Personal Interview Method Research Articles

Involvement of Rural People in Swachh Bharath Mission – A Study on Socio Economic Profile

Study was carried out in 2020-2021 from Dharwad taluk (Dharwad district) and Muddebihal taluk (Vijayapura district) of Karnataka. The present research aimed to explore the existing awareness and involvement about Swachh Bharath Mission among rural people. A total of 320 respondents were selected for the study through purposive random sampling technique. Data was collected through personal interview method and analayzed through frequency and percentages. Swachh Bharath Abhiyan is not a new programme. Launched in 1986 as the central rural sanitation programme, the scheme advanced became the total sanitation campaign (1999) and nirmal bharath abhiyan (2012). Some regard it as simply a retitling. It can be concluded from the study that, higher percentage of the respondents belonged to poor class of socio-economic status. Half of the respondents were members of self-help groups. Maximum per cent of respondents possessed television followed by mobile and radio. Gram panchayath was the Source of SBM information according to majority of respondents. Most of the respondents had simple Indian toilets at their houses and more than half of the respondents constructed the toilets through government financial support. Large majority of the respondents carrying the water in bucket to the toilet and little more than the one third of the respondents mentioned inadequate water facility as the reason for non-construction of toilet. Nearly half of the respondents were using cotton cloths during menstruation. Major per cent of the respondents were practice of changing pads/cloths during menstruation at an interval of 5-7 hrs. Large majority of the respondents had open drainage system and majority of the respondents did not practice segregation of wastes and majority of the respondents disposing waste in garbage pit.

Knowledge Level and Adoption Behaviour of Farmers towards Organic Farming Practices in Mokokchung District of Nagaland

In this modern world, where every sector tends to adopt scientific and innovative techniques; agriculture turns out to be a distinct sector by adopting traditional organic farming practices. This implies the people’s concern towards health, environment and soil health. Thus, farmers are now organic driven and there arises a need to understand the knowledge and adoption level of farmers towards organic farming practices. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Four villages in Longchem block of Mokokchung district of Nagaland is selected purposively. 120 organic farmers from 4 villages constitute the primary respondents of the study. Data were collected from the respondents through personal interview method with the help of pre-tested schedule. Based on the findings, it was observed that higher proportion of organic farmers had medium level of knowledge (59.20%) and medium level of adoption (74.10%) respectively. Educational level, information source, risk orientation and land holding of the organic farmers had positive and significant relationship with the knowledge and adoption level of the organic farmers. Vocational training programmes should be organized and adequate marketing infrastructure should be established for input procurement and marketing or organic produce.

Study of Menstrual Hygiene Practices among the Women of Reproductive Age Group in Sangrur Village, Pune-Maharashtra

Menstrual hygiene is a concept of deep concern as; unhygienic practices can lead to health problems like reproductive tract infections and their complications. There is a definite difference between the menstrual hygiene practices among urban and rural women, influenced by literacy, awareness, accessibility, and exposure. This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Sangrur village, Pune using a questionnaire and personal interview method. It was observed that 70% of the population used cloth during menstruation; irrespective of that 83% were aware of sanitary napkins. The women’s attitude of resistance to change and lack of information about the importance of using sanitary napkins were found to be the reasons for not shifting to sanitary napkins. Sanitary product used and period hygiene practices adopted by the women of Sangrur village, Pune is unsatisfactory. Improving the level of health education can go a long way in enhancing menstrual hygiene practices.

Women entrepreneurs in Southern Ethiopia: Capacity building programs for women empowerment and challenges in implementation

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the availability of capacity-building programs for women entrepreneurs and investigate the main challenges that women entrepreneurs face. 258 women entrepreneurs were randomly selected from six randomly selected zones in the SNNPR using a two-stage selection technique. Paper Assisted Personal Interview (PAPI) method was used to acquire quantitative data from women entrepreneurs. In addition, key informant interviews and focus group discussions with government officials and women entrepreneurs were conducted. Quantitative data were interpreted using inferential statistics such as proportion tests, pairwise proportion tests, and chi-square test, while qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic method. We found that training, marketplace, and cooperative services are relatively easily provided and implemented, while credit and market information are challenges for women entrepreneurs. Financial constraint is a main problem. Findings show that government and other bodies are working to strengthen the capacity of women entrepreneurs but that implementation is the weak link.

Integration Environmental Aspects onto Customer Requirement to Develop Green Quality Function Deployment

The extensive global competition between companies and the development of new industrial technologies have greatly contributed to the current competitive conditions Like industrial companies, customers demand high quality products, low prices and better performance. This fierce competition has led to concerns about improved product design. This development is based on GQFD. Model of this developed Water pump is employed by CAD solid model (version 7). In order to achieve competition and high quality and high performance in the Iraqi market. GQFD demonstrates the balance between product development and environmental protection. Used a water pump for a home air cooler as a case study. Data is collected and distributed using personal interview methods and questionnaire forms to indicate customer requirements. The data is then analyzed using Pareto chart and AHP to prioritize customer needs. These priorities are then placed in house of quality and matrix of relationships between customer requirements and technical characteristics is established. The product has been developed from electrical to mechanical, in addition to using accumulated, stored and recycled materials; it also saves 20% of energy, thereby combining energy reduction with the use of damaged materials and their re-entry into work. As a result, the cost of pump manufacturing will decrease

Mapping channel operations in agri-input markets: An Indian context

India’s agriculture input markets are undergoing significant changes in terms of size, participation, and diversification. The study was undertaken to map current operations of the agriculture input markets in two districts viz., Guntur and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh state and two districts viz., Nalgonda and Khammam of Telangana state. Sixty agriculture input retailers were selected using a random sampling method for the study. The data were collected from each respondent through a personal interview method with the help of a structured schedule. Distribution of the respondents based on personal and socioeconomic characteristics showed that the majority of the agricultural input dealers were middle-aged (50%), had education till intermediate level (58%), farming experience of more than 10 years (44%), solo proprietary (90%), business experience in a range of 5 - 10 years (44%), annual business turnover more than 1 crore (75%), had smartphones (93%), dealing with agrochemicals (96.7%), dealing with chemical fertilizers (86.7%), orders agriculture inputs weekly during the season (50%), preferred to buy inputs directly from the company (73%), fulfilling the local demand of farmers was the most preferable parameter while selecting a product line (4.18), farmer’s choice as the most priority while selecting a particular brand in agriculture inputs (4.35), and the level of pests and diseases incidence during the current season while taking inventory holding decision.

Constraints Faced by the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) Beneficiaries in Adoption of Drip Irrigation System in Tamil Nadu

Objective: Tamil Nadu is leading in installation of drip irrigation system among the various states of India The study attempted to identify the constraints in adoption of drip irrigation system among the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) beneficiaries in Dharmapuri, Salem and Erode Districts of Tamil Nadu state. Method: The data were collected by personal interview method. The constraints were classified into, technical, infrastructural, financial and educational constraints. The respondents were asked to mention the various constraints faced by them in adoption of drip irrigation system. The constraints were ranked by using Garrett Ranking method. Findings : The technical constraints faced by the PMKSY beneficiaries in adoption of drip irrigation technology were ‘not suitable for field crops’ (74.38), ‘clogging of drippers by suspended materials’ (62.82), required frequent maintenance (59.71), difficult to maintain optimum pressure to discharge water (50.85) and etc., The infrastructural constraints faced by the PMKSY beneficiaries in adoption of drip irrigation technology were insufficient supply of electricity for irrigation field (72.76), poor after sales service of the companies (62.90), non-availability technical staff (55.65) inadequate distribution network in rural areas (41.56), non-availability of spare parts in time (39.11) and poor quality of pipes and micro-tubes (38.06). High cost of maintenance (89.38), ‘high cost of equipment / spare parts’ (86.11), requirement of additional tank to get optimum pressure (81.86), provision of poor subsidy (80.75), tedious loaning procedure (77.88) and high cost of liquid fertilizer (72.20) were the financial constraints encountered by the farmers in adoption of drip irrigation system. The Educational constraints faced by the PMKSY beneficiaries were perceived as inadequate awareness about the advantage of drip irrigation technology (73.15). Novelty: A unique aspect of the proposed research findings of constraints, use policy-maker based on the researchfindings, recommendations for future research management implications are addressed. Keywords: Drip Irrigation; PMKSY; Constraints; Adoption; Dripper; Micro Tubes; Technical Know How

Analysis on adoption of sugarcane production technologies of UAS Dharwad by the farmers of North Karnataka

The present study on adoption of sugarcane production technologies of UAS Dharwad by the farmers of North Karnataka was undertaken during 2021-22. The ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. Among sample of 160 sugarcane growers, 20 sugarcane growers were randomly selected from each village of selected two villages from talukas viz., Athani and Gokak from Belagavi district and Jamakhandi and Mudhol from Bagalkot district. Data was collected by personal interview method using structured schedule. The major findings of the study were, 38.12 per cent of sugarcane growers observed in medium category of adoption followed by high (33.75 %) and low (28.12 %) category of adoption. With respect to adoption of individual production technologies cent per cent of growers adopted soil type, earthing up (after 110 days of planting), hand weeding and harvesting of sugarcane 10-14 months after planting. Majority of growers adopted recommended varieties, 120 cm row spacing, quantity of FYM, quality of setts, quantity of setts, flood irrigation, intercropping of maize, de trashing, spraying of post emergent herbicides, harvesting of sugarcane within two months of emergence of flower and manual harvesting.

Knowledge of sugarcane production technologies of UAS Dharwad by the farmers of North Karnataka

The present study on knowledge of sugarcane production technologies of UAS Dharwad by the farmers of North Karnataka was undertaken during 2021-22. The ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. Among sample of 160 sugarcane growers, 20 sugarcane growers were randomly selected from each village of selected two villages from talukas viz., Athani and Gokak from Belagavi district and Jamakhandi and Mudhol from Bagalkot district. Data was collected by personal interview method using structured schedule. The study revealed that, 40.64 per cent of sugarcane growers belonged to medium category of knowledge followed by high (32.50 %) and low (26.86 %) category. With respect knowledge of individual production technologies cent per cent of growers had knowledge of suitable soil type, varieties, planting time (June-September, January- February), spacing of 120cm, methods of irrigation (drip and flood), quantity of FYM, intercropping of maize, after cultivation practices (earthingup, de trashing and propping), spraying of post emergent herbicides, hand weeding (after 45-60 days and after 90 days of planting) and knowledge of harvesting measures.

Politics of gender: challenges of being a feminist male women human rights defender in the north-eastern periphery of India

ABSTRACT Masculinity and manhood are prerequisite characteristics desired and demanded from every male individual born in Indian society. They are taught to become an ‘Ideal Indian Man’ from the time they are born. Critical reading of masculine attributes is an important facet of feminist discourse. Men who become a part of this quest and movement as ‘women rights activists’, fighting against gender inequality, are often ridiculed and discouraged. In this context, this paper brings out the narratives and struggles of being a male ‘women human rights defender’ in India. According to the information published on the official website of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), women human rights defenders (WHRDs) are people of all genders who work, promote, defend, advance, and advocate for gender equality, and stand for the cause of human rights of women. Hence, going by the definition mentioned above, I argue that a feminist man working relentlessly on women’s issues will surely fall under the category of ‘women human rights defenders’. Their personal experiences and struggles as WHRDs working in their local areas voice varied forms of challenges, stigma, ostracisation, and life risks that otherwise go unnoticed, unspoken, and at times trivialised because of their gender. With an objective to bring out a broader conversation between masculinity studies and feminist scholarship, this paper analyses the challenges of being feminist male WHRDs. To examine this position as a WHRD, the paper will look into the questions of (1) being a man who is always looked upon with suspicion as a person occupying a privileged gender position; (2) a man working on gender-sensitive issues such as human/sex trafficking, child abuse, violence, conflict, and displacement; and (3) his regional location and social class. This paper will structure details of different forms of gender-based lived experiences of selected male WHRDs working in various districts of Assam and West Bengal, through personal interview methods.

Constraints in the production and marketing of mustard in Surguja district of Chhattisgarh

The present study was conducted in the Surguja district of Chhattisgarh. 150 farmers were selected purposely on the basis of the total number of farmers in the district, with categories based on different farm categories from the 12 villages. The primary data was collected in the cropping year 2017-18 from sampled households through the personal interview method with the help of a well-prepared schedule and questionnaire. In which the cropping intensity was about (139.57 per cent). An average cost of cultivation per hectare of mustard was calculated at Rs. 18997.12. The average yield of mustard is 11.82 qtl. On an average, the input output ratio in mustard was 1:1.77 on the sample farms. The average cost of production per quintal of mustard was worked out to be Rs. 1607.19. The net income was calculated to be Rs. 37808.03 per hectare. There are three marketing channels for mustard crop marketing preferred by sample house hold as given below:-Channel I: Producer–Agent–Processor–Retailer–Consumer. Producers. Channel II: Village Traders/Agents, Wholesalers, Millers/Processors, Retailers, and Consumers. Channel III: Producer-Wholesaler-Processor-Retailer-Consumers. Only three channels were preferred by sample households for the selling of mustard. The majority of mustard seeds were sold through the agent by marginal farmers, approximately 66.67 percent, and the majority of small and medium farmers were sold through village traders, approximately 61.76 percent and 65.71 percent, respectively, while large farmers were sold through village traders, 53.33 percent. Overall, 44.52 percent of farm product is sold through agents. The mustard problem is faced by a lack of implementation of MSP in pulses and oilseed crops and a lack of a sufficient number of processing units (Rank I) (100.00 per cent). The study suggested that urgent attention must be paid towards enhancing the productivity and marketing of rapeseed-mustard by providing improved and high-yielding varieties, technology; irrigation; marketing; price support; policy; and effective extension.

A Study on Constraints of Ericulture in Dhemaji District of Assam

Sericulture might be considered as an important area for uplifting the economy of rural masses of Assam as the nature has endowed with favorable climatic and environmental conditions for various silk producing worms and their food plants. The research study was undertaken in the purposively selected Dhemaji districts of Assam during the year 2022 with the objectives to study profile characteristics of Eri rearers and to explore the problems faced by them. A total of 120 farmers were selected as respondents and data were collected by following simple random sampling technique by the personal interview method using standardized structured interview schedule. Constraints faced by the Eri silkworm rearers were majorly categorized into five broad categories, viz., personal problem, non-availability of resources, problems during rearing of silkworm, marketing problems and problems related to post cocoon sector of sericulture Appropriate statistical tools viz. frequency, percentage, mean was employed to analyze the data. Findings revealed that majority of the respondents termed “lack of capital” (2.86), “unavailability of rearing equipment” (2.66), “could not get seed in time” (2.88), “involvement of middle men” (2.75) and “lack of availability of spinning machine” (2.73) as the most serious problem under each category.

Information Receiving Behavior of Farmers: The Structural and Functional Analysis

Farmers are the primary producers of food and other agricultural goods play a crucial part in the agricultural sector. Farmers need fast and accurate information on a variety of farming-related issues including weather, markets, pests and diseases, farming techniques, and agricultural inputs, to make informed decisions. Farmers’ information-seeking behaviour, however, differs based on several conditions. The proficiency in information-receiving behavior and its interpretation merit humongous importance for the triumph of entrepreneurial success far beyond subsistence farming. The study was conducted in the Nayagarh district of Odisha by selecting one hundred FPO member farmers following multistage and snowballing sampling techniques. A structured interview schedule was prepared and data were collected using the personal interview method. The study envisages that variables viz. age, crop yield, no. of male workers, marketed surplus, and materials possessed and training exposure have significant contributions to the functional contribution of information receiving behaviour of the farmers. The study suggests that improvement of farmers’ network and extension agent farmers’ relationship may be helpful for quick technology dissemination and overall improvement of the farming community.

Assessing Composite Livelihood Security and its Determinants Among Rural Households

The study was conducted during 2022 in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh to analyze the livelihood security of rural households. Data was collected from 515 households through personal interview method using kobo collect. Landless and marginal farmers were more food insecure in the region. Forty four % of the households were food insecure. Composite livelihood security index was constructed using six domain indicators viz., habitat, health, economic, food, nutrition and social participation security. The weight for each domain indicator was derived from principal component analysis. The composite livelihood security index was 0.44 among the respondents. The livelihood security was high for medium farmers (0.46) followed by small farmers (0.45). Farming experience, social participation, livestock possession, income, calorie intake, body mass index and wealth significantly influenced the livelihood security. Lack of awareness on pest and disease control and poor price realization were the major constraints faced by the farmers. Technological, institutional and policy interventions are necessary to enhance their livelihood status.

APMC (AGRICULTURE PRODUCE MARKET COMMITTEE) WOMEN’A KNOWLEDGE IN POST-HARVEST ACTIVITIES OF DRY CHILLI

Chilli (Capsicum annuum) is the universal spice in India cultivated almost throughout the country. Andhra Pradesh is known for its spicy Guntur chilli which exports premium quality chilli and is in a high demand all throughout the world for its extreme spiciness. Guntur Mirchi Yard” is the major trade area for Guntur chilli in Andhra Pradesh which is Asia’s largest dried red chilli market. Byadgi chilli of Karnataka is equally famous as that of Guntur but this variety is prized for its colour. The current study was piloted in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh which are unveiled as the prominent chilli growing states for the period of the year 2019-2020. Overall 120 women labourers from both the expand APMCs were selected through purposive random sampling technique. Personal interview method was used to collect the data and analysed through frequency, percentage, correlation and t-test. Results from the study indicated that, with regard to overall knowledge index, majority (86.67%) of Byadgi and three fourth of (73.33%) Guntur APMC women labourers belonged to medium level of knowledge category. Results from the study also indicated that, there was no significant difference in knowledge of Byadgi and Guntur APMC labourers (1.167NS).

Identifying the Influencing Factors for the BMI by Bayesian and Frequentist Multiple Linear Regression Models: A Comparative Study.

In this article, we attempt to demonstrate the superiority of the Bayesian approach over the frequentist approaches of the multiple linear regression model in identifying the influencing factors for the response variable. A survey was conducted among the 310 respondents from the Kathirkamam area in Puducherry. We have considered the response variable, body mass index (BMI), and the predictors such as age, weight, gender, nature of the job, and marital status of individuals were collected with the personal interview method. Jeffreys's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) software was used to analyze the dataset. In the conventional multiple linear regression model, the single value of regression coefficients is determined, while in the Bayesian linear regression model, the regression coefficient of each predictor follows a specific posterior distribution. Furthermore, it would be most useful to identify the best models from the list of possible models with posterior probability values. An inclusion probability for all the predictors will give a superior idea of whether the predictors are included in the model with probability. The Bayesian framework offers a wide range of results for the regression coefficients instead of the single value of regression coefficients in the frequentist test. Such advantages of the Bayesian approach will catapult the quality of investigation outputs by giving more reliability to solutions of scientific problems.

“Measurement of Effectiveness of Marketing Strategies of Satellite Television Channels in Bangladesh”

In today’s modern world television is not only a medium of entertainment, it has become edutainment. Satellite channels have enabled people to get knowledge and entertainment together. Realizing the need of people for edutainment different organizations have come forward and tried to meet the unsatisfied need. It has brought the world to our palms. In this paper, the author has tried to analyze the current situation of this industry and the marketing strategies undertaken by selected satellite channels in Bangladesh which include Channel I, RTV, NTV, and Bangla Vision. The channels are selected on the basis of the convenience of the researchers. The Personal interview method is used to collect data regarding the marketing activities of the mentioned channels. The main focus of this paper is to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of those marketing activities and to find out the shortcomings of the usage of marketing tools by these channels.

Unveiling the Food and Income Insecurity among Farm Households of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

The study was conducted during 2022-23 to assess the level of food insecurity and income status among farm households. Data from 474 farmers through personal interview method were collected. Agriculture was the primary occupation for most households followed by off-farm activities. Average per capita annual income (Rs. 1,00,073) was lower than the national average. The per capita annual income was Rs. 73,303, Rs. 93,256 and Rs. 1,44,456 for marginal, small, and medium farmers, respectively. About 47 per cent of the expenditure was made on consumption. A comparison of calorie intake to recommended calorie intake indicated that food insecurity was prevailing among 26 percent of the farmers. The major contribution to calorie intake was from cereals, the consumption of vegetables and fruits was low. A decision tree model using machine learning algorithms was used to identify the factors influencing food security. Per capita income, family size, consumption expenditure, social participation, and land holdings had significant importance in classifying the households as food secure and insecure. Diversifying farm activities and creating additional opportunities in rural areas, teaching households about balanced diets, promoting home gardening, and institutional policies to improve food security may be the strategic points.

Constraints perceived by farmers in adoption of biofertilizer technologies

The present study was conducted during 2021-2022 in Dharwad and Gadag districts of North Karnataka with a specific objective to identify the constraints faced by farmers in adoption of biofertilizer technologies. Sixty farmers each of both districts were identified through simple random sampling method, thus constitutes a total sample of 120 respondents. In the investigation, ex-post facto research design is being employed. The interview schedule was developed based on the objective of the study and review of literature. The information was collected by personal interview method. Constraints and suggestions were analysed using Garrett’s ranking technique and it is observed that lack of required knowledge on biofertilizer technologies ranked first among constraints with garret score 73.00 followed by non-availability of biofertilizers locally at times when needed (71.60), slow results of biofertilizer technologies on different growth stages of crop or on standing crop (65.29), lack of technical guidance about biofertilizer technologies (58.10) and lack of financial support from government (56.00). The important suggestions stated by the farmers for improving adoption of biofertilizer technologies were organization of training/demonstrations on biofertilizer technologies on usage of biofertilizers, need of government support in the form of subsidies on biofertilizers and assured availability of bio-fertilizers in villages.

Weather Based Agromet Advisories – A Grass Root Level Analysis in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh

Weather based agromet advisories –A grass root level analysis was conducted in in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2021-2022. Created two groups first group adopting the agromet advisory services and another group was not aware of agromet advisory services A total 150 farmers were selected for this study among them 100 farmers in AAS group and rest 50 farmers in non-AAS group. Ex-Post-Facto research design was used for this study. Data was collected by pre-testing followed by personal interview method. Statistical tools like frequency, percentage and weighted mean score were used. majority of the AAS farmers belongs to middle aged (52%),males(100%),high school education(41%) and received the AAS in kharif,rabi seasons (60%),irrigated (100%),land holders (80%) and semi medium farm size (37%).AAS farmers had positive perception and attitude towards AAS.. Significant results were observed in crop in case of growth and yield among the AAS farmers compared to non-AAS farmers. The AAS farmers reported that they got 13, 8.5, 12, 4.1, 6.7, 12 and 14 per cent of additional benefit in paddy, maize, groundnut, Blackgram, chilli, tomato and banana respectively. agro-met advisory services should reach to more number of people” was ranked first suggestion followed by conduct more awareness programmes on agromet advisory services.