Chinese college students

This study focuses on whether network media information about the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the online knowledge acquisition of college students. This research is of great significance, as it can have a profound impact on the way we think about knowledge acquisition in the future. Yet, a recent literature review finds that the academic community has not paid attention to this important topic. In the present work, which is based on a survey of 5000 Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic period, we find that COVID-19 information from mainstream Chinese media and overseas media as well as social media has had a significant promoting effect on the online knowledge acquisition of college students. At the same time, the psychological response to the pandemic situation is shown to have had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between the information impact from mainstream Chinese and overseas media and the online knowledge acquisition of college students. Our findings have shown that the more positive college students are in responding to the pandemic, the stronger their willingness is to acquire knowledge through online means, and the better effect this will have on them acquiring knowledge. The results of this paper have important implications for the optimization and improvement of college students’ education and knowledge acquisition methods in the context of the long-term COVID-19 pandemic.

Developing Undergraduate Students’ Teaching Competences

Abstract Introduction: The goal of this paper is to show how the undergraduate students are able to differentiate among learning-centered, learner-centered, feedback-centered and community-centered knowledge acquisitions. We wanted them to recognize which method is used by the teacher and how each method influences the primary school pupils’ knowledge acquisition. Methods: We chose the video analyzing technique to make the students recognize different learning organizational methods. Results: The results of the study suggest that the observation helped the undergraduate students understand the aims, tasks and techniques of teaching and organizing classroom work. They realized that this type of analysis helps them develop their own teaching strategies. Discussion: Drawing on the results it is not possible to be a “good teacher” without obtaining and continuously maintaining a high level of professional knowledge, whose important element might be the Complex Instruction method and the recognition of the knowledge acquisition methods in the classroom. Limitations: This study was limited to only undergraduate students who attended the study voluntarily. The sampling was confined to 46 participants. Conclusion: The students are able to spot the teacher’s activities that support pupils’ learning. They recognized the positive impact of generating debate among the pupils on the development of their skills.

Decentralized Knowledge Acquisition for Mobile Internet Applications

Mobile internet applications on smart phones dominate large portions of daily life for many people. Conventional machine learning-based knowledge acquisition methods collect users’ data in a centralized server, then train an intelligent model, such as recommendation and prediction, using all the collected data. This knowledge acquisition method raises serious privacy concerns, and also violates the rules of the newly published General Data Protection Regulation. This paper proposes a new attention-augmented federated learning framework that can conduct decentralized knowledge acquisition for mobile Internet application scenarios, such as mobile keyboard suggestions. In particular, the attention mechanism aggregates the decentralized knowledge which has been acquired from each mobile using its own data locally. The centralized server aggregates knowledge without direct access to personal data. Experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework performs better than other baseline methods in terms of perplexity and communication cost.

Interactive technologies application in cognitive activity of students in Medical Biology learning

Objective — review and study of the efficiency of formation personal, professional qualities, necessary knowledge, and skills of medical students using interactive methods in the study of discipline Biology. Material and methods. Introduction to the educational process of interactive learning methods for knowledge acquisition, problem-solving skills, practical skills, professional motivations, and mastering of educational research skills in teaching process of the discipline at the Medical Biology Department of I. Horbachevsky TNMU. Results. The article reveals the peculiarities of modern pedagogical technologies application, which provide optimization of educational process in higher medical institutions. Interactive learning technologies are one of the innovations in the education area that are based on a student-centered approach, and aimed at developing their cognitive activity and also their thinking and responding ability by improving their communication skills. Interactive methods and technologies applying at the Medical Biology department of I. Horbachevsky TNMU not only changes the role of the teacher, but the student becomes a full participant in the educational and cognitive process. The brief description of the interactive methods is illustrated by specific examples from the teaching experience of medical biology teachers. Conclusions. Each method of interactive technology is effective and efficient only if used appropriately. In education these methods allow for achieving potential outcomes not only by integration and deepen of first year student knowledge, but also to acquire the proper level of mastering their content elements: knowledge, skills, professional motivations, educational research experience, etc. This contributes to improving the teaching quality and does not allow the traditional learning tools depreciating, as well as the teacher decisive role in the educational process.

Knowledge Disembodied: From Paper to Digital Media

AbstractPrint and digital media are believed to have shaken religious authority in the Muslim world, essentially because they popularize and pluralize Islamic knowledge. But how exactly did these novel technologies affect the nature of knowledge production and the behavior of scholars and the public? The pages that follow explore the historical relationship between technological developments and the production and transmission of knowledge over the course of Islamic history, commencing with the adoption of paper and concluding with the spread of digital media. A role-based approach is employed to reflect the gradual diminishment of the early methods of knowledge acquisition as “knowledge” came to be commodified according to the market logic of capitalism and subject to mass production and consumption via the technologies of print and electronic media. This approach reflects the interplay between knowledge producers, consumers, and communication mediums. The writer concludes that new media introduces new means of communication and contributes, along with other social, economic, and political factors, to the gradual disintegration of earlier forms of knowledge acquisitions.

Design of Knowledge Map Construction Based on Convolutional Neural Network

With the advent of the Web era, data has exploded, with tens of thousands of textual data being generated every day. Traditional text sentiment analysis methods are mainly based on lexicon and machine learning-based methods. These methods show certain limitations as the data size increases. Here, we propose a new knowledge map design method based on convolutional neural network. For the academic literature data crawled from HowNet and Baidu Academic Website with the theme of computer, the corresponding ontology database, the fusion application of multiple data sources, and the mapping of different ontology libraries through data fusion are constructed for data sources in different fields. The global ontology library then uses the entity alignment and entity link methods for knowledge acquisition and fusion. Finally, the convolutional neural network is used for training and testing. The experimental results show that the subject search task can not only obtain the book through the convolution network, the effective academic literature in the question bank can also be used to obtain the relevance of the keyword in the search results, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.

Sustainability of the Loita Maasai Childrens’ Ethnomedicinal Knowledge

Knowledge and practice of medicinal plant use is embedded in the Maasai culture. However, it is not known how that knowledge and practices are acquired by children and transferred across generations. We assessed children’s knowledge of medicinal plants and their uses, methods of knowledge acquisition and transfer, and how that process is influenced by demographic attributes such as gender, level of education, and age. We interviewed 80 children who were 6–17 years old. Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman Rank order correlation were performed to determine the influence of gender, level of education, and age when they are in the process of acquiring ethnomedicinal plant knowledge. The Maasai children acquired knowledge of medicinal plants progressively with their age. Ethnomedicinal knowledge was not influenced by gender or level of education. The children were introduced to the knowledge of local medicinal plants and their use at an average age of seven years and the knowledge was transferred indiscriminately to both girls and boys. This study aids in the protection and conservation of medicinal plant knowledge by encouraging the sustainability of the local cultural heritage.

Analytical games for knowledge engineering of expert systems in support to Situational Awareness: The Reliability Game case study

Knowledge Acquisition (KA) methods are of paramount importance in the design of intelligent systems. Research is ongoing to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. Analytical games appear to be a promising tool to support KA. In fact, in this paper we describe how analytical games could be used for Knowledge Engineering of Bayesian networks, through the presentation of the case study of the Reliability Game. This game has been developed with the aim of collecting data on the impact of meta-knowledge about sources of information upon human Situational Assessment in a maritime context. In this paper we describe the computational model obtained from the dataset and how the card positions, which reflect a player belief, can be easily converted in subjective probabilities and used to learn latent constructs, such as the source reliability, by applying the Expectation-Maximisation algorithm.

Tactile Phonetics and Digital Impressions to Assist the Hearing and Visual Impaired

“Touch to Feel” is a method consistent with natural behavior and responses. It is commonly prevalent in the living, human and animals alike. With a digital conversion of the signals, more accurate and compressed data can be transmitted to the recipient. A small test was conducted on children with hearing disability and without any training or understanding, in front of public; they were able to identify the digital conversion of phonetic signals presented in a tactile format and matched it easily with the corresponding sentences and words. The purpose of this project was to find means to alleviate the struggle of the disabled to connect with the society with clear understanding and find a normal life in their current environment. Sign language does not give the hearing impaired to connect with all neither do the visually impaired are clearly able to perceive their surroundings. A new method of impression for digital data would help both kinds of disability to efficiently address the issue and improve their perception and understanding of their environment, people and knowledge acquisition methods, so that they a fair opportunity to lead a normal life.

SUBJECT-CENTRED CONTENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS A FACTOR IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF A SPECIALIST

Introduction. Nowadays, extensive processes of globalization, informatization and virtualization have captured all spheres of modern life. These processes require the transition from the traditional knowledge-reproductive training of specialists to the activity focused model in higher school. To implement such a transition, it is necessary to reconsider the organization and methods for student knowledge acquisition of the content of educational programs. The transition has to be centred on the subject of development and knowledge.The aimof the paper is to discuss methodological aspects related to the construction of subject-centred content of higher education and to show its pedagogical capabilities.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the study is performed with the involvement of the regulators of human cognitivetransformational activity, based on the post-non-classical paradigm of cognition; the key principles of the competency-based, activity and personal-centred approaches to training. Theoretical, discursive types of the analysis, content analysis, modelling of pedagogical systems and processes were used to design a conceptual plan of the research and develop its empirical base. Methods of the comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization of practical experience were applied at the stage of an experiment; the hypertext training program was applied during approbation of the developed model for training content.Results and scientific novelty.The essence of the subject-centred approach to designing the content of the higher education was summarized. It is noted that a cognitive component of vocational training is transformed to semantic reality by means of the subject-centred approach. The key concepts of “subject”, “subjectivity” and “subject experience” were clarified from the didactic point of view. The research demonstrates the fundamental difference of the content of a new type from its traditional model where it is considered as an object of acquisition, and from the understanding of the content in the activity concept which provides a way (principle) of activity as its elementary unit. A basic unit of the subjectcentred content of the vocational training is the information resource to be transformed by the subject of the education (a student) to personal knowledge through the following this occupation. The student is a self-conscious member of the information and communication process. Based on the subject and author's representations and estimations which provide constructive interaction with the dynamically changing environment, a future expert generates information relying on wellknown knowledge and learns to apply it in a concrete context, getting social, cultural and professional experience. In this regard, a teacher is not an educational content carrier, but a network of hypermedia texts with architectonic-structural points (information hubs) of axiological knowledge. The role of the teacher consists not in formal transfer of the factual material, but assistance with student independent designing and realization of productive capabilities of students. The two-tiered structure of information resource was described. This structure is caused by the unity of the principles of fundamental nature and professional orientation. The script model of the student experience is schematically shown; the logic of training has to comply with the model outlined. The model of subject-centred content of education demonstrating its procedural character and activity form is presented.Practical significance. The author has proposed a new system organization of the content of higher education using the possibilities of hypertext systems. The proposed system can become the basis for the self-development of future professionals, their mobility in the labour market and the maximum self-realization in the chosen sphere of employment.