Methodological Orientation Research Articles

40 years of research into children’s irony comprehension

Abstract Children’s ability to understand irony is believed to be acquired late compared to other pragmatic skills. To explore this assertion, this article presents a review of four decades of research, to determine the age at which children actually do become capable of understanding ironic utterances, and what the crucial influencing factors are. As this systematic examination of the state of research shows, children do indeed seem to gain an understanding of irony later than other forms of non-literal language. In seeking an explanation for this finding, this article discusses the methodological orientation of previous research. It might be that the predominant use of offline methods, especially metalinguistic judgment tasks, paints a somewhat distorted picture of children’s irony comprehension. The article therefore argues for the use of eye-tracking, and a re-examination of the thesis of late acquisition of irony comprehension in children in the near future.

Correction: Mapping fear of crime: defining methodological orientations

Correction: Mapping fear of crime: defining methodological orientations

Twelve Myths of Litvinism

The article is devoted to the critical analysis of the whole complex of the main postulates of the ideology of Litvinism pertinent to the Belarusian history of the Middle Ages, modern and recent times, as one of the competing approaches to the defi nition of Belarusian identity in the context of the scientifi c and historical reliability of the national idea as a worldview system and the ideal of socio-humanitarian knowledge. The author reveals the methodological orientation of Litvinism towards ethno-constructivism, the spread of which is caused by the “geopolitical fractures” in the era of globalization, with an external appeal to primordialism. He proves the compliance of the Litvinist doctrine with the list of the main signs of pseudoscience and offers productive methodological principles of protection against the mythologization of the history of Belarus.

Labor insertion from the perspective of university students: the current panorama of recently graduated alumni with social service and internship in covid confinement times

In this research work, the current employment situation presented by graduates of the Public Accounting Degree of the Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco who experienced their Social Service and Professional Practices in times of confinement was identified. A review process was carried out on the benefits of acquiring work experience before finishing the undergraduate studies and the main profiles or skills that accounting firms seek to hire an accounting assistant were analyzed. The methodological orientation at first had a descriptive approach. It started from secondary sources such as: books, articles, magazines and electronic pages. A review process was carried out in 4 different job boards related to accounting. In the second instance, through the survey technique, information was collected about the context and current situation of the graduates, about how they did in their social service and professional practices, what skills they learned and even how many have found a job or because they are not employed yet. At a last moment, this work had a correlational scope, since the impact or influence that the pandemic had on students was related with respect to their low or no opportunity to acquire work experience and how it affects their beginnings. In this sense, representative statistical information was obtained on the current employment situation of recent graduates. Thus, future Public Accounting applicants know information and hard data about the state of the labor market and what skills and competencies they will have to develop.

What can the citations of systematic reviews of ethical literature tell us about their use?—an explorative empirical analysis of 31 reviews

BackgroundSystematic reviews of ethical literature (SREL) aim at providing an overview of ethical issues, arguments, or concepts on a specific ethical topic. As SREL are becoming more common, their methodology and possible impact are increasingly subjected to critical considerations. Because they analyse and synthetise normative literature, SREL are likely to be used differently than typical systematic reviews. Still, the uses and the expected purposes of SREL were, to date, mainly theoretically discussed. Our explorative study aimed at gaining preliminary empirical insights into the actual uses of SREL.MethodsCitations of SREL in publications, both scientific and non-scientific, were taken as proxy for SREL uses. The citations of 31 published SREL were systematically searched on Google Scholar. Each citation was qualitatively analysed to determine its function. The resulting categorisation of SREL citations was further quantitatively investigated to unveil possible trends.ResultsThe analysis of the resulting sample of SREL citations (n=1812) showed that the selected SREL were mostly cited to support claims about ethical issues, arguments, or concepts, but also to merely mention the existence of literature on a given topic. In this sample, SREL were cited predominantly within empirical publications in journals from various academic fields, indicating a broad, field-independent use of such systematic reviews. The selected SREL were also used as methodological orientations either for the conduct of SREL or for the practical and ethically sensitive conduct of empirical studies.ConclusionsIn our sample, SREL were rarely used to develop guidelines or to derive ethical recommendations, as it is often postulated in the theoretical literature. The findings of this study constitute a valuable preliminary empirical input in the current methodological debate on SREL and could contribute to developing strategies to align expected purposes with actual uses of SREL.

A scoping review of resilience among transition-age youth with serious mental illness: tensions, knowledge gaps, and future directions

IntroductionThe study of resilience among transition-age youth (aged 16–29 years) living with serious mental illness (SMI) has provided a promising new direction for research with the capacity to explore individuals’ strengths and resources. However, variability in how resilience is defined and measured has led to a lack of conceptual clarity. A comprehensive synthesis is needed to understand current trends and gaps in resilience research among this population. The purpose of the current study was to map how resilience has been conceptualized and operationalized among transition-age youth with SMI, explore resilience factors and outcomes that have been studied, and recommend areas for future research.MethodsA six-stage scoping review methodology was used to systematically identify relevant empirical literature across multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, Scopus), addressing transition-age youth diagnosed with SMI and resilience. Topic consultation and reaction meetings were conducted to gather feedback from transition-age youth with SMI, researchers, and clinicians during the review process to enhance the applicability of the review findings. A meta-narrative approach was used to organize included studies into research traditions (i.e., paradigms of inquiry with similar storylines, theoretical and methodological orientations). Resilience factors and outcomes, and the consultative meetings, were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsTwenty-four studies met inclusion criteria (14 quantitative, 9 qualitative, 1 mixed-method). Four research traditions were identified, each contributing a unique storyline which conceptualized and operationalized resilience in slightly different ways: Stress Adaptation, Person-Environment Interactions, Recovery-Focused, and Critical and Cultural Perspectives. Resilience factors and outcomes were most commonly evaluated at the individual-level or within the immediate environment (e.g., personal characteristics, social support networks). Limited research has explored the influence of macro-level systems and health inequalities on resilience processes. Results from the consultative meetings further demonstrated the importance of health services and sociocultural factors in shaping processes of resilience among youth.ConclusionThe present results may be used to inform future work, as well as the development of age-appropriate, strengths-based, and resilience-oriented approaches to service delivery. Interdisciplinary and intersectional research that prioritizes community and youth engagement is needed to advance current understandings of resilience among transition-age youth with SMI.

Theoretical and methodological foundations for safe social behavior

In modern conditions much attention is paid to the issues of comprehensive security of children, which is reflected in the normative acts of the sphere of education. The important role in this process belongs to education. The progressing aggression, criminalization of adolescent environment, models of behavior deviating from social norms actualize the need to comprehend the concept of “safe social behavior”. The aim of the article is to carry out theoretical and methodological substantiation of the essence of the concept “safe social behavior”. Methodology and research methods. The general methodology of the study is represented by personal and activity approach, which allows to consider activity as a condition of accumulation of knowledge, gaining experience of safe social behavior; axiological approach – methodological orientation to define safe social behavior as an actual value for a modern person. The theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical literature, Internet resources on the considered problem, systematization and theoretical generalization of the obtained data were used within the framework of this research. Results of the research. As a result of the theoretical analysis the essential characteristics of the concept of “safe social behavior” were identified. The substantiation of the relationship of safety, social behavior was carried out, the concept of “safe type of behavior personality” was clarified. The distinctive features of safe social behavior were determined. Conclusion. Safe social behavior is a complex socio-pedagogical phenomenon, affecting the problem field of education, socialization, personal changes. The model of behavior is based on the recognition of the value of social security, gaining knowledge, expanding social experience. Personal characteristics of an individual with safe behavior include social tolerance, desire for cooperation, the ability to find conflict-free ways of solving problems. Socio-pedagogical results of safe social behavior can be positive socialization, the inclusion of social security in their own hierarchy of values, the formation of subjectivity.

Improving the quality of reporting findings using computer data analysis applications in educational research in context

Data analysis is an important step in the research process as it influences the quality and standard of reporting research findings. Based on a review of the content of 255 doctorate theses, the use of computer applications for data analysis in educational research was assessed. It was feasible to assess how extensively used and accepted computer packages had become in educational research using an aspect of the diffusion of innovations theory as part of the conceptual framework. The results showed that the use of computer applications to analyse data was more prevalent among researchers using quantitative and mixed-methods research methodologies than among qualitative educational researchers. Educational researchers have not yet fully adopted innovative computer data analysis techniques in their research. It is evident that they use traditional technologies more than computer applications in their research. Name dropping of the computer applications used without employing the language or visualisations features provided by the applications was rife. This article bridges the gap between methodological scholarship and the use of computer applications in data analysis. It illuminates the potential of computer software to enhance the quality of the reporting of findings. The article aims to contribute to improvements in the standard of research reporting and the attributes of the graduates. The practical methodological advice in this article is aimed at guiding researchers who consider using computer packages in data analysis, irrespective of their methodological orientation. It stimulates debate on the use of computer applications in data analysis.

‘Like every other day’: Writing temporalities of banal exploitation among precarious migrant workers

AbstractThe violence of precarious labour migration is often represented in popular and policy accounts through episodic frames that emphasise particular—often sensationalised and extreme—aspects and moments of more complex and mundane experiences. These depictions commonly appear under the labels of ‘modern‐day slavery’ and ‘labour trafficking’. This paper advances a participatory methodology aimed at elucidating more complex temporalities experienced by precarious migrant labourers, drawing on a project with male migrant workers in Singapore. The methodology developed for this project centres on written diaries/narratives authored by the participants over periods ranging from one to three months. These detailed narratives document struggles—physically, relationally, financially and emotionally—in the context of post‐labour destitution. These struggles appear as both ‘everyday’ difficulties and longer‐term problems, with both temporalities rendered visible as a form of slow violence. This methodology fuses key principles of qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) methods with participatory action research (PAR) to develop a methodological orientation to temporally extenuative experiences of violence that are visible through processes that draw on participants as key producers of knowledge and advocates for change. As a way of engaging migrants' mundane post‐labour struggles, this methodology allows for tracing of the longer‐term and cumulative impacts of precarious migrant labour through participants' own frames of reference.

Съвременни подходи при усъвършенстване на гласово-говорните умения на оратора и презентатора

Abstract: In the age of digital communications and high technologies, voice-speaking skills are of particular importance to good performance and success. Well-developed skills can be the key to achieving a successful career. New knowledge and techniques gained in the field of neurolinguistics and psychotechniques provide new opportunities to improve voice-speaking skills through training in modern formats. Therefore, there is a growing need for new methods aiming to improve communication skills. In this paper, through the method of participant observation, best practices of trainings with business representatives are presented, in which neurolinguistic techniques and psychotechniques, which are scientifically proven and which are effective from a methodological point of view, play a major role. Some of the trainings include individual sessions with a voice coach or group trainings where personalised help and development of communication skills can be obtained. The article has a methodological and practical-applied orientation and focuses on new perspectives for applying the methodological heritage of rhetoric schools and courses in stage speech and oratory in combination with modern training methods. Keywords: orator, presenter, rhetoric, voice-speaking skills, psychotechniques, neurolinguistics, training.

Mapping fear of crime: defining methodological orientations

Mapping fear of crime: defining methodological orientations

Методологические ориентиры историографии русской философии (40–90-е годы XX века)

This article provides an excursus into the field of tendencies and substantive features of the development of historiography of Russian philosophy in 40–90s of XX century. Provisions on multidimensionality and com-plexity of its methodological guidelines are denoted. As the main methodological trend in the development of the historiography of Russian philosophy, the orientation towards Marxist methodology, which focused on the analysis of the history of the spread of philosophical ideas in the USSR, is highlighted. It is emphasized that political changes in the 1950s, which entailed a change in the methodological orientation of the Soviet philoso-phers, were reflected in their focus on the interpretation of the specifics of national thought in the multinational USSR. In subsequent years, in the historiographical space of Russian philosophy, there was a systematization of methodological variations in the interpretation of formal and substantive features of Russian philosophy. In the run-up to the “crucial” 1990s, and primarily in the context of European philosophical thought, there emerged a tendency to single out periods of the “foreign renaissance” and “Soviet Marxism” in the history of Russian philosophy. As a methodological variation of the historiography of Russian philosophy at the threshold of the XXI century the tendency to popularize philosophical science, which actualized the enlightenment emphasis in the development of domestic philosophical thought.

The evaluation: its concept and objectives

Evaluation is an essential element for measuring the level of competence and ensuring the degree of performance, and it is necessary for every progress or growth, and in the sciences of education and applied instruction, no method can be dispensed with, regardless of its theoretical and methodological orientations, as it helps to generate skills, create skills, improve performance, and raise returns in all life affairs, especially education, where - the evaluation - plays an effective role in the development of the educational process, as through it, it is possible to distinguish between the strengths and weaknesses of any educational program at various levels and educational stages. Various educational practices have proven the importance of this topic and its necessity for all elements The educational process that includes the teacher, the learner, the curriculum, teaching methods, and evaluation methods.

Сучасні концепції нації-держави у призмі архетипної методології

The paper dwells on the nation-state’s future in the information age. The futuristic tour of the nation-state’s future leaves a wide field for reflection and research. It is time to create a qualitatively new postmodern concept of the nation as opposed to the traditional industrial-modern one, which will help the modern man not only to moderately distance himself from the globalization foundations of world life but also to create a kind of axio-resistant for the nation-state. The object of research is the entire sphere of national consciousness through the prism of the research of modern Western theoreticians of the nation in spectral analysis. The research subject is the sociological concept of the nation (D. Schnapper) and the political and legal concept of triad nationalism (R. Brubaker). The main idea is to find out the specifics of the theoretical load of the supramodern Western concepts of nation and nationalism, to analyze and compare the concepts of modern theorists of the nation with modern ones, to create a new strategic theory of the development of the nation-state in the information age, to prove the impossibility of the nation-state in changing conditions of the globalized 21st century. The author determines the cognitive value and intellectual load of the theoretical decline and praxeological aspects of modern scientific versions of the nation and nationalism and the heuristic potential that can give impetus to constructing a new theory of strategic development of the nation-state in the 21st century. The methodological orientations of the problem of the position of the national state in the era of global society are clarified in comparison with theoreticians of the concepts of global world life – M. McLuhan, N. Postman, M. Castells, and, based on this, the aspects of changing the functional load of the concept of the national state at the current stage are determined. Expressed mobility of nationology is determined.

Historical and legal features of the formation of the state sovereignty of Donetsk People's Republic in 1917–1919

The article is devoted to the historical and legal features and origins of the formation of the state sovereignty of Donetsk People's Republic (hereinafter the DPR). The problem of the formation of the state sovereignty of the DPR is multifaceted and in many ways unique. Today, there is a shortage of special studies, and the available works are rather fragmentary, concentrating on certain aspects of the problem. Fundamentally important issues of methodological, theoretical and practical orientation are practically deprived of scientific attention. Based on the involvement of a set of documents of a political and legal nature, the author analysed the existing in 1917–1919 various state-political projects on the territory of the modern DPR. Analysing the historical and legal features and origins of the formation of the state sovereignty of the DPR, it seems appropriate appeal to historical and legal methods of research. The methodological guidelines are substantiated by the interdisciplinary nature of the issue, which allows comprehensively considering specific phenomena, taking a fresh look at the already established and interconnected facts and events in the region. It allows us to more accurately place legal assessments from the standpoint of the past state of its form, content and essence, as well as through the prism of modern understanding. The analysis of the materials allowed coming to a number of conclusions and making some generalisations. The purpose of the article is to attempt to analyse the historical and legal features and origins of the formation of the DPR state sovereignty based on the involvement of documents of a political and legal nature, affecting the period 1917–1919.

Which linguistic resources for the teaching / learning of French as a foreign language?

This study is truly intended to be a contribution inscribed in a scrupulously didactic context, hence the idea of teaching – learning French as a foreign language in an Algerian context. Our attention is mainly vocalized on the attitude of the learner and his previous achievements in terms of FLE in the secondary cycle. However, it is therefore appropriate to specify from any language task, i.e. the written expression considered as the outcome of any learning from a didactic point of view, the exploitation of its achievements according to a theme whose concept of instruction is already present in all the linguistic-didactic elements supposed to allow him to reorganize his thought and give him the very meaning of a methodology as a common thread from which he can easily take action, this will doubly reflect his ability to acquisition and understanding of the linguistic concept initially implemented from the textual approach. In this sense, we question the fact of believing that the appropriation of such a linguistic notion can no longer be confined to its classic formulation: linguistics and didactics of languages, in particular FLE in an Algerian context. Questioning the different parameters likely to make access to knowledge in French as a foreign language a plausible case, this amounts to asking ourselves about the basic knowledge of the learner and the methods that will allow him to carry out a task; either a language production for which it is advisable to define the strategy engaged and the linguistic resources acquired as the main lever of a mediation, hence the idea of the contribution of linguistics to the teaching of French as a foreign language and the methodological orientations which under -tend the comprehension of the relational lexicon as proof of a use that one can judge satisfactory of the entity FLE in the school circles.

A borderland analytic: Thinking uneven development from the U.S.–Mexico borderlands

Economic geographers have long emphasized the ways in which borders are central to capitalism's uneven development. Yet even as scholarship outlines how borders are central devices for the articulation of the global political economy, they often are framed as functional to the system's immanent dynamics or as theoretical devices, with borderlands invisibilized as complex sites and spaces in their own right. Drawing on Margaret Ramírez's concept of a borderland analytic, I ask what a position from the U.S.–Mexico borderlands might help us to understand about capitalism's uneven development, both in particular and more generally. On the one hand, a borderland analytic connotes an empirical return to border spaces as a way to reconstruct how the border, and processes of bordering, underpin the creation of relational (and racialized) hierarchies that assign differential value to human life, labor, and place in the borderlands, effectively underwriting the forms of economic devaluation key to the region's ‘competitiveness’ in a restructuring global economy. On the other hand, a borderland analytic connotes a methodological orientation to the work that borders do as a part of processes of uneven development more broadly, which evolves through the (re)ordering and recoding of sociospatial differences, rather than from their elimination.

A Review of Social–Ecological System Research and Geographical Applications

This paper reviews the exploration and application of social–ecological systems research perspectives to sustainable development issues such as the areas of coupled human–earth relations, resource management, geographical landscape patterns, system dynamics, and the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being, and summarizes practical approaches and applied techniques for solving social–ecological system problems in order to understand changes and relationships in complex systems better. The article summarizes the theoretical research on social–ecological systems by domestic and international scholars into six frameworks: system resilience, system cascade, nature’s contribution to humans based on ecosystem services, public resource system management, system behavior scenario analysis, and system regime shift. Innovative research and practice oriented to complexity, coupling, and nonlinearity have emerged. However, there are differences between scientific research and applied practice, including their theoretical and methodological orientations. We should be oriented to social–ecological system problems to achieve a transformation from components to relationships, from outcomes to processes, from single to open systems, from general interventions to context sensitivity, and from linear to complex causality to meet what is required from sustainability science and geography.

Dancing with the patient: a qualitative study of general practitioners’ experiences of managing patients with multimorbidity and common mental health problems

BackgroundPatients with multimorbidity, having two or more chronic diseases, suffer frequently from undiagnosed common mental health problems and are an increasing challenge in primary care. There is a call to improve care delivery to address all these patients’ needs at the same time. The aim of this study was to identify general practitioners’ experiences of managing patients with multimorbidity and common mental health problems in primary care.MethodsWe conducted five focus group interviews with 28 physicians (3–8 participants in each group) in 5 primary care practices in and outside of Stockholm, Sweden. We used a semi-structured interview guide, and we analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. The methodological orientation of the study was inductive, latent constructivism.ResultsWe generated two themes from the data: Unmet patient needs and fragmented care send patients and physicians off balance and Dancing with the patient individually and together with others leads to confident and satisfied patients and physicians. The two themes are related as general practitioners expressed a need to shift from disease-specific fragmentation to relational continuity, teamwork, and flexibility to meet the needs of patients with multimorbidity and common mental health problems.ConclusionsThese findings can provide guidance in developing future interventions for patients with multimorbidity and common mental health problems in primary care in general, and in Sweden in particular.

Examination of game addiction studies conducted in Turkey: A systematic review study.

The aim of this study is to examine the methodological orientations in game addiction studies in Turkey between 2019 and 2022 in a holistic way and to present suggestions for new literature studies. For this purpose, only articles written in Turkish language were reviewed on Google Scholar. Open-access quantitative studies between 2019 and 2022 were included in our study. As a result, 69 out of 257 studies were found to comply with the predetermined criteria. The number of participants in these 69 studies, with a total sample size of 26,415, varies between 60 and 987. Almost half of the studies sample group is children (n = 36). The majority of the studies examine the relationship between academic achievement, familial and social relationship problems, gaming behavior and game addiction in children and adolescents. It was found that gaming addiction was higher in male students compared to female students, especially between the ages of 14-15. Among children, male students play digital games more than girls, and they mostly prefer action-adventure, war, and racing games. Previous studies have concluded that the use of consoles and smartphones in adolescents and young adults has a high impact on digital game addiction. In the light of the findings, it is suggested that empirical studies on game addiction should be addressed with different aspects using new literature studies.