Urban Planning Methods Research Articles

Conceptuality and rationality in underground spaces transport interchange hub organization

The article substantiates the necessity of combining modern methods of underground urban planning in areas of special urban planning value, which include transport interchanges and their adjacent territories. Techniques for the rational organization of service facilities and prospects for the development of accompanying functional areas are formulates. A modern multi-functional complex as part of a transport interchange hubs requires the use of new means of forming the architectural environment: external and internal organization of underground space. The purpose of the publication is to argue for the optimization of the development of public service facilities of transport interchanges due to the organization of underground spaces and to determine the main advantages of rationality. Analysis of the Utrecht and Berlin stations as examples of European experience in the operation and development of transport hubs demonstrates the main advantages of rationality in the organization of underground spaces. The concept, which reorganizes transfer points into small businesses and shopping centers, integrates them into underground spaces: places for holding exhibitions and business events, conference halls. Effective using of land resources helps to free up the territory for pedestrian areas. Using of modern technologies in the field of energy efficiency and ecology correspond to the direction of sustainable development; separation of traffic and pedestrian flows, organization of the shortest paths to various types of transport and evacuation are beneficial when used as a shelter; economic efficiency increases the urban value of the territory. The topic of conceptual design, introduced at the Department of Architectural Environment Design in Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture when developing a highly urbanized transport hub in accordance with the concept of the location of high-rise buildings in Kyiv, approved by the Academy of Architecture of Ukraine.

MODERN METHODS OF BUILDING NOISEPROOF BUILDINGS

In this article the analyzes of formation of modern methods of noise-proof buildings is carried out. An analysis of modern trends in the formation of the architecture of noise-proof buildings and structures was carried out.
 On the basis of modern experience, architectural and engineering methods, architectural and planning methods, and architectural and urban planning methods of the formation of noise-proof residential buildings and the means of their formation have been identified.
 Architectural and engineering methods include such means as the use of facade panels, noise-proof screens and gratings, noise-proof facades, noise-proofing materials, supports, the organization of dynamic elements (grids, facades, etc.), plastic fragments of the surface of the enclosing shell (folded, stalactite and etc.). This should also include artificial landscaping of surfaces (vertical and horizontal landscaping).
 Architectural and planning methods should include such means as the organization of noise-proof spaces (non-residential premises), horizontal communications (corridors, galleries), corridors and external or internal atriums, the creation of intermediate recreational spaces (balconies, terraces, bay windows), the organization of a curvilinear building plan. Noise protection is also often used due to the creation of non-residential first floors of buildings.
 Architectural and town-planning methods should include such means as turning from the main road, moving away from the main road, shielding with landscape groups, shielding with a noise shield, shielding with a non-residential building.

Analysis of Urban Planning Methods for Urban Villages: A Case Study of Liede Village in Guangzhou

Urban sprawl in China has become a common trend in urban history, thus, urban villages form during the process which contains both urban and rural characteristics. Among all the urban village management cases in China, Liede Village, Guangzhou, seems to be typically outstanding. It experienced regeneration from a poor urban village with chaos to a prosperous financial and retailing center in Pearl River New Town. The government followed ne-oliberal urbanism by decentralizing the central power and letting the market determine the urban plans. Public, private firms, and the village committee all played an important role in decision-making, helping Liede Village to build a new success in the 21st century. However, these approaches also had disadvantages in terms of tokenism of public participation and postponing information from mainstream media. Overall, some parts of the urban village management methods are acceptable, but they can never be copied without further consideration.

Biomimetic method of emergency life channel urban planning in Wuhan using slime mold networks

This study investigated a bio-inspired approach to planning optimal routes for urban hospital life channels to enable better responses to urban public security incidents. An experimental slime mold network and an origin–destination (OD) network model in which the nodes were tertiary hospitals in Wuhan were constructed. Correlation metrics of the two network models were used for network analysis and visualization. The experimental results showed that the slime mold network was better than the OD network in terms of global optimization. Furthermore, significant polarization of the influence value of urban hospital nodes resulted in a power-law distribution. This paper presents an urban planning method in which the biological mechanism of slime mold foraging is applied to construct shortest path networks in an emergency life channels. The results can be used to examine the relationship between urban roads and hospital nodes and the rational of global optimization distribution when planning the locations of new hospitals. A set of replicable and sustainable methods for conducting a biomimetic slime mold experiment to model real environments are presented. This approach provides a novel perspective for modeling emergency life channels.

АРХИТЕКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЖИЛОЙ ЗАСТРОЙКИ ПЕРВОГО ПОСЛЕВОЕННОГО ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЯ В Г. БЕЛГОРОДЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КВАРТАЛА, ОГРАНИЧЕННОГО ПРОСПЕКТОМ Б. ХМЕЛЬНИЦКОГО И УЛИЦАМИ ШЕВЧЕНКО, ПАРКОВОЙ)

The quarters of low-rise residential buildings of the first post-war decade in Belgorod form the basis of the architectural heritage of the “Stalin era”. This study is aimed at analyzing the architectural features of residential development in the first post-war decade in the city of Belgorod on the example of a block bounded by B. Khmelnitsky Avenue, Shevchenko and Parkovaya Streets. The study is based on an integrated approach, the work uses the methods of retrospective, urban planning, and compositional analysis. The features of the time period indicated in the work for the history of Soviet architecture and Belgorod as an urban entity are shown. The current state of the quarter and its location in the urban structure of Belgorod are considered. The role and place of the quarter in the transformation and further development of the planning structure of the city in the post-war period are determined. The composition of the space-planning construction of the quarter and the front of its development is analyzed. The features of the interaction of block development with its surroundings and terrain are determined. The article touches upon the development of standard projects of residential buildings and the technology of erecting buildings for mass development in the post-war period. The main series of standard projects and the design organizations involved in their development are indicated. The main typical projects of residential buildings used in the development of the quarter were identified. The structural, planning, compositional, architectural features of residential buildings of the quarter are analyzed.

Achievement of resilience in urbanism: A prototype for a simulative methodology

In recent years, the popularity of resilience has become an appealing perspective on cities in both academic and policy discourse. As urban losses and challenges of cities and their communities associated with natural and man-made disasters continue to increase, the consideration of resilience in the planning for future urban areas is of vital significance. Most of the literature reviews have failed to address resilience design principles that could be further used as an implementation method in urban planning. To develop better links between urban resilience theory and practice, and to help in closing the implementation gap; this paper develops a resilient prototype model for future growing cities (new urban formation) to sustainably function before disaster, and to adapt during/after emergency situations. The model is constructed by incorporating resiliency-related strategies including biodiversity, networks, multifunctionality, modularization and adaptive design, into the planning process. It also aims to develop integral uncertainty-oriented design solutions that cover all vulnerable facilities needed by the communities to provide both, physical and social resiliency. This is done by adopting the main resilience instrumental components during the formation of the model. Testing the prototype model for its abilities revealed its aimed characteristics to be robust, redundant, flexible, reflective, resourceful, inclusive, and integrated.

Analysis of patterns of urban sprawl and surface urban heat island in solan town of himachal pradesh using remote sensing and gis

Rapid unplanned urbanization consequently influencing the land surface temperature globally that lead to Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon that has negative impact on the quality of life of population exist within that area. Impervious surfaces effect the functioning of ecosystem that’s why urban monitoring is important. Present study was focused on detection of presence of the UHI phenomenon in the Solan town of Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) from year 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Multitemporal analysis is performed to analyze trend of temperature using Landsat 5, 7 and 8 thermal infrared sensors processed within Geographical Information System (GIS). Google Earth engine also used as a platform for the detection of urban sprawl with the help of classified map extracted from it. R software used for the detection of fragmentation and other landscape indices on the classified map. Region of interests (ROIs) was created in the urban and surrounding rural area to analyze the difference in temperature and landscape metrics in both of ROIs. Study highlighted the presence of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) phenomenon in the medium size town of Solan in all the decades with the maximum LST difference of 1.92°C in year 1990, 0.68°C in year 2000, 1.02°C in year 2010 and 2.12°C in year 2020 between the two ROIs. Temperature values in year 2020 has declined due to reforestation in the area and the consequence of global pandemic lead to change in temperature due to lower pollutant concentration. LST variation indicate a rise of 4.61°C in the minimum and 9.19°C in the maximum temperature from 1990 to 2010. Urban sprawl has been reported, the urban expansion was maximum from year 1990 to 2000 in the Centre of city with the percentage of 31.27 km2 while total rate of change in urban surfaces is 131.48km2 which includes rural area along with road has been converted in impervious surface with the passage of years. Overall accuracy of the classified maps was 88%. The classified maps indicate correlation of landscape indices with the urban expansion of town where heterogeneity significantly increased with time whereas patch number and density is increasing with the urban growth and declining with reforestation in the urban and rural ROIs it fluctuate accordingly. This study reported the need of effective and sustainable urban planning method in the developing cities of Himalayas. Policy makers should introduce green spaces and plantation in urban area to mitigate the UHI phenomenon in future.

Ecosystem Service Concept as a Rationale for Urban Green Space Conservation- A Systematic Review Report

Urban Green Space (UGS) is recognized as vital to modern infrastructure development worldwide. While the conventional method of urban planning has long prioritized built structures over UGS, an increasing number of scientific studies have demonstrated that UGS not only supports biodiversity but also provides numerous essential benefits for humans, such as clean air, water, weather regulation, food, and a place for respite for urban residents. This points to a need for an interdisciplinary synthesis of recently published research to document the ecological and social benefits and present comprehensive recommendations. We conducted an in-depth review of existing scientific literature to explore supporting, regulating, cultural, and provisioning ecosystem services benefits, major factors enhancing them, and management recommendations to optimize those benefits. The results indicate that optimizing heterogeneous UGS coverage as an essential part of urban design benefits natural as well as human communities in the form of enhanced wildlife habitat, clean air and water, weather regulation, and livability. Findings highlight the multifaceted contributions of UGS in maintaining natural ecosystems to provide essential benefits for human wellbeing and environmental health, which are integral components of sustainable development. We discuss evidence-based recommendations for policy and planning for optimum UGS suitable for different environmental, geographic, ecoclimatic, and socioeconomic statuses worldwide. The availability of comprehensive information on the enhanced benefits of UGS renders new directions and impetus for UGS conservation in the era of expanding urbanization and climate change.

Investigating the most essential skills of planners in Ethiopia’s Amhara National Regional State’s Regiopolitan cities

This study intends to answer the specific skills and skills Ethiopian planners, particularly Amhara National Regional State's Regiopolitan cities planners, require the most in their urban planning profession. In today's urban world, understanding city dynamics, forecasting and predicting vibrant cities, making urban planning decisions and putting them into practice, collaborating with stakeholders from various governments and educational backgrounds, persuading people to accept urban plans, and building good personal and skilled relationships have all become highly complex and challenging. As a result, to succeed in their jobs in Ethiopia, planners must possess particular skills. This study looks into the essential skills that planners require in today's dynamic and complex urban environment. The investigation was conducted in Ethiopia as part of a more extensive regional study of Regiopolitan cities. A structured questionnaire survey of 104 experienced planners was undertaken, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 key informants to investigate the essential planners' skills in the Ethiopian planning system to find the essential skills needed in practice. The findings demonstrate that an urban planning method in Regiopolitan cites of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia urban planning system is such practical planners who wish to carve out a position for them must equip themselves with analytical and synthesis skills. Finally, the study included recommendations for improving planners’ future skills and more research into the matter.

Chinese Economic Growth Projections Based on Mixed Data of Carbon Emissions under the COVID-19 Pandemic

Current research on carbon emissions and economic development has tended to apply more homogeneous low-frequency data to construct VAR models with impulse responses, ignoring some of the sample information in high-frequency data. This study constructs a MIDAS model to forecast GDP growth rate based on monthly carbon emission data and quarterly GDP data in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that: (1) The MIDAS model has smaller RMSE than the VAR model in short-term forecasting, and provides more stable real-time forecasts and short-term forecasts of quarterly GDP growth rates, which can provide more accurate reference intervals; (2) China’s future macroeconomic growth rate has recently declined due to the impact of the sudden epidemic, but the trend is generally optimistic. By improving urban planning and other methods, the authorities can achieve the two-carbon goal of carbon capping and carbon neutrality at an early date. In the context of the impact of COVID-19 on China’s economic development, we need to strike a balance between ensuring stable economic growth and ecological protection, and build environmentally friendly cities, so as to achieve sustainable economic and ecological development and enhance human well-being.

Transit-Oriented Development in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh as a Case Study

Transit-oriented development (TOD) in Saudi Arabia is becoming a significant priority for the government and developers to create a sustainable and quality living environment. TOD is an integrated transport and urban planning method that aims to reduce car use and urban sprawl, increase the use of public transport, and enhance sustainable mobility. To meet the global goals as per the Paris Accord, Saudi Arabia’s policymakers must prioritize the integration of TOD in urban planning. This study was carried out with the main aim of identifying the environmental, social, and economic benefits of implementing TOD in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A mixed-study research method was used, and data were collected using a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, and qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo software. The findings of this study show that TOD in Riyadh City would positively impact economic, environmental, and social aspects. TOD would reduce travel time, allow its people to have an active lifestyle, and reduce congestion. TOD would help reduce mental health disorders and improve physical activity. TOD would positively impact the environment of Riyadh City and assist in reducing greenhouse gases. Overall, the study results provide a reliable perspective on the benefits of TOD. Most participants assumed that the implementation of TOD in Riyadh City would increase automobile mobility, provide more employment opportunities, and reduce travel time, positively impacting the environment and economy of Riyadh City.

Design Method of Smart City Public Planning under the Constraint of Public Acceptability

In order to improve the design effect of smart city public planning, this paper studies the design method of urban public planning under the constraint of public acceptability and designs the corresponding intelligent system. Moreover, from the perspective of the planning system and practical application, this paper is devoted to improve the performance of the planning system and expand the application field of planning technology. In addition, this paper analyzes and studies the preprocessing stage and the planning search stage of the planning system and applies its domain knowledge modeling to practical planning problems. The experimental research results show that intelligent public urban planning and design method proposed in this paper under the public acceptable constraints has a good effect.

Identification of Recurrent Congestion in Main Trunk Road Based on Grid and Analysis on Influencing Factors

To reduce the risk of traffic congestion to residents and the urban transportation system, this paper extracted frequently congested areas and major trunk roads based on the GPS (global positioning system) data of cabs and TPI (traffic performance index) data and identified traffic patterns and main trunk roads in the traffic grid, so as to analyze the evolution of traffic congestion and make effective suggestions. The results can not only enable travelers to effectively avoid peak periods and congested sections but also support the managers to optimize urban planning and implement efficient traffic management methods. The research process of this study is as follows: firstly, the research object area was divided into different grids based on one-week taxi GPS data and the distribution characteristics of taxi operations in Qingdao. Secondly, the two-dimensional grid traffic attribute information is constructed using the following two indicators: number of vehicles and the average speed of passenger trajectory. Then, the congestion discriminant model based on the three-dimensional traffic attribute information was established according to the variation rules of the number of position point in the grid. Finally, the TPI data was applied to compare and evaluate the identification results of the above two models to identify frequently congested grids and main trunk roads. The case analysis showed that the result of grid’s congestion status identification considering three-dimensional traffic attribute information (25.198%) was better than that of grid congestion state considering two-dimensional traffic attribute information (23.997%).

Urban Planning and Design Layout Generation Based on Artificial Intelligence

Today’s cities are becoming more and more complex, the spatial layout is gradually becoming more and more complex, and all aspects of urban construction that need to be considered are increasing. The traditional urban planning and design methods have encountered new challenges. Based on the unique perspective of urban “mesoscale,” this study attempts to apply artificial intelligence technology in the early stage of urban planning and design, predict the positioning of design land based on the surrounding environment, so as to break the limitations of manual decision-making, explore the spatial layout problem from the perspective of machine, find the correlation between land data, and generate results with certain reference value to assist decision-making. By delimiting the research area and collecting and processing data, we trained and generated the artificial neural network model and selected three different areas for model test. The test results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method process.

Using Food Delivery Data to Identify Urban -Rural Areas: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

It is an important task for planners and decision makers to determine whether a certain region is urban or rural since the accurate identification of these areas is of considerable significance to further study differences in urbanization development and balance contradictions between them. However, at present, there are problems of low efficiency and considerable subjectivity in the identification of urban and rural areas based on nighttime light data. Therefore, this study proposes a new method to identify urban and rural areas based on the differences between them. Taking Guangzhou as an example, this study simulated food delivery scenarios to identify urban and rural areas in Guangzhou. The findings indicated that using food delivery data to identify urban and rural areas is highly precise, with an accuracy rate of 92.4% and Kappa value of 0.79. This study provides a new method to identify urban and rural areas accurately and objectively, contributes to the study of urban-rural differences in urbanization and providing a feasible method for subsequent urban and rural planning.

Research on Urban Planning and Design Method and Application Based on GIS

Research on Urban Planning and Design Method and Application Based on GIS

Measuring the Correlation between Human Activity Density and Streetscape Perceptions: An Analysis Based on Baidu Street View Images in Zhengzhou, China

Although investigators are using data sources to describe the visual characteristics of streets, few researchers have linked human perceptions of the street environment with human activity density. This study proposes a conceptualized analytical framework that explains the relationship between human activity density and the visual characteristics of the streetscape. The image-segmentation model DeepLabv3+ automatically extracts each pixel’s semantic information and classifies visual elements from 120,012 collected panoramic street view images of Zhengzhou, China, using the entropy weighting method and weighted superposition to calculate the street perception summary score. This deep learning approach can successfully describe the semantics of streets and the connection between population density and street perception. The study provides a new quantitative method for urban planning and the development of high-density cities.

Scientific Aspects of the Study of Transcontinental Relations and Global Settlement

A critical review of urban planning scientific aspects of the study of the globalization of settlement systems, including the impact of cross-border and transcontinental links on global urban and interethnic integration and communication processes, is presented. A brief description of the evolution of antagonistic urban planning concepts of studying the trends in the organization and development of macro-regional and global forms of settlement, their interrelationships, and interdependencies, as well as an analysis of the impact of these concepts on the formation of global communication relations, is given. Urban planning is defined as an interdisciplinary science of complex forecasting and planning of world settlement systems and their elements. The interrelation of the seven “principles–compromises” as urban planning principles of ensuring a sustainable balance in the interests of present and future generations is presented. Two urban planning methods of conflict resolution within the framework of the problem under consideration are proposed, based on the modeling of territories of partnership relations and the formation of global settlement based on the development of the uniqueness of territories.

Suitability evaluation method of urban and rural spatial planning based on artificial intelligence

Abstract In order to realize the sustainable development of urban overall space, aiming at the increasingly serious environmental problems in the process of contemporary rapid urbanization, based on the relationship between urban and rural space and environmental capacity, a suitability evaluation method of urban and rural spatial planning based on artificial intelligence is proposed. This paper constructs the theoretical system of sustainable development evaluation of urban and rural spatial resources and uses artificial intelligence technology to reasonably select evaluation factors and standardize the evaluation indicators so as to achieve the research goal of accurately evaluating the suitability of urban and rural spatial planning. It analyzes the influencing factors of urban–rural spatial standard regional division, develops the design of the spatial planning suitability analysis system, and establishes the urban-rural spatial suitability evaluation. The scope of sustainability evaluation was extended to the level of urban and rural spatial planning and design, and the preliminary work was done to solve the problems of urban spatial structure and decision-making. The experimental results show that the planning method has high environmental adaptability and rationality.

Prospects for the Sustainable Development of Modern Architecture in the Coastal Cities of Algeria

Sustainable development is one of the main topics of world research, including in the aspect of further transformation of modern architecture. From this point of view, the study of the rich architectural heritage of Algeria - one of the countries that for millennia has developed and accumulated experience of “passive” resistance to the hot and dry climate of the region with architectural and urban planning means and techniques - is relevant in terms of global trends in climate change. The article discusses and analyses the traditional methods of urban planning and architecture, as well as provides recommendations for their further development. Particular attention is paid to the organization of residential development in the coastal cities of Algeria, the revival and transformation of energy-efficient architectural techniques, landscaping and the use of water resources for the integrated provision of sustainable development of the region.