Methodological Orientation Research Articles

Trends in Historical Writing Jordan during the First Centennial of the Jordanian State: An Analytical Study of Research Methods and Content

This article focuses on the beginning of interest in historical writing on Jordan as well as on the political trends of those writings about the modern history of Jordan: the official trend, the exaggerated loyalist trend and the political opposition trend. The article also examines the Arab historical writings on Jordan according to research methodology, throughout the ancient, Islamic, Ottoman and modern periods. Their scientific and methodological orientations as well as the authors’ remarks on those writings are included.

Kwe As Resurgent Method

Like Dancing on Our Turtle’s Back and “Land as Pedagogy,” this book was generated from within Nishnaabeg intelligence — Nishnaabeg intellectual practices or, more broadly, Nishnaabewin — rather than the traditional theoretical and methodological orientations of the Western academy (Simpson 2014; 2013; 2011). It is anchored theoretically within the ways my people generate knowledge, through deep reciprocal embodied engagement with Aki, and by participating with full presence in embedded practices — inherent processes that occur within a series of ethical frameworks that, when adhered to, continually generate consent.

Pain Management During West Virginia's Opioid Crisis.

Opioid use disorder has caused significant morbidity and mortality resulting in opioid prescribing limiting laws, such as State Bill 273 in West Virginia. The purpose of this study is to explore the impacts of a restrictive opioid prescription law on physicians in medical practice in West Virginia. A qualitative study with open-ended semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of physicians in West Virginia. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A preliminary code book was developed by 3 coinvestigators. Interview transcriptions were analyzed with a code-based text search query. Content analysis was utilized as the methodological orientation underpinning for the current work. Interviews were conducted with 20 physicians (10 primary care physicians and 10 specialty physicians) in practice in West Virginia. Physicians identified 5 theoretical domains related to SB273: changing opioid prescribing and documentation requirements; rural socioeconomic disparities; a continuum between chronic pain and substance use disorder; difficulty in balancing patient needs and the concern for diversion; lack of available alternatives to opioids for chronic. Prescribing opioids in rural West Virginia is complex due to identified challenges. Recommendations for opioids prescribing legislation include clear messaging of guidelines and recommendations, efforts to address socioeconomic disparities of health and pain, and improved accessibility for treatment of both pain and dependence in rural communities are important areas of growth in the rural health care environment.

FEATURES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON INCREASE OF PHYSICAL WORKABILITY OF FEMALE STUDENTS AND THE COURSE

The article analyzes the influence of physical education classes on the improvement of physical performance of female students of higher education institutions. It has been proven that the inadequacy of the content and volume of physical education in institutions of higher education is not able to fully solve the complex of tasks of physical improvement, spiritual and intellectual development of students of higher education. It was established that the low effectiveness of the implementation of the physical education program in institutions of higher education is caused not only by the lack of time allocated for mandatory physical education classes, but also by the insufficient development of scientifically based methods of building the educational process of physical education. In this regard, the indicated shortcomings in the system of compulsory classes are intended to compensate for self-active and independent forms of physical education organization under the conditions of leisure time, the potential possibilities of which attract the increased attention of modern theoreticians and practitioners. The independent process of physical improvement of female students determines the strengthening of the educational and methodological orientation of the pedagogical process, the assimilation of knowledge by female students that would allow them to rationally carry out physical and sports activities using various means of physical culture, traditional and non-traditional methods of physical education, as well as the full use of free time, increasing educational orientation of physical education specifically in the conditions of leisure time

COVID-19’S INFLUENCE ON AFRICA’S UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE DOMAIN: DEBRIEFING SOUTH AFRICA–NIGERIA SETTINGS

Studies acknowledge that COVID-19 is a game-changer resulting in an operational “new normal” across organizational endeavours including university governance. One effect of COVID-19 on social change organizations like universities in Africa is that it intensified operational disruptions. The study utilizes narrative analysis to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on university governance using South Africa-Nigeria settings as a template to generalize for Africa. Its data stems from a methodological qualitative orientation, implying that the narrations derive from unstructured interviews with key players within the university system. It is anchored on a conceptual framework founded on the ontology of African administrative and organizational culture that dialectically prompts epistemological analysis. The ontology facet deals with the status quo of university governance before COVID-19, denoting universities as mini societies reflecting the continent’s general operational culture. The epistemology aspect dealt with knowledge generation, indicating innovation African universities need to adopt to operate effectually during and aftermath of COVID-19. It finds that e-university governance application in Nigeria is underdeveloped compared to South Africa’s model which is basic. However, it concludes that improved investment in digitalizing operations of universities is imperative for their successful governance in a postCOVID-19 pandemic epoch in Africa.

Is the American Public Really Turning Away from Democracy? Backsliding and the Conceptual Challenges of Understanding Public Attitudes

Recent scholarship has warned that the American public is turning away from democracy, with many focusing on the role of polarization in driving these trends. While these studies devote a great deal of attention to conceptualizing and measuring polarization, however, there is much less attention to the concept of democracy itself. As a result, they encounter several problems: First, lack of attention to the categorical and contextual differences between various democratic transgressions can lead to misleading findings. Second, slippage between macro and micro level analysis of backsliding can make it difficult to draw solid inferences about attitudes. Finally, lack of attention to contestation within the concept of democracy obscures a different kind of regime contention reflected in public attitudes. These problems confound efforts to understand whether the American public is truly turning away from democracy and point to the need for greater collaboration among scholars from different intellectual traditions and methodological orientations.

De 'youtubers' a 'cultubers'. Un fenómeno de divulgación académica, cultural y científica en YouTube

El término youtuber ha arrastrado connotaciones negativas cuando se ha visto reducido únicamente para definir a los creadores de YouTube ligados al sector del videojuego y el entretenimiento. Paralelamente al éxito cuantitativo de este tipo de youtubers, en los últimos años han ido emergiendo en esta plataforma divulgadores de prácticamente la totalidad de campos académicos, culturales y científicos. Dentro de la realidad digital de habla hispana, han surgido comunidades como Cultube que reúnen a este tipo de creadores y promocionan esta nueva vía de divulgación científica en la red social de vídeo con mayor popularidad. Basándonos en una metodología cualitativa a partir de la teoría fundamentada, este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis semiótico-discursivo realizado sobre la totalidad de las intervenciones efectuadas en las tres ediciones de Cultube celebradas hasta la fecha: 2018, 2019 y 2021. Este caso de estudio sirve también para profundizar en el fenómeno global y creciente de los divulgadores científicos en YouTube, su papel en la democratización mundial del aprendizaje asociada a los nuevos medios y sus potencialidades para el futuro.

«Gründrisse einer öekonometrie» – економетрична бухгалтерська теорія розроблена на рубежі ХІХ–ХХ ст.

The content and subject orientation of accounting (balance) econometric theory are revealed, the level of substantiation of its use of macroeconomic approaches and mathematical apparatus as auxiliary means for increasing the reliability of quantitative measurement (quantification) of property and capital actually existing at a separate enterprise is assessed. The parameters and conceptual and methodological orientation of this development, presented by a new system of measuring values in the economy on the basis of accounting information, are studied. The level of argumentation of selection in the accounting system of additional tools for the development of the theoretical basis of accounting is analyzed and the possibilities of their practical application are evaluated. The results of comparative analysis of the basic principles of the studied theoretical development with the principles and content of building the basic foundations of "traditional" econometrics with the allocation of problematic aspects in the methods of econometric modeling. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption of the development in the study work of individual ideas that can be rationally used for the development of modern accounting and econometric paradigms. The research concept is constructed as follows: in the first part the generalized comparative analysis of bases and principles of construction of econometric concepts is carried out. The second part of this historical-accounting and interdisciplinary research reveals a panorama of the then institutional environment of Austro-Hungarian Galicia at the turn of the century, whose activities influenced the development of the theoretical principles of accounting in this development. The third part of the research presents the results of critical analysis and evaluation of methodological and methodological approaches to the display of objects of accounting and reporting, the possibility of using mathematical modeling tools in practical accounting. The methodological principles of the research are based on the general scientific principles of historical knowledge and critical comprehension of the studied material, which together with the application of the comparative-historical method allowed to reveal the scientific value of the studied development. The possibility and expediency of using certain aspects of the studied development for the modern development of accounting and econometric science are determined and substantiated.

A public policy analysis with key stakeholders' insights to understand India's compliance with the WHO framework convention on tobacco control.

BackgroundTobacco-related morbidity and mortality is a global public health challenge. India is the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world. The present paper synthesises the data from qualitative interviews of experts working in the field of tobacco control alongside a critical analysis of the national tobacco control policy of India.MethodsThe research methods adopted for the present work included the following: 1) qualitative in-depth interview of experts and analysis of the qualitative data using thematic analysis; 2) searching existing literature and secondary data on the national tobacco policy and analysing the same using the methodological orientation of qualitative content analysis; and 3) health policy analysis of the national tobacco policy. Themes and sub-themes obtained from the two approaches were compared to generate meaning.ResultsNine experts (three women and six men) participated in the in-depth qualitative interviews from a variety of professional backgrounds (preventive oncology researcher, tobacco cessation specialist, public health expert, clinicians and human rights activists). The systematic and comprehensive literature search resulted in finding 14 research papers, reviews, policy documents and commentaries on the tobacco epidemic in India. The various themes that emerged from the qualitative interviews that found support from secondary data as well were: ‘Conflicting policies of Government: Promoting tobacco production and at the same time restricting its use’, ‘Failure to shield from influence of tobacco industry’, ‘Demand reduction proposals through taxation and pricing’, ‘Legislation to protect from and reduce the harm of second-hand smoking’, ‘Health warning on packaging and labelling of tobacco products’, ‘Promotion and advertisement of tobacco products’, ‘Prohibiting production by and sale to minors’.DiscussionThe control of a tobacco epidemic has multiple structural and functional challenges embedded in the complexity of the public–private interfaces, socio-economic forces, conflicting interests of the stakeholders and diverse nature of the problem. Any intervention planned to reduce the tobacco usage at a population level needs to take these factors into consideration.

SURMOUNTING NIGERIA’S PRESENT INSECURITY: ESSENTIALITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS’ POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

Nigeria’s present insecurity situation has compelled various theories aimed at surmounting the condition. However, most of the theories emphasize ethno-religious dimensions than the character of policymaking to overcome the insecurity. Pundits barely deliberate the nexus between Nigeria’s present insecurity and relegation of local governments’ political communication (LGPC) in intergovernmental policymaking relations (IPR) to neutralize the circumstance. Incidentally, the overwhelming victims of Nigeria’s present insecurity domicile within local government jurisdictions. Consequently, the study aims to accentuate what LGPC offers the Nigerian state to overcome the recent insecurity. Its all-encompassing objective is to promote consideration of LGPC in IPR to effectively overwhelm the current insecurity. It eclectically deploys political communication theory, a constructed Functional Intergovernmental Relations Model and political culture theory as its theoretic framework of analysis. The study’s methodological orientation is explorative qualitative research design, based on secondary analyzed textual and interview qualitative data. It finds that non-consideration of LGPC as inputs – utilizing Nigerian local governments’ experiences, advocacies, activisms, human cum material resources and policy suggestions - in the IPR to mitigate the insecurity ultimately worsens the circumstance. Incessant discounting of local government inputs in the problem-solving policymaking schemes by the higher tiers demonstrates why Nigeria's present insecurity remains intractable. The reality of IPR in Nigeria is that feedback of local governments for the resolution of societal disorders like insecurity is habitually disregarded. Conclusively, the study theorizes that Nigeria's present insecurity will continue to exacerbate if local government contributions are not considered in the alleviation dynamics.

Learning strategies in action

This paper reports the results of a study which aimed to investigate how an intervention for the development of learning strategies helps students to build self-regulation in learning and to learn English as a foreign language. The intervention was part of a first-year English course in a foreign language program that followed a task-based methodological orientation. The intervention was implemented in four phases: planning, presentation, instruction, and evaluation and engaged students in the development of two tasks, involving contextaware learning with the use of strategies: cognitive, metacognitive, memory, affective, and social. The evaluation of results demonstrated that students develop a positive attitude facing learning and raised awareness about the importance of using strategies. However, the strategies used by students were of direct type, related to linguistic aspects learning. This means that the intervention did not achieve to develop indirect strategies, particularly metacognitive, which demand reflection for making critical learning decisions. This shows that a shortterm intervention is not enough to promote self-regulation in learning and that a long-term intervention would be required.

Estimating the quality of preschool education: methodological orientation

The article positioned the current topical problem of estimating the quality of preschool education in terms of its methodological orientation. The concept of "preschool age" in a broad sense covers all children from birth to 6-7 years. Preschool education is defined as a overall process aimed at ensuring the harmonious development of preschool children in accordance with its inclinations, abilities, individual, mental and physical characteristics, cultural needs; gaining life and social experience. We understand the quality of preschool education as providing an opportunity for a child to choose an individual educational way based on a variety of subject, forms, and methods of working with children; ensuring social protection of the child from incompetent pedagogical actions; guarantee that each child will achieve the minimum required level of preparation for successful learning in primary school. Methods and forms of studying and estimating the quality of results of preschool education are clarified: control, analysis of educational activity of pre-school educational institution and its results; analysis and estimating of the quality of development and upbringing of children of different preschool ages in accordance with state standards for the acquisition of various educational competencies and holistic development of children. During the long period, estimating of the quality of preschool education in Ukraine was mainly carried out in the following areas: control, analysis, evaluation of the activity of pre-school educational institution; (comprehensive analysis and estimating of the quality of ZDO activities; pedagogical analysis of estimating the quality of the educational process of a particular age group (educational activity of the educator); pedagogical analysis of the quality of children's development (complex, thematic) of a certain age category; monitoring the quality of methodical work of ZDO or educator-methodologist. The article describes new methods of estimating the quality of preschool education, in particular, the qualimetric method of G. Yelnikova, according to it the criterion of estimation is the subject of educational areas of base component of preschool education in other words the final results are acquired by the child (competencies) for each educational area according to the amount of scored points, taking into account the biological maturity of the child. The specifics of the foreign methodology for estimating the quality of the educational environment of the ЗДО (ECERS-3) are revealed, according to which an experimental research was initiated in the 200s of ЗДО of Ukraine and a cohort of experts was prepared. The main method of estimating the quality of the educational environment of pre-school educational institution is passive monitoring of the activities of educators, children and other employees of pre-school educational institution. Experts draw up protocols for 35 parameters according to each of the 7 scales of this methodology.

Neither complements nor substitutes: Examining the case for coalignment of contract-based and relation-based alliance governance mechanisms in coopetition contexts

Although the extant literature recognizes that the contract-based and relation-based alliance governance mechanisms (AGMs) play a significant role in the success of alliances, the nature of their interplay still remains ambiguous. In this study, we move away from the traditional debate between contract- and relation-based AGMs as substitutes versus complements. Instead, we offer the notion of “fit” or the “coalignment” as a more appropriate frame to explain the interplay between contract- and relation-based AGMs in the coopetition context. We conceptualize ‘Coalignment of Alliance Governance Mechanisms’ (CAGM) as a distinct higher-order construct and outline a methodological orientation to estimate the coalignment of the two forms of AGMs. We conduct a longitudinal study using primary data from 320 matched coopetition alliances in high-technology research-intensive sectors in India and find that the CAGM explains better the impact of governance mechanisms on value creation in coopetition alliances.

ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ВИВЧЕННЯ РІВНІВ СФОРМОВАНОСТІ СВІТОСПРИЙНЯТТЯ У ДІТЕЙ 5–6 РОКІВ

The article is devoted to the problem of forming world perception in children 5–6 years. The relevance of the study is determined by: the lack of theoretical and experimental research in this area, conducted with children of this age; the importance of this age, when the child has the ability to perceive the world, the primary fragmentary worldview is formed, the subordination of motives, the child is well oriented in the categories of good and evil; demand for pedagogical practice of developing methodological orientation to optimize the process of forming world perception in children 5–6 years in preschool and family. Scientific views on the definition of the essence of the concept of «world perception» as a certain experience of forming cognitive ideas about the world with the help of visual images – perceptions are analyzed. The importance of this process in the life of olderpreschoolers is revealed. The components of world perception, which include the processes of perception (sensory reflection of objective reality), cognition (creative activity of the child to master reality) and reflection (generalized image of objects or phenomena of objective reality) are identified.  Features of experimental study of levels of formation of world perception of children at the given age period are detailed. The method of the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment is substantiated, one of the tasks of which was to determine and analyze the levels of formation perception of children aged 5–6. The structure of the studied process is determined, which includes three components: cognitive (a set of knowledge and ideas about the world, acquired on the basis of individual life experience and expressed in the value orientations of the individual); emotional and value (attitude to the surrounding reality and to oneself due to awareness of one’s own feelings about the objects perceived by the child) and behavioral (direct possibility of dialogical interaction with the outside world on the basis of humanism); the level of formation of the child’s world perception depends on the degree of formation each of these components. Levels of formation of world perception at children of 5–6 years are defined and characterized, for instance: high, sufficient, average and low.

Archives, Rhetorical Absence, and Critical Imagination: Examining Black Women's Mental Health Narratives at Virginia's Central State Hospital

<bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Introduction:</b> This article examines the rhetorical implications of archiving technical documents by studying the erasure of Black women's mental health narratives in Virginia's Central State Mental Hospital in the late 1800s and early 1900s. This article seeks to examine how historical mental health documents characterize (or fail to characterize) Black women and their mental health. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">About the case:</b> We examine Black women's mental health experiences through absences in the annual reports from Central State Hospital in Virginia (formerly Central State Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane). <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Situating the case:</b> There is a dearth of work related to the unique experiences that Black women face when dealing with mental health challenges coupled with or compounded by a legacy of misogynoir. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Methods/approach:</b> We offer an inventive approach for reading rhetorical absences and provide guiding questions for employing the critical archival inquiry methodology. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Results/discussion:</b> In taking on this endeavor to learn more about how Black women's mental health was represented in historical archives, we learned a great deal, not from the text on the page of the documents but from the text that was missing from those documents. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Conclusions:</b> Technical communication scholars, especially those with an interest in inclusion and justice, must adjust their methodological orientation and their approaches to historical and archival research to include an exploration of what is missing from the archives. Technical and professional communicators have a unique skill set that is ideal for reading through absences and erasures in both contemporary and historical documents.

With and Without, Wise and Otherwise, José and José

With and Without, Wise and Otherwise, José and <i>José</i>

A century of Public Administration: Traveling through time and topics

AbstractPublic Administration (PA) has been a unique witness and protagonist of scholarship in the field of public administration over the course of an entire century. On the occasion of the journal's 100th anniversary, we conduct a systematic analysis of the publication history using bibliometric methods enhanced by natural language processing. The findings show how disciplinary influences, geographical settings, and methodological orientations have changed over time. In our main analysis, we extract 63 thematic clusters on the basis of linguistic similarities and track their evolution through five eras of PA scholarship. Overall, the results show both the journal's strong British roots and its evolvement toward an increasingly international, interdisciplinary, and dynamic community. The findings also indicate the state of the field as a “fragmented adhocracy,” with changing modes of differentiation over time.

United Nations (UN) Disaster Risk Reduction Framework: Case Study of the Portuguese Army on UN Challenges in the Context of Sustainable Risk Mitigation

The United Nations (UN) in the context of disaster risk reduction has been sensitizing governments and all citizens to the need to develop mechanisms that contribute to preventing risks and reducing vulnerabilities regarding serious accidents or disasters. The search for an adequate response to the different types of accidents is a social demand; leading civil protection authorities, together with other national entities, namely the Armed Forces, to create diverse response mechanisms. This research intends to call the reader’s attention and awareness to disaster risk reduction, characterizing the UN policy, and evaluating the Portuguese Army’s capacity for organizational change. This article follows a case study research strategy, considering a deductive reasoning structure and a qualitative methodological orientation. The evolution of the UN’s growing concern with disaster risk reduction over time will be studied, and the way in which the Portuguese military has adapted to the new challenges promoted by the UN will be discussed.

Findings From an Empirical Exploration of Evaluators’ Values

Psychological theory suggests that evaluators’ individual values and traits play a fundamental role in evaluation practice, though few empirical studies have explored those constructs in evaluators. This paper describes an empirical study on evaluators’ individual, work, and political values, as well as their personality traits to predict evaluation practice and methodological orientation. The results suggest evaluators value benevolence, achievement, and universalism; they lean socially liberal but are slightly more conservative on fiscal issues; and they tend to be conscientious, agreeable, and open to new experiences. In the workplace, evaluators value competence and opportunities for growth, as well as status and independence. These constructs did not statistically predict evaluation practice, though some workplace values and individual values predicted quantitative methodological orientation. We conclude by discussing strengths, limitations, and next steps for this line of research.

A Scoping Review on Practicum of Turkish Pre-Service EFL Teachers during COVID-19

The practicum period is a crucial component of teacher education as it embodies the first phases into "real" teaching and thus provides a leap into professional transformation and growth on the side of pre-service teachers. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic jeopardized this period and placed the educational contexts at stake in providing that reality. Within this frame, the present study focuses on the research conducted on the practicum period of Turkish pre-service teachers of English during the pandemic. More specifically, the research question that the article addresses is “what is the nature of studies conducted about Turkish pre-service EFL teachers’ practicum period during the COVID-19 pandemic concerning their characteristics, methodologies and contributions to the field?” With the aim of answering the research question, the seven studies conducted in Turkey regarding the practicum during the pandemic were collected and analyzed as to their bibliographic features, methodological orientations, foci and context, with a scoping review methodology. This scoping review demonstrated both positive/beneficial and negative/challenging aspects of the pandemic period for the English language teacher education context of Turkey. The results of the present study displayed a wider lens in perceiving the English language teaching and teacher education settings during both such emergencies and transition from existing to 'new normal'.