Method Of Literary Analysis Research Articles

В кармане у подпольного парадоксалиста

For many years, the F. Dostoyevsky researchers have been arguing about the function of money in the writer’s works. The majority of the Dostoyevsky specialists maintain that, even though the material issue remains urgent in all Dostoevsky’s works, it does not determine the characters’ attitudes and behavior. In order to refute this conventional opinion, the authors of the article have applied some of the most important aspects (Production, Internal Circulation, Metatheoretical) of the New Economic Criticism, a new method of literary analysis, originated a few decades ago in the United States, and also discuss various aspects of money as the economic category of Dostoyevsky’s works. The article is focused on the Notes from Underground, one of the most important novels of Dostoyevsky, written in the full swing of the incipient yet extensive reforms of the mid-19th century Russia. The article seeks to demonstrate that the economic practices of the main character not only determine the entire course of the story, but also reflect the essential principles of the Russian economic system functioning and its further change as well as help to reveal the meanings of the text no longer being recognized today.

Колониальные мотивы в английском неовикторианском романе: к постановке проблемы

The article focuses on the neo-Victorian postcolonial novel and on the late neo-Victorian novel with the colonial motives. The article explores genre peculiarities of these modifications of the late neo-Victorian novel. The article focuses on the problem of Britishness as a base of an English identity. ‘British’ features are the peculiar characteristics of any Victorian or modern Englishman. Understanding English national character with its Britishness is a key to the neo-Victorian postcolonial novel and the late neo-Victorian novel with the colonial motives appropriate reading. To achieve the aims of the article the following methods of literary analysis were used: typological, cultural and historical, comparative methods and intertextual analysis. Through the careful analyses of the neo-Victorian novels the author of the article concludes that Victorian colonial novels are the predecessors of the neo-Victorian novels with colonial motives as well as the neo-Victorian postcolonial novels. The basic differences between these varieties of the late neo-Victorian novel are determined by the origin of their author. As the author of the neo-Victorian postcolonial novel originates from the former colonies, such novels focuses on the postcolonial problematics and correspond to the postcolonial canon but not to the neo-Victorian one. On the contrary neo-Victorian novel with the colonial pastiches and parodies Victorian fiction. The prospects of the research include the further exploration of the neo-Victorian postcolonial novel and neo-Victorian novel with the colonial motives.

PERJUMPAAN ETIS DENGAN WAJAH YANG-LAIN: MEMBACA KARYA SASTRA DENGAN “ETIKA” LEVINASIAN

This paper aims to introduce a theoretical approach to literary studies regarding with relation between ethics and literature. For this pur pose, an ethical encounter, flourished by Emmanuel Levinas, will be highlighted to figure out that relation within Danarto and Putu Wijaya‘s narratives. The philosophical research is a kind of methodology on which this paper is based in order to search a possible way of adopting Levinasian ethics as method of literary analysis. It has resulted in some initial findings: (1) Danarto and Putu Wijaya‘s narratives can be regarded as ones conceiving ethical dimension and (2) some implications emerge subsequent to the analysis of relationship between Levinasian ethics and literature. Keywords: relation, ethics, literature, Levinas, Danarto and Putu Wijaya

KNYGŲ KOLEKCIJOS IN CORPORE LIETUVOS BIBLIOTEKOSE

A book collection in corpore is usually used to describe a historically formed, indivisible collection of books having a historic, scientific and cultural value. Specialized research on this topic in Lithuania has been scanty, if any, with the exception of research conducted on acquiring and storing book collections in libraries as well as similar topics. The article aims at investigating the theoretical aspects of using the term book collection and providing the analysis of existing practices and trends with regard to book collections both in Lithuanian and foreign libraries. To achieve this objective, the following methods of literary analysis and empirical research have been used: analysis of library websites, expert survey, interviews with the library staff taking care of book collections at their disposal. The objects of research are the book collections in corpore, acquired and stored in the National Library of Lithuania, libraries of state-level and county libraries. The libraries which decide to store and preserve book collections in corpore, undertake a museum function, that is, the inherent function pertinent to a memory institution. This function is not characteristic of public libraries. However, it is among the core functions of the libraries having the national and state status.Based on the criterion of the former owner, collections in corpore can be grouped as follows: personal libraries (the libraries of outstanding statesmen, public figures, science and culture mak­ers) and book heritage of various institutions (institutional libraries). It turned out that currently 144 collections in corpore are being stored in the National Library of Lithuania, state-level and coun­ty libraries, with personal libraries identified as the prevailing group among them (137). The seven remaining collections in corpore are institutional libraries.The analysis of the information available in library websites on the collections in corpore revealed that the material presented is rather scarce and the websites do not contain comprehensive infor­mation about the scope of the respective collections. Thus, the user’s access to information is rather restricted. Today, the acquisition of collections in corpore has been reduced in scope, reflecting the current situation in librarianship. The status of some of the libraries which have acquired a great many book collections in corpore (for example, Vilnius University Library) have to be reviewed. Hav­ing established whether we are dealing with a collection in corpore or whether it is merely a donated collection of books, we can integrate the books in question into the library holdings, marking book provenance indicators in a bibliographic description in the online catalogue. Due to their exclusiv­ity, book collections in corpore are becoming book monuments. Such a status puts their custodians under an obligation to treat them as the sets of documents having special value, that is, as book monuments.

CHARLESO DICKENSO KŪRYBOS RECEPCIJA LIETUVIŲ LITERATŪROS KRITIKOJE (III dalis)

Pirmojoje ir antrojoje šios studijos, skirtos lietuviškajai Charleso Dickenso recepcijai, dalyse1 apsiribojome dviem šios recepcijos aspektais: anglų rašytojo kūrinių vertimais į lietuvių kalbą, sceninėmis jų adaptacijomis ir kritikų vertinimais. Šioje dalyje pabandysime aptarti kitą labai svarbų recepcijos aspektą: Dickenso kūrybos vertinimą lietuvių literatūros kritikoje ir galimą anglų romanisto estetikos įtaką lietuvių literatūrai ir kultūrai. [...]

«Padre… y ¿dónde está el cordero para el holocausto?» Una aproximación Literaria a la Aquedá en Génesis 22,1-19

The Aqueda of Genesis 22 presents the test of the sacrifice of Isaac, child of promise. This text is analyzed using the method of literary analysis, within the theme of sacrifice: exploring the origin of Aqueda, characters. we propose a structure that will lead us to discover its internal connections, replicates and lines of meaning and to present lines of interpretation to the believer today.

Jagannath's Saligram: On Bruno Latour and Literary Critique After Postcoloniality

Bruno Latour has turned to Indian vernacular fiction to illustrate the limits of ideology critique. In examining the method of literary analysis that underlies his appropriation of postcolonial history and culture, we appeal to Edward Said's notion of "traveling theory" in order to discuss critically the aesthetic as well as political stakes of using the technology of the modern novel for the allegorical purposes that Latour has in mind. We argue that Latourian analysis fails to uphold its own rigorous aspirations when it reduces complex literary and cultural representation to universal allegory.

On the Teaching of Literature

Julius Lester makes the case that subjectivity is the key to rewarding reading experiences. Rather than pinning down the meaning of symbols or using other methods of literary analysis, his readers should be encouraged to “hear the silences between the words.”

Intimate Distance: the Dislocation of Nature in Modernity

the methods of literary analysis in an effort to understand both canonical texts and current sociopolitical events. This analysis focuses less on the meaning of terms than on the role they play; it involves a shift from historical definition to the problematics of reading (de Man 1979: ix). This new theory is especially helpful in discussing some of the central, and essentially contested, concepts in political theory. It helps us to understand these terms, not as unified markers, but in terms of the role they play in a given writer's thought or in the dynamics of a political culture. One of these key terms is Nature has had many meanings in political theory, and the unity and stability of those meanings has varied over time. A central feature of modernity is the shifting, problematic relation between and culture. In Ernesto Laclau's terms, has been dislocated insofar as its identity or meaning depends on an which both denies that identity and provides its condition of possibility at the same time (Laclau 1990: 39). Dislocation describes a situation of inescapable ambiguity. The opposition to provides the bedrock meaning of nature in the West, but this opposition has become fraught with tension. Since the eighteenth century, the outside of culture has given meaning to nature, but it has also increasingly been used to deny the identity of as something distinct from culture. This dislocation of is directly relevant to arguments about and within current social movements. They are relevant because underlies several crucial nodes of political argument: ideas of justice, of the desirability of change, of freedom and the limits of human action, of the source and possibility of knowledge, all involve differing senses and aspects of nature. The destabilization of is the open-

From Lion to Lamb: Exemplary Deaths in Chronicles of the Middle English Period

In their depiction of death and dying medieval English chroniclers from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries reveal certain similarities and consistencies which allow us to evaluate them as expressive of their times and their contemporaries' modes of perception. This article focuses on certain terms and modes of classification in which medieval chroniclers perceived death as a physical event with enormous moral consequences. The purpose of this article is to show with the method of literary analysis applied to historical texts—in particular one specific account of the death of King Richard the Lionheart—how certain patterns of evaluation can both conceal and reveal collective and individual assessments of death.

Conflicting Assumptions about Intention in Teaching Reading and Composition

IT IS MY HOPE in this paper that by discussing a difficult relationship between rhetorical theory and literary theory a pedagogical problem might b)e better understood. As teachers of both reading and composition skills in college English departments, we sometimes find ourselves in an awkward position, straddling an epistemological fence. (I am using the hypothetical we, of course, to refer to no one in particular.) The awkwardness comes about because we teach reading, for the most part, by teaching the reading of literature, and we teach composition by teaching the w riting of expository and argumentative prose-non-fiction prose, in other words, which has a thesis. ()Our assumptions ab)out hows to read, and hence the implicit principles of the methodology we use to teach it, come to us primarily through our understanding of the problems and methods of literary analysis. Our assumptions about how to w rite, on the other hand, and hence the implicit principles of the methodology we use to teach it, come from our understanding of rhetoric. From this difference in the sources of our assumptions emerges a conflict, one which seems to indicate that the two activities of reading and composing, despite the lip-service we pay to their interdependence, are fundamentally contradictory. I am speaking of a conflict b)etw een the assumptions we seem to be forced to make a)out the nature of authorial intention and its role in the creative and critical act. On the one hand, we teach that an author's intention necessarily remains unknowable through interpretive procedures, and hence that it is inappropriate to deduce intention from effect: this is the intentional fallacy. ()n the other hand, we claim that intention is absolutely necessary to our understanding while writing, because the only hasis of our choices as we compose is our consistent sense of a purpose: this is thc intentional imperative. What is really a conflict between the reader's point of view and the writer's point of view can, then, seem to urge a distinction between the work of literature and the work of argumentation. It is this forced distinction w hich I wish to address ultimately in this paper by talking first about the consequences of these conflicting assumptions. It seems almost unnecessary to say that the validity of teaching w riting as a learnable skill rests on the assumption that students w ill have purposes to w hich they w ill desire to put language, and that their ability to control it w ill depend on their recog-