Personal Interview Method Research Articles

An Economic Analysis of Production of Cowpea in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh, India

The research entitled “An Economic Analysis of Production of Cowpea in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh, India” was done with the specific objectives to work out the cost and returns of cowpea in the study area, The survey for specified objective was conducted in Takhatpur and Bilha blocks of Bilapur district of Chhattisgarh. Data were collected from 75 cowpea growers from the 10 villages (5 villages from each block). Data related to marketing was collected from 5 village traders, 6 wholesalers and 8 retailers. The primary data were collected from the cowpea growers through personal interview method with the help of well-prepared questionnaire for the production and marketing in the year 2022-23. The collected data were analysed by using average, mean, percentage and other tools to present in tabular form and for cost and cost concept were used. The study reveal that the overall cost of cultivation per hectare of cowpea wascalculatedRs.1,00,057.00. The cost of cultivation per hectare showed rising trend with the rise in farm size. The overall input-output ratio of cowpea was found to be 1:1.6on the sample farms.

Health and Infrastructural Security of Rural Households for Sustainable Livelihood: A Study in Bundelkhand Region of India

Poor health tends to be critical for marginal and small farmers who work in their own field and cannot afford to hire an alternative farmer during the time of illness. The research was conducted to assess the health and infrastructural status of farm households. The present study purposefully conducted in Bundelkhand.From each selected village a list of dairy farmers based on land holding was prepared and respondents were selected based on proportionate stratified random sampling method. Data were gathered through personal interview method with the help of the structured interview schedule. The collected data were quantified and analyzed. After data collection, the results were analyzed by using some statistical tools like percentage analysis, correlation and regression. Results revealed that among the marginal farmers the majority (59.26%) of the respondents had low health security, followed by medium and high health security i.e. 32.10 and 8.64 percent respectively. The variables such as annual income and milk production had positive and highly significant relationship with health security at the 1 percent level of significance. This shows that as the value of the annual income and milk production increases the health security of the respondents also increases. The results showed that 58.20 percent variability towards infrastructural security was due to explained or undertaken variables included in the study and the remaining was due to some other factors. The fitted regression model was observed to be significant at the 1 percent level of significance. It can be concluded that there is a need to stress upon improving their overall health and infrastructural security.

Knowledge Level of Improved Buffalo Husbandry Practices in Peri-urban areas of Surat city of Gujarat

A field survey was conducted in the Peri-urban areas of Surat city of Gujarat to assess the knowledge level of randomly selected 50 buffalo farm owners about improved buffalo husbandry practices. The analysis of data collected by personal interview method revealed that majority of buffalo owners had medium knowledge level on different aspects of improved buffalo husbandry practices viz. 76% for feeding, 56% for breeding, 72% for general management and 50% for health care. The overall knowledge levels of the respondents in improved buffalo husbandry practices fall under low, medium and high categories are 16%, 68% and 16%, respectively. The knowledge index of different aspect of improved buffalo husbandry practices of feeding, breeding, general management and health care were 42.50, 67.575, 45.50 and 54.25%, respectively and overall knowledge index of improved buffalo husbandry practices was 52.50 % in the study area.

Perception of farmers on varietal traits and constraints in

Greengram (Vigna radiata) is one of India’s most valuable pulse crops. Greengram is a native of India and CentralAsia and has grown in these regions since prehistoric times.India contributes more than 70% of world’s greengram production,while its cultivation has spread to Africa and America relatively in the recent times. The present study was confined toDharwad and Gadag districts of North Karnataka during the agriculture year 2021-22. The study aimed to assess theconstraints faced by greengram growers in adoption of improved varieties of greengram. A multistage random samplingprocedure was used for the selection of samples and data collected through a personal interview method using a pre-testedschedule. Collected data were analyzed by using suitable statistical tools like Garrett’s ranking technique and descriptivestatistics. The study revealed that the major production and constraints faced by the greengram growing farmers. Nonavailabilityof improved variety seeds and scarcity of labour during peak periods were the major production constraints,whereas, high price fluctuations andlack of storage facilities in villages were major marketing constraints faced by greengramgrowing farmers in study area. All the adopted farmers opined that improved variety (DGGV-2) is ideal for mechanicalharvesting and gave more grain yield than the existing varieties of greengram hence it plays amajor role in increasing the farmincome of the greengram cultivars.

Awareness and Attitude of beneficiaries towards Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme in Prakasham District of Andhra Pradesh, India

The present study was carried out using Ex-post facto research design as the event had already occurred. The study was conducted during 2021-22 by selecting state Andhra Pradesh and district Prakasham as the researcher hales to this region and also due to low literacy levels there was a need to bring more awareness about the programme to the women. For this study, four blocks were selected from the district. From each block two villages were choosed and from each village 10 respondents were selected using random sampling constituting a sample of 80 beneficiaries. The data was collected through personal interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. The findings revealed that, most of them were having medium level (62.50%) of awareness towards the scheme, followed by high level (37.50%) and then low level (25.00%) of awareness towards the scheme. The study revealed that two-third (67.50%) of the beneficiaries were having neutral attitude towards the scheme, followed by 17.50% with negative attitude and the remaining (15.00%) had positive attitude towards the scheme.

Constraints and Suggestions of Fruit Crop Growers of Vijayapura District, India

The study was conducted in Vijayapura district of Karnataka during 2019-20 to analyse the constraints and suggestions of fruit crop growers. Forty each grape, lime and pomegranate growers were selected by use of simple random sampling technique. Thus, making a total sample size of 120. Personal interview method was used to collect data and appropriate statistical tools were applied to analyse the data. The findings revealed that, with respect to the constraints faced by fruit crop growers in fruit crop production, production constraints were lack of irrigation facilities (87.50%) followed by high cost of inputs (73.33%). Major financial constraints were non-availability of credit at right time (73.33%) followed by inadequate credit (70.83%). High wages (70.00%) and non-availability of labourer (61.67%) were the main issues relating to labour constraints. Regarding marketing constraints, fluctuating price (87.17%) followed by delayed cash payment and exploitation by middlemen (77.50%) were the major constraints. The suggestions offered by the fruit crop growers are provision for irrigation facility (85.00%) followed by provision of timely and adequate market information (76.67%), protection from exploitation by middlemen (75.00%). Provision for suitable market infrastructure, timely and adequate credit, timely and adequate cash payment, continuous power supply, interest free credit and longer repayment period for credit were other suggestions offered to improve the returns from fruit crop cultivation.

Financial, Institutional, and Humanitarian Risks and Their Impact on Tomato Cultivation in Sulaymani Governorate

The research aimed to identify the level of financial, institutional, and humanitarian risks facing tomato farmers in Sulaymani Governorate, Furthermore, the study aimed to assess the variability in farmers' viewpoints with regard to these risks based on the pertinent research variables. the data were collected using a questionnaire and a personal interview method by taking a multi-stage random sample by selecting three areas famous for growing tomatoes in Sulaymani Governorate with (1750) farmers, Then, in the second stage, a proportional stratified random sample of (16%) was taken from the research population, so the sample size was (280) farmers. The results showed that the level of financial, institutional, and humanitarian risks facing tomato farmers is high, tending to medium. The results showed that there is a difference in farmers' opinions regarding the financial, institutional, and humanitarian risks facing tomato farmers in accordance with the specified research variables, (Age, Type of farm holding, Volume of tomato production during the year, Contact with the agricultural extension, Sources of agricultural information), While there is no discrepancy in farmers’ opinions regarding financial, institutional, and humanitarian risks according to the research variables (Educational level, Years of agricultural experience, Size of farm holding, Participation in training courses) Therefore, the researchers recommend diversifying the crops grown in addition to tomatoes, preparing an integrated agricultural indicative plan, and providing occupational safety and health for workers on the farm to reduce the financial, institutional, and humanitarian risks in tomato production.

READERS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT THE ANDISHA SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE OF HERAT UNIVERSITY OF AFGHANISTAN

Information and communication revolution has brought radical changes in the life style of users. Print media has broken the geographical barriers and also have become more so common with them. During the last few decades, the educational world has begun to appreciate the enormous potential of information and communication technology, which influences our future lives. Improved communication and information access is related to social and economic development. Print media provides an opportunity to bridge the gap between information rich and information poor. Audience research beside the media research is one of the stages which the study was undertaken, under this stage the data were collected from a sample of 80 subscribers from Herat University campus, using personal interview method with the help of well-structured pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that most of the readers rated the magazine as moderately effective. Ease in reading, attractiveness of the title and design of the cover page, among cover page components; readability, accuracy, clarity, usefulness, relevancy and adequacy of information among content components and letter size and number of pages per article and magazine among format components received the highest perception score.

Adoption of Recommended Practices of Tapioca by the Eri Silkworm Rearers of Udalguri, Assam, India

The study was carried out in the Udalguri district of Assam in the year 2021–2022 with a sample size of 120 to know the adoption of recommended practices of tapioca cultivation by the eri silkworm rearer. Udalguri district is well known for its traditional eri silkworm rearing. It is not only an important component of the people's traditions, but it also has the ability to create sustainable livelihood for rural residents. The data were collected from 6 (six) sericultural circles from the 3 (three) development blocks of Udalguri district viz., Udalguri block, Rowta block and Mazbat block by using personal interview method and a structured schedule. It was observed from the study that 75 per cent of respondents had medium level of adoption of scientific tapioca cultivation, whereas 15 per cent of the eri rearer had low level of adoption and only 10 per cent of them showed high level of adoption of scientific tapioca cultivation practices. It is imperative to conclude from the study that eri industry is strong enough to establish a distinctive identity in the study area. Tapioca cultivation involves simple scientific technology which is easy to understand and adopt. Hence, the study recommended that the rearers need to be encouraged towards the adoption of scientific recommended practices of tapioca to achieve better production and income generation.

Production and Marketing Risks for Tomato Growers in Halabja and Sulaymani Governorates in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq

The study aimed to identify the level of production and marketing risks facing tomato growers in the governorates of Halabja and Sulaymani, As well as determining the discrepancy between the independent variables studied for the respondents and the production and marketing risks, The data was collected using a questionnaire and the method of personal interview by taking a multi-stage random sample by selecting four regions famous for tomato cultivation in Halabja and Sulaymani governorates with (2050) farmers. Then, in the second stage, a proportional stratified random sample (16%) of the research population was taken. The sample size was (328) farmers. The results showed that the level of production and marketing risks facing tomato growers is high and tends to be medium. The result showed that there is no discrepancy in the opinions of farmers about the production and marketing risks facing tomato growers according to the research variables (Age, Size of farm holding, Type of farm holding, and Contact with the Agricultural Extension Worker), Conversely, disparities arise in relation to the research variables (Educational level, Years of agricultural experience, Volume of tomato production during the year, Involvement in training programs, Sources of agricultural information). Therefore, the researchers recommend intensifying specialized Involvement in training programs in the field of tomato production, marketing, and distributing production and marketing requirements to farmers at reasonable prices or supported by the government.

Participatory definition of breeding objectives and breeding practice for goat population in northeastern Ethiopia: An input for in-situ conservation and genetic improvement program

Knowing the production system and breeding objectives is a prerequisite for designing in-situ conservation and genetic improvement programs. This study aimed to characterize goats' breeding practices and relative importance and identify goat keepers' breeding objectives. Data were collected through three approaches: formal personal interviews, measurement of morphological traits of live animals, and own flock ranking methods. Several SAS procedures were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that goats were the second most economically important livestock species next to cattle. Income generation and home meat consumption were the major reasons for keeping goats. The mating method was an uncontrolled natural mating method. Most (90–100%) goat keepers select male and female goats to be a parent for the next generation. Coat color, physical appearance, twinning ability, milk yield, and kid growth were identified as breeding objectives for breeding females through the personal interview method. Similarly, the most crucial traits for selecting a buck were growth, physical appearance, and coat color. Based on own animal ranking method, coat color, physical appearance, milk yield, twining ability, and mothering ability were the most important traits. The rank of animals was in line with the phenotype of morphological traits and market price. In conclusion, coat color, physical appearance, milk yield, and twining ability were identified to be the most important traits. Therefore, these breeding objectives can be used as input for designing a genetic improvement program for this goat population.

Analysis of Educational and Institutional Security among Dairy Farmers in Bundelkhand Region, India

Education plays an important role in the modernized farm environment rather than the traditional one. The ability of farmers to deal with disequilibrium produced by the use of modern technologies is primarily determined by their education. Based on a thorough examination of the literature and discussions with extension professionals, an index was developed to assess the educational and institutional security of dairy farmers. Data were gathered through personal interview method with the help of the structured interview schedule. After the collection of data, the results were analyzed by using some statistical tools like percentage analysis, correlation and regression. The majority (>75%) of the respondents among medium farmers had a low to medium level of institutional security, whereas among large farmers the majority (53.34%) of the respondents had a high level of institutional security. Education, land holding, annual income and mass media exposure had positive and highly significant relationship with educational security at the 1 percent level of significance. The beta coefficient and their corresponding value indicate varying level of contribution towards dependent variable under the study. When the data was put into a regression analysis for asserting the R2 value, then it was found that they were cumulatively responsible for accounting 53.90 percent variability towards dependent variable i.e. educational security. The fitted regression model was observed to be significant at 1 percent level of significance. The variables education, social participation and annual income were found to be highly significant (p<0.01) while, experience in dairying, land holding and extension contact was found to be significant (p<0.05).

The Effect of Night Shifts on Nurses' Health and Well-Being in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of night shift work on nurses’ health and well-being. Methods: 100 nurses in all were chosen at random from various hospital located in Itanagar. Data was collected from night shift working nurses by self-administered questionnaire through personal interview method. Data was used to gather information on socio- demographic, anthropometric measurements, professional, physical activity, food habits and intakes were collected. To study the detrimental impact of night shift employment on the health and wellbeing descriptive frequency and correlation were used. Results: One hundred nurses in all, the majority of them had one or more health issues, digestive problems includes- disturbed appetite (60%), heartburn or stomach-ache (71%), feeling nausea/ dizziness (75%), difficulty in digestion (72%) and suffer from constipation (52%). Cardiovascular problems of the respondents it was found that out of 100 respondents (16%) workers reported that they are on their high blood pressure or cardiac problems and chronic chest disorder (6%) followed by (45%) workers were low blood pressure. About 23% of nurses regularly skip meals, followed by 52% of nurses who did so once or twice, and the majority of nurses did not eat at set times. The results showed that 72% of nurses often ate fast food; only 8% of nurses took home-cooked meals with them for dinner. During night shifts, chips, cookies, sweets, and were the most popular munchies. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that nurses working nights have bad eating habits that cause their diets to be unbalanced. They eat less nutrient-dense foods but a greater number of meals that are rich in calories. They also rarely engage in any sort of exercise outdoors from what they do for a living and frequently prefer to eat snacks rather than full meals. The hospital's nurses need to get nutritional hygiene counseling, and night shift food service needs to be enhanced.

Constraints and Suggestions Expressed by the Beneficiaries of Krishi Bhagya Scheme in North Eastern Karnataka Region, India

Krishi Bhagya Scheme lunched by Government of Karnataka with the aim of securing the farmer’s income by taking up on-farm rainwater conservation practices exclusively for the dry-land farmers who rely on the annual rainfall for their farming. It also encourages the farmers to adopt modern technologies for efficient use of. In this study, an attempt has been made to document the constraints faced by the Krishi Bhagya Schme beneficiaries and seek their suggestions to overcome them in Kalaburagi and Ballari districts of North-Eastern Karnataka region during the year 2019-20. Totally 180 respondents were considered for the study and personal interview method was adopted for collection of data. The data was analysed using frequency and percentage analysis. The results revealed that, The results indicated that 90.00 per cent of the beneficiaries stated that the lengthy time required for completing procedure (Rank I), 85.00 per cent of the beneficiaries stated complexity and delay in sanctioning of subsidy and it was ranked second and Absence of fence and roof covers (62.22%) are the major constraints expressed by the Krishi Bhagya scheme beneficiaries. Increase percentage of subsidy (94.44%) and Timely release the subsidy amount (87.78 %) are the major suggestions expressed by the beneficiaries for effective implementation of Krishi Bhagya scheme

Unravelling the Challenges in Cotton Processing Industries: A Comprehensive Constraint Analysis

The textile industry is one of India's oldest industries and has been there for a long time. Cotton has a major economic influence in India, where it is mostly used in the textile sector. One of the most often produced and exported items from India is cotton yarn. The goal of the current study is to examine and record the challenges faced by the cotton processing units along the value chain of the crop. The study was conducted in Adilabad and Nalgonda districts of Telangana state. The required data was gathered from a sample size of 10 ginning mills, 10 spinning mills, 10 weaving mills, one dyeing and printing mill and one garment manufacturing unit, using well-structured and pretested schedule by personal interview method. To analyze the collected data Garrett ranking methodology was employed. The research found that, higher cost of machinery, higher rate of interest, exorbitant prices of raw material, underutilization of installed capacity, higher working capital requirement, shortage of electricity, lack of technical human resource, competition from the big and organized sector and lack of marketing cooperatives were the major problem faced by the different processing units of cotton. Therefore, the study suggests that the government provide subsidies for the purchase of machinery, at least for small-scale businesses, impart training to the youth and establishment of marketing cooperative at every successive stage of the cotton processing in order to make the processing units more competitive in business.

Socio-Economic Profile of the Krishi Vignan Kendra Rural Youth Trainees in Western Part of Uttar Pradesh, India

The present research study was carried out during 2022-23 to known the Socio-economic profile of the Krishi Vignan Kendra rural youth trainees in Western part of Uttar Pradesh. Out of 20 Krishi Vignan Kendras (KVKs) under Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, meerut, three KVKs were selected purposively for the study. From each KVK, 60 rural youth trainees were selected randomly constituting a sample of 180 respondents. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data through personal interview method. The study reported that majority (45.56%) of the rural youth trainees belonged to middle aged group of 25 to 30 years were male (83.90%) belonging to other backward caste (53.33%), educated up to high school (45.56%) with marginal land holding (49.40%) and (76.10%) had social participation. Majority (52.78%) of the rural youth trainees were involved in mushroom production having medium (43.30%) annual income of 1 to 4 lakhs, medium (51.11%) information source utilization,low experience (66.67%) of up to 5 years in mushroom cultivation, medium (54.44%) achievement motivation and medium (52.78%) economic motivation. Majority (70.56%) rural youth trainees received on campus training and (72.22%) of the rural youth trainees participated in one fortnight training programmes.

Impact of Organic Farming on the Livelihood of Organic Farmers in Manipur

Impact of Organic Farming on the Livelihood of Organic Farmers in Manipur

Determinants of Youth Migration to Urban Areas in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Youth are considered as the pillars that provide support and strength to the country. India is said to be a land of youth and villages. This paper is an effort to analyze the socio-economic profile of rural youths of eastern Uttar Pradesh along with their Migration Status. The sample size of 160 rural youth was randomly selected for the study and data were collected through personal interview method during 2023. Multi stage random sampling technique was adopted for the study with the Descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh in the districts Chandauli, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, and Deoria. Two blocks were selected from each selected district. Therefore, total of eight blocks were considered for study. From each selected block, two villages were selected for the present research. Ultimately, Sixteen villages were selected. A total of 160 respondents were selected from 16 villages, 10 respondents from each village. To obtain the data from 160 respondents, 197 respondents were contacted for clear and satisfactory response as per specific objectives of the study. The study revealed that highest per centage (47.50 per cent) of respondents were from middle age rural youth category i.e. 18-24 years and maximum number of respondents (55.63 per cent) belonged to other backward caste with maximum numbers of respondents (49.37 per cent) were graduate level of education. Joint family along with Mixed housing pattern is more common as revealed from the study. Most (38.13 per cent) of the respondents had small land holding i.e. 1-2ha with (48.12 per cent) of respondents having income between Rs. 2,00,001-3,00,000 income per annum from agriculture while Study also reveals that maximum land are owned by parents. 66.25 per cent of the respondents have prior migration experience and the main reason behind migration was education.

Value Chain of Cotton Industry: A Study in Adilabad and Nalgonda Districts of Telangana

Aim: To identify the main chain actors involved in value chain of cotton and asses their linkage, roles and responsibilities in the value chain and to map the complete value chain of cotton from producers to consumers.
 Methodology: Descriptive statistics mainly value chain analysis is used to map the generic value chain of cotton. The required primary data about the movement of cotton along the length of the value chain were collected from different stake holders involved in the value chain through pretested questionnaires by employing personal interview method.
 Results: It was found that value chain of cotton includes many stakeholders like input suppliers, producers, intermediaries, processors like ginners, spinners, weavers, dyers and printers and garment manufactures, playing their respective role in the value chain.
 Conclusion: Cotton crop undergoes multistage processing at the industrial level and it has very complex value chain involving multiple stake holders. Cotton has enormous potential as a source of raw materials for the textile industry. However, the low productivity, which is primarily the result of suboptimal farming practices, limits the total expansion of the cotton business. There is a need to set up a common platform which engage all stakeholders from farmer to consumers and strengthen the linkage between them so as to trade without the mediation of the brokers or commission agents.

Impact of Mulberry Cultivation on Beneficiary Farmers in Amravati District, India

The present study was conducted in Amravati district in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. Six villages were selected from one taluka respectively. The 80 respondents were selected from 6 villages. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of a structured interview schedule. The data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The variables namely occupation, land holding, annual income, income from sericulture, farming experience, sources of information, training received and marketing facilities are positively and highly significant with social and economic impact at 0.01 level of probability. The variables namely education and extension contact are positively significant with social and economic impact at 0.05 level of probability. Whereas, the age of the respondent sericulturists had a non-significant relationship with the social and economic impact of mulberry cultivation. The financial gain by the beneficiaries of mulberry cultivation from one acre per year (4 rotations) was Rs.1,00,000. The majority of the respondent sericulturists faced problems related to the shortage of irrigation water, high labour charges, markets far away from the sericulture unit and lack of knowledge about disease control in mulberry.