Methods Of Persuasion Research Articles

Hope and Resentment.

A common challenge for both health-care providers and policymakers is to deal with people as people, rather than merely as biological or social problems to be managed. In terms introduced in P. F. Strawson's much-discussed essay "Freedom and Resentment" (1962), the difficulty is to maintain a reactive "participant stance," rather than a solely objective perspective, toward those with whom they have difficulties. Vaccine resistance and refusal provides a particularly pointed instance of this challenge: there is evidence that suggests standard methods of rational persuasion tend to be ineffective, even counter-productive, in easing skepticism about the safety, effectiveness, or appropriateness of vaccines and vaccine regimens. If clear and vivid information about relative risks is not compelling, the temptation to manipulate rather than convince skeptics may be hard, or even seem wrong, to resist. Mark Navin's recent Values and Vaccine Refusal (2016) can be read as a reminder of the importance-and the difficulty-of maintaining a participant stance toward vaccine deniers or resisters.

DIALEKTIKA AL-QUR'AN DENGAN POLA PIKIR KEBERAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT ARAB: Analisis Psiko-Sosial

This article discusses the mindset of Arab society towards religion which is answered and it was changed after the Koran came. This relationship is dialectic, the Arab community as khitab al-Qur’an. The approach used by the social history of social psychoanalysis. With this approach, this article found some important conclusions. (1) Social history emphasizes that geographic factors, psychological, and social culture have shaped their social siko. Psycho-social impact on their perspectives on God and Religion. God was related to a god (dewa) who can help the biological necessities of life, although not psychologically soothing. As the unsound of the psico-social condition, the way they understand the religions is not correct. They profess religion, somehow does not feel the presence of God. The more they worship Gods, the more discrepancies, social injustices, and tyranny happen. Responding to that matter, the Quran apply persuasive method as the advice (al-din al-nasihah), and discussion (jidal) as their way of thought on religion. (2) The Qur'an came alter their patterns of psychological evolution, from an-nafs al-ammara as bi-su’ society into an-nafs al-lawwamah, until in the end, they had a quiet soul (an-nafs al-Mutmainnah)

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI BIDAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI IBU-IBU MENYUSUI DALAM PROGRAM ASI EKSKLUSIF DI JABON SIDOARJO

Government program of exclusive breastfeeding in the last few years shows failure. In the district of Sidoarjo, for example, the level of community participation in exclusive breastfeeding is still relatively low at about 22.8 percent of the announced target of 80 percent. It is interesting to study, therefore this study is aimed to investigate the use of midwives communication strategies to increase the participation of mothers in the exclusive breastfeeding program work in the health center (Puskesmas)in Jabon Sidoarjo. This qualitative descriptive study used snowball sampling techniques with in-depth interviews to key informants and respondents of thirty breastfeeding mothers in Jabon subdistrict of Sidoarjo. The results of this study are that the most dominant communication strategies used by midwives is two-way communication (face to face) with persuasion techniques and methods of redundancy. Midwives barriers consist of internal and external barriers. The internal resistance is reluctance to breastfeed for fear of the breasts are not beautiful anymore, people's understanding on the issue of healthy infants are assessed from the fat physical appearance, and that only a little milk that comes out. While the external resistance is that the babies are not satisfied with only breast milk, reason for working mothers, and the thought of the family, especially the parents, that formula milk is better. The participation rate of breastfeeding mothers is still in the third level, namely level of consultation.

El mito del origen

El presente artículo presenta una lectura desde Platón y Johann Gottfried Herder vertebrada por la figura del mito. Dentro de la constitución colectiva propuesta por ambos pensadores el mito es un recurso trascendental. El primero, que propone un sistema de orden social, basa su método persuasivo a través del uso del mito que va más allá de ser un simple recurso expresivo. El segundo, con una crítica a la Francia cosmopolita, plantea la idea de la identidad nacional cimentada en el mito originario. Es así como dos perspectivas permiten ver la imagen del mito del origen y su relación con el Estado como una noción vital en la construcción ya no solo cultural, sino social e histórica de toda civilización: el mito como puerta de acceso a lo primigenio, aquello que se explica más allá de las palabras, y el espejo a través del cual puede verse el surgimiento de toda sociedad.http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ag.35.2.2412

Medical Narrative and the Rhetoric of Identification: The Many Faces of Anna White Dildane

ABSTRACTWhen Anna White Dildane, a prostitute and heroin addict, was committed to the Laboratory of Social Hygiene (LSH) in 1917, she was treated by a staff that anticipated the methods of the biopsychosocial model later developed by Engel. That is to say, the staff members believed that Anna’s rehabilitation was contingent on a scientific diagnosis of the physical, mental, and social factors that underlay her condition. However, using Anna and the LSH as a case study, we draw from Latour to show the limitations of this “modern” method of diagnosis and treatment that persists today. Using Burke, we advocate for a pragmatic orientation focused on creating rhetorically oriented narratives whose aim is to help patients make judgments about their health and future, namely, by bringing about the experience of “form” capable of constituting new types of identification. Effective medical rhetoric thus adopts a method of persuasion that begins with the narrative and self-understanding of the patient, links aspects of that narrative with the technical expertise of physicians and other health care providers, and crafts a new, more specialized narrative attentive to the desires and constraints of a patient’s form of identification that is ultimately the seat of judgment.

Использование пассивного сопротивления в ходе движения в защиту гражданских прав: анализ

The roots of nonviolent direct action and the development into a powerful method of persuasion and coercion will be explored in an attempt to explain its distinctive role in the Civil Rights Movement. The paper will focus on the participation of the three actions, the political, the legal and the passive, in the victorious moments of the Movement.

Persuasive Methods in Television Advertising and Its Impact on the Promotion of Consumer Goods

TV commercials use a lot of persuasive methods in order to reach to persuade consumers to purchase and the acquisition of this item, the research aims to illustrate the importance of television advertising and its role in providing information to the consumer, and identify persuasive methods used by television advertising in the promotion of consumer goods, and determine the types of persuasive methods used by Television advertising in the promotion of consumer goods, the analysis of the content of a sample of 26 different and diverse television advertisement in terms of form and content taken from the research community mbc satellite channel, has been using content analysis consists of (12) category include persuasive methods used by advertising form TV to promote consumer goods and consumer convince Bagtnaiha, and the results of the analysis showed that television advertising persuasive use different methods in the provision of goods to the consumer and convince him out, the mismatch emotional and logical methods and diversity in the provision of subjects. Keywords : advertising, persuasion, TV, goods, and consumer.

СТИЛИСТИКО-ТЕКСТОВЫЙ СТАТУС ПЕРСУАЗИВНОСТИ МЕДИАТЕКСТА

The article examines the discursive and stylistic features of contemporary media texts, gives the definition of persuasiveness, validates the categorical status of this concept, and reveals the structure of the category of persuasiveness and its realization in texts of modern electronic newspapers, as well as the relation ship between this category and subcategories of authorization, dialogicality and evaluation. A conclusion is drawn about the special role the category of evaluation plays in the implementation of the influence function of newspaper publicistic text. The article provides substantiation for the use of discursive and stylistic method of media text analysis as a basic method allowing one to explain the influence potential of media texts considering extralinguis-tic factors of their generation. Special attention is paid to identifying stylistic techniques of affecting a reader which are used in texts of modern online newspapers. The article discusses in detail methods of persuasion and suggestion and how they interact with each other. The principle of text formation in media communications is analyzed. The article considers system characteristics of the author as a style-shaping category of publicistic text, the ways of the author's individuality manifestation, and features of the author's communication with the target audience.

Repercussions from the Far East: A Comparison of the Catholic and Nestorian Presence in China

In the middle ages, Franciscan monks from Western Europe and Nestorian monks from Syria traveled to the Far East to spread the gospel and to establish their churches in the region. Although they shared similar goals, Franciscans and Nestorians employed different methods of persuasion, so the results and legacy of their missionary work differed considerably. The Nestorians were remarkably successful in the Far East, as proven by the gravestones in the Mongolian steppes; in their home countries, ironically, they were increasingly marginalized. In contrast, the Franciscans and other European travelers to the Far East did not achieve similar missionary success and scarcely left a mark on the region after the mid-fourteenth century. The travelogues and letters they composed for their audiences at home, however, had a great impact, both on late-medieval European ambitions to open up the world and on the return of the Catholic mission in seventeenth-century China. In summary, the Nestorians’ legacy was stone monuments in the East and the Franciscans left inspiring texts in the West. A comparison of the respective practices of Christian missionary activity in the Far East may further recognition of how medieval cross-cultural travel affected both the regions of origin and the regions of destination in various ways. Therefore, even though the Christian presence in the Far East vanished in the late middle ages, it had lasting consequences for the societies from whence the missionaries came. It not only broadened the West’s knowledge of the Far East but also influenced the renewal of Christian missions in the region from the seventeenth century onwards.

Are you convinced? A Wizard of Oz study to test emotional vs. rational persuasion strategies in dialogues

This research explores ideal methods of persuasion through computer-mediated dialogue. We attempt to identify which persuasive strategy is most successful. We designed a Wizard of Oz laboratory experiment, where participants interact with a human wizard via a custom-developed web-based chat interface. The wizard attempted to persuade participants to learn more about Tai Chi using the following persuasive strategies: Emotional Positive, Emotional Negative, Rational Positive, and Rational Negative. Based on the results of the pre- and post-chat questionnaire, participants’ interest in learning Tai Chi was significantly greater after completing the dialogue and 69% percent of the participants printed a flyer to receive more information. Furthermore, conversations using the Emotional Positive strategies resulted in more successful persuasion than rational ones. The results of our study suggest that Emotional Positive strategies may be the most effective. We also suggest successful strategies as a design guideline for autonomous dialogue systems for persuasion.

Darut Taubah Pesantren and Commercial Sex Workers Saritem in Bandung

<p><em></em><em>The establishing a pesantren in a prostitution area is a very interesting topic to be<br />studied. This is because the challenge would be different from building a pesantren in<br />other community situations. This article based on the research on the roles of Darut<br />Taubah pesantren in teaching of moral values to commercial sex workers at Saritem<br />prostitution area. This is a qualitative case study research using a phenomenology <br />approach. Data was gathered using observation, in-depth interview, and documentary <br />research. Data was analyzed utilizing inductive approach. Finding of this study shows<br />that the establishment of Darut Taubah pesantren was motivated by cultural and<br />structural factors. Moreover, teaching of moral values was conducted through reorganizing structural and instrumental elements using many ways namely; persuasive method and prioritizing the roles of pesantren, teaching moral values and developing the social roles. After the existence of Darut Taubah pesantren in Saritem area, the prostitution<br />activities decrease significantly either in terms of quantity or intensity.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>

Reducing injuries among young drivers: what kind of measures are needed?

Young drivers run a greater risk everywhere. Better understanding of the underlying processes to this problem are a useful tool in preventive endeavors. An understanding that a person’s life ambition and context of driving mostly influence young drivers in terms of traffic safety more than their ability of mastering different driving situations and their skill of vehicle maneuvering is important to understand young drivers overrisk. Research has indicated that a hierarchical approach to the task of driving can help to identify specifically which skills a driver needs to avoid crashes and injuries. Keskinen (1996) divided the task of driving into four separate levels (4. goals for life and skills for living, 3. goals and context of driving, 2. mastering traffic situations and 1. vehicle maneuvering) in which the higher levels are considered to always affect behavior on the lower levels.The idea behind a hierarchical approach is that success as well as failure on the higher levels will affect the demand on lower levels (Hatakka et al. 2002). Keskinen and others later developed a proficiency model comprising Goals for Driver Education (GDE) (Hatakka et al. 2002). The GDE matrix states specifically what driver training should focus on in order to produce the safest possible new drivers. Understanding the GDE matrix offers the possibility to use it to develop different countermeasures for young drivers. If this is adapted as closely as possible to this group and their driving situations, it should be possible to significantly enhance safety. Driver education or communication campaigns cannot be expected to radically change a young person’s life goals. Special courses for young drivers designed to make individuals conscious of their personal tendencies and the type of social context that affects their driving behaviour could be helpful, whether offered via the ordinary school system or at driving schools.To change a young driver’s goals behind driving and the context in which it is done, a variety of different methods of persuasion should be used. For example, communication campaigns and increased enforcement may be used simultaneously and in particular target young males. (Engström et al. 2003). Communication campaigns that employ persuasive, emotional messages are most effective where young drivers are concerned. Attitudes about safety are formed at an early age, long before legal driving, and therefore it would also be important also to target young adolescents. Laws need enforcement to be effective and should target areas of particular risk to young drivers

The Influence of Expectancy Persuasion Techniques on Socially Anxious Analogue Patients' Treatment Beliefs and Therapeutic Actions

Patients' psychotherapy outcome expectation correlates with post-treatment outcome; yet, there is limited research explicating causal determinants of this expectation. We tested the influence of specific expectancy persuasion methods, integrated into a video presentation of a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) rationale, on socially anxious analogue patients' post-rationale treatment/clinician beliefs, treatment motivation, anxiety symptoms, and therapeutic action. Participants were socially anxious undergraduates randomized to the experimental group (CBT rationale + expectancy persuasion strategies; N = 85) or control group (CBT rationale only; N = 93). As hypothesized, there were significant increases across both groups in anxiety change expectation, perceived confidence in using CBT exposure techniques to address social anxiety, and perceived exposure helpfulness. Unexpectedly, the expectancy strategies did not influence the outcomes. Conclusions: Results underscore the clinical importance of deliver...

Design Rationale Behind the Serious Self-Regulation Game Intervention "Balance It": Overweight Prevention Among Secondary Vocational Education Students in The Netherlands.

This article describes the design rationale behind a serious self-regulation game intervention. The aim of the game is to promote healthy dietary intake and physical activity among secondary vocational educational students in The Netherlands (approximately 16-20 years of age). The game "Balance It" was developed according to an intervention mapping (IM) protocol. Following IM, we specified health promotion and usability objectives and linked these objectives to selected behavior change and persuasive methods. Accordingly, these methods were translated into a coherent intervention program. The health behavior change objectives were derived from the determinants of the behavior and from Self-Regulation Theory (e.g., students are asked to set goals, monitor and evaluate their behavior, and create coping plans). Usability objectives were derived from the RE-AIM model (i.e., Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance). Next, behavior change and persuasive techniques were selected (e.g., goal setting and prompting, respectively) that did fit with the targeted change objectives and were translated in the design of a (mobile) serious self-regulation game intervention. Subsequently, three concept and usability tests were performed to improve intervention usability, and an evaluation plan was developed. The aim of this study was to provide a design rationale for game interventions targeting health-related behaviors. We developed a coherent program design in which both health behavior change and usability factors are addressed. The IM protocol can serve as a useful guide for decision making in program development and evaluation.

Promoting road safety.

Where are they going, the couple on the motorbike that adorns this issue’s cover? Somewhere exciting, no doubt, and at great speed, with the wind billowing through the man’s scarf and the woman’s hair. They are young and free, making the most of 1960s Britain, about to roar past the viewer and off into the distance. Wherever they are going, this 1969 road safety poster tells us, they are getting there safely—because they are wearing their safety helmets (see article for fig. 1). This image is a fitting one for the cover of a special issue devoted to the international history of road safety, not least because safety education—using persuasive methods to try to convince people to change their behavior and act more safely—has been deployed for over 100 years and has reached virtually every nation in the world. It represents a particular approach to road safety, though by no means the only one; engineering, training, and enforcement solutions often run alongside educative campaigns. Yet as artifacts, road safety education materials like this poster tell us a lot about prevalent perceptions of danger and people’s interactions with automotive technologies, and about responsibilities for managing risks in everyday life. How should dangers posed by particular technologies be addressed? Who should be responsible for protecting individuals? What role, if any, should the state play? In Britain, the educative approach to preventing deaths and injuries was well established by 1969. Drawing on the American “Safety First” movement, safety education was introduced into the workplace by the railway industry in 1913. It soon spread across other industries and other areas of society—chiefly road safety, from 1917, but also home safety after 1930. A huge range of methods were used: posters, booklets, films, songs, exhibitions, children’s games, safety quizzes and competitions, “safety weeks,” staged crashes to raise awareness, talks, and messages printed on bookmarks, cigarette cards, milk bottle tops, and even on Christmas wrapping paper and bars of soap. Hundreds of millions of items have been produced and disseminated over the last 100 years in Britain alone, making safety education a massively significant sociocultural phenomenon.... Language: en

Characteristics of Successful Weight Loss Participants in a Community-based Diabetes Education Program

s / Can J Diabetes 39 (2015) S38eS74 S45 and drink-related products accounted for roughly 18% (n1⁄41106) of advertising exposure (n1⁄46,272), and 70% of food adverts were for HFSS products. No significant difference (P1⁄40.26) in the duration of adverts for non-HFSS (3.53 hours) and HFSS (3.43 hours) was found. HFSS food advertisements were mostly presented by young adult actors, and the use of persuasive methods was higher for food products those targeting young audience than those targeting adult audiences (P<0.001). Conclusions: The study revealed that adolescent girls are exposed to a plethora of food advertising that promote unhealthy eating. This could have an impact on their diets, long term health outcomes and therefore warrant further evaluation.

Al-Fārābī’s Cave: Aristotle’s Logic and the Ways of Socrates and Thrasymachus

In his commentary on Aristotle’s Rhetoric al-Fārābī harmonizes Plato and Aristotle in terms of philosophic education by ordering Aristotle’s eight logical works onto Plato’s famous image of the cave. He represents the way out of the cave with Aristotle’s four logical works of ascent (Categories, On Interpretation, Prior Analytics, and Posterior Analytics) and the return into the cave through Aristotle’s four logical works of the descent (Topics, Sophistical Refutations, Rhetoric, and Poetics). Al-Fārābī’s image of ascent and descent also alludes to Socrates’ conception of protreptic education in Book VII of the Republic. In essence, protreptic education consists in the Socratic art that freely turns the soul from the images and political interpretations of things to being itself. In this essay I argue that for al-Fārābī the four logical works of ascent guide the soul to free itself from its habituations so as to contemplate real beings, particularly the good of one’s own soul and the souls of one’s fellow citizens. Yet the ruler needs to use the arts of “descent,” as demonstrated by Thrasymachus, in order to rule the city well. The way of Socrates consists of the logical methods used to come to possess knowledge of being, while the way of Thrasymachus comprises the methods of persuasion to habituate citizens and protect the philosophic quest for the truth. Al-Fārābī, I conclude, combines the way of Socrates and the way of Thrasymachus in order to show that both ways are useful and necessary for good governance.

Reviews of healing the frescoes of the Nemanjic's monasteries

This work describes the development of medical science from earliest times to the present day, which was noted down by various works of art, the painting that has been preserved through the centuries testify about medical trends of that time. Described frescoes Visoki Decani in this work complete experience of the then treatment using the saints unselfish and powerful healer. The frescoes also speak about the fact that the method of healing was known among the Serbs before the Frenchman Dubois discovered a method of persuasion.

Methods of Persuasion for Religious Donations in Comedia de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe y sus milagros

On September 10, 1601, a Spanish Jeronymite by the name of Diego de Ocaña, from the monastery Extremeño de Guadalupe, stood in Potosí Bolivia’s plaza 10 de Noviembre. He watched his own play titled Comedia de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe y sus milagros be performed for the first time in front of thousands of Spaniards, creoles, mestizos, and indigenous peoples. The play, which incorporated one of Ocaña’s Virgin of Guadalupe paintings, highlighted the historical and miraculous moments of the original painting in various individual scenes. Modern critics have tried to explain the play’s meaning and symbolism, as well as Ocaña’s personal interests and intentions. Over time, Comedia de Nuestra Señora has generally and briefly been recognized as a propagandistic play fueled by Ocaña’s economic motives. This article aims to avoid generalities by providing examples that demonstrate how Ocaña employed persuasive methods to obtain religious donations. Some of the ways he achieved his goal were by utilizing varied poetic verses, exemplary characters, and promises of divine assistance. Similarly, he took advantage of the preestablished celebratory and religious ambience, described in Viaje por el Nuevo Mundo , which consequently allowed theatrical spaces to enter religious spaces. This confused the two, making the theatrical more believable and “real.” Finally, Ocaña knew that his performance would take place in Potosí, where reciprocity was an active political and social tradition. Every kind gesture and offering he made to the Potosí residents would have required compensation. I argue that these tactics were used by Ocaña in order to guarantee that participants and spectators would make donations to the Jeronymite monastery and never forget the importance and divine power of the Virgin of Guadalupe. (NG)

Rhetoric as the Art of Listening: Concepts of Persuasion in the First Eleven Chapters of the Guiguzi

Abstract The first eleven chapters of the book Guiguzi 鬼谷子 are ascribed to Master Guigu, the alleged teacher of the two famous rhetoricians Su Qin 蘇秦 and Zhang Yi 張儀. These chapters provide a methodological approach to the art of persuasion which is fundamentally different from European rhetoric. Whereas European rhetoric, originating in Greek rhetoric, is mainly concerned with the persuasion of big audiences in public forums and institutions such as assemblies (the agora as birthplace of democracy) and courtrooms, the persuasive strategies in the Guiguzi mainly focus on the involvement with an individual counterpart. In the Guiguzi listening to and assessing the particular type of opponent and then taking advantage of his individual preferences is most decisive for the success of persuasion. The Guiguzi does not teach how to formulate a perfect piece of rhetorical art which accords to all rules of a commonly shared system of persuasive logic as it is known from European rhetorical traditions. From this different approach also follows a different set of systematic problems in the art of persuasion. The typology of formal figures of speech, so important in European rhetoric, is not as important as the exact typology of human characters which have to be correctly identified to be correlated to the types of speech which have the greatest persuasive effect on them. Each of the eleven chapters discusses a particular method of persuasion in an analysis of different aspects of the communicative process in which persuasion takes place. Together they appear as a handbook on the dynamic process of persuasion, a persuasion that evolves in a dialogic encounter not in a monologic performance as in European rhetoric.