Method Of Expert Estimations Research Articles

Improving the technical potential of agrarian enterprises

The technological potential of agricultural enterprise is complex system consisting of various elements with different functional capabilities and features, which are characterized by the characteristics of complex systems. The complexity of technological potential lies in the presence in structure of its several elements - technological preparation of production, equipment and technology. There is no doubt that the basis of technological potential is an active part of main production assets, namely the equipment park. Working machines and equipment, instrumentation, transmission devices and tooling - this is exactly what primarily determines the level of labour productivity. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for efficient use of machinery of agrarian enterprises as part of their technological potential, to solve important task of developing them and improving quality and competitiveness of their products. In methodological basis of this research various methods were used: an analytical method, abstract and logical method, system approach, statistical and economic analysis, method of analogies, and method of comparative and expert estimates. The study showed that in order to increase the efficiency of use of technical equipment and more fully satisfy agricultural producers in technical services, it is necessary to create the technical centre for maintenance and repair of agricultural machines. As result, implementation of preventive strategy of technical maintenance and repair of equipment will reduce the number of machine failures by 2 - 2.5 times, increase the use of resource of their components and mechanisms by 30%, and significantly reduce the loss of agricultural products due to long downtime of mechanization equipment and crop shortages while increasing agro-technical timelines for field work.

Supporting the Development of Digitally Competent VET Teachers in Serbia and Russia

Introduction. In the modern educational space, an intensive digital transformation is currently taking place, which imposes new requirements for teacher competencies. This determines the relevance of setting goals and solving problems in order to develop up-to-date models for improving the qualifications of teachers of vocational education and training (VET). The paper discusses the current state of the development of digital competencies of teachers and teachers of Serbia and Russia in line with the European Digital Competence Framework (DigComp) and the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (DigСompЕdu). The paper includes an analysis of the peculiarities of vocational education and training systems, as well as the directions of further training of teachers, conducted by participants in the international project “Professional Development of Vocation Education Teachers with European Practices (Pro-VET)”. In order to better understand national contexts, the content of the reports of the participating countries of the project was analysed in the context of the EU policy and strategy for the development of digital competency of VET teachers. In this article, the authors focus on exploring digital competencies required of VET teachers within the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (DigСompЕdu) to identify digital competencies and development needs of Serbian and Russian VET teachers when working in online learning environments. The aims of the research are the following: 1) to compare the educational needs of Russian and Serbian VET teachers in the development of their digital pedagogical competencies; 2) to identify the theoretical and practical base for VET teachers’ digitally competent development programme design in the context of online learning according to the best European practices in the field of VET. Methodology and research methods. The development of the model was based on learning theories, didactics and practical approaches to soft skills development in online learning environments. The research has been conducted by the means of document analysis, theoretical analysis and synthesis methods, comparative method, modelling method and expert estimation method. Results and scientific novelty. Key aspects of VET teacher training systems in Russia and Serbia are compared and needs in development of digital pedagogical skills of Russian and Serbian VET teachers are identified. A developed model of VET teachers’ digitally competent development programme design in the context of online learning according to best European practices in this fields is represented by two components: structural and functional. The structural component of VET teachers’ digitally competent development model contains: learning theories and didactics, adult learning theories, soft skills development approaches in online learning, learning outcomes development approaches. The functional component of the model contains: national and European educational policy, strategies in the field of digitalisation of education and the development of digital competencies of teachers, European Union policies related to online learning; pedagogical, psychological and didactical design parameters of the content of advanced training programmes in the context of e-learning. Practical significance. The demonstrated model is being tested in the framework of the implementation of the international Pro-VET project supported by ERASMUS+. Methodological approaches, procedure and tools of VET teachers’ digitally competent development are being developed and tested. The application of digitally competent development programmes ensures the transparency of training and allows for the correlation of national and international training programmes as well as the development of academic and professional mobility of VET teachers. The process of designing such educational training programmes in online environment for VET teachers has begun at some universities in Russia and Serbia (participants of the project). The developed online training programmes can be used as a basis to design more quality online courses beyond the Pro-VET project in the sphere of professional development for VET teachers.

A score assignment method for factors in mineral prospectivity modeling

Mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is a multi-factorial modeling process, which requires score assignments for individual evidential layers to use as their weights. The procedure of score assignment involves the measurement of weight values that reflect the favorable degree between each evidential layer and ore deposits. To achieve good mineral prospectivity results, an appropriate score needs to be assigned to each layer. The Expert estimation method, which assigns scores to evidential layers with the guidance of expert opinions, has been widely used. However, this kind of method requires expert knowledge and inevitably involves cumbersome trial-and-error steps. Moreover, the method will introduce bias into the prediction results. Proper score assignment is crucial for achieving reasonable prediction results, this study proposes a novel score assigning method, namely, the logarithmic mineralizing opportunity index (LMOI), to determine reasonable scores for each layer class in MPM. The LMOI makes use of a priori knowledge such as known mineral deposits in score determination. Additionally, it utilizes the distribution density information of the known deposits and the area ratio information of a layer class to enhance the correlation between the layer class and mineral deposits. To evaluate the effectiveness of the LMOI, a comparison experiment of MPM using a support vector machine (SVM) model was performed. Both the LMOI and Expert estimation method were applied to gold MPM in the Zhuji-Shaoxing area, Zhejiang Province, China. The aim of our experiment was to prove that different layer scoring methods have different effects on prediction results. The results demonstrated that the proposed LMOI can contribute to MPM and is easy to implement.

Scientific objectives of research on road machines life cycle in modern conditions

Introduction. Many tasks in the field of operation of road machines in modern conditions have become irrelevant from a scientific point of view. This is due to the emergence of new regulatory documents that contribute to the solution of many problems, for example, the tasks of forming fleets of road machines for road maintenance. In addition, the active implementation of CALS-technologies; modern monitoring systems for road machines; the commitment to automate and robotic work processes; change in the volume and pace of road construction; increasing requirements for the quality of work performed; extension of the warranty period of road service; the existence of mega road organizations; the absence to date of generally accepted criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of one form or another of organizing maintenance and repair work (unscheduled repairs) of road machines; active development of a network of toll roads, etc. they require a radical review and systematization of issues related to the formulation of scientific problems in the study of the life cycle system of road vehicles in modern conditions.Materials and methods. The well-known methods of mathematical, factor analysis and expert estimates of parameters were used that determine the main differences that affect mainly on the rational operation of road machines. 218.2.018-2012 ‘Methodological recommendations for determining the necessary fleet of road maintenance equipment for the maintenance of roads in the development of road maintenance projects’ industry road methodology (IRM) contributes to the integrated solution of the main tasks of forming parks with vehicles for road maintenance. Today, the ERA-GLONASS system and similar systems are actively used in all areas of the road economy and allow tracking the position and other technical parameters of road machines over a long period of time. In addition, automation and robotization of production processes are actively used.Results. The factor analysis and the method of expert assessments made it possible to identify the main differences between the modern life cycle system of road machines used for the construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of highways than a similar life cycle system of road machines 10-20 years ago. Some features have been identified in the study of the life cycle system of road machines in modern conditions. The main tasks of modern research on the road machines life cycle system are outlined. It has been established that the basis of the industry road guidance documents that have been published at present, as well as those preparing to be published in the nearest future, are largely based on the scientific research conducted 10-20 years ago by Russian scientists. The current industry documents are advisory in modern conditions, which is not always applicable to specific construction objects and sets of road machines, and the installation of tracking systems on road machines only contributes to the scientific research.Discussion and conclusions. In the course of the study, a vector was determined for the further development of such a scientific direction as the study of the life cycle system of the road machines in modern conditions. Some ways are proposed for solving scientific problems, taking into account the modern features of the road machines operations for the construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of roads, which allows scientists, especially the young ones, to more accurately and correctly formulate their scientific problems when setting them at the beginning of the research in this area.

Estimation of professionals’ conformity for oil production cut (in the order of discussion)

The oil industry of Azerbaijan passed a long way of development. With the execution of the Contract of the Century at the end of XX century, new perspectives for the development of the economy of the country opened. However, since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, as an OPEC+ member Azerbaijan has assumed corresponding responsibilities on the oil production cut. As a result, oil production cut is planned from the beginning of the middle of 2020 for 96 thousand barrels through May-June, for 63 thousand barrels through July-December, as well as 30 thousand barrels during January 2021 – April 2022. According to this, SOCAR has developed strategic approaches on the measures including oil production cut, capital investment and well suspension. To prevent unexpected risks in the stage of rate decline of oil production, it is necessary to choose a mechanism of making-decision with leading professionals of the field, who should consider the complex of technical, geological and organizational measures, as well as the consistency of their execution in pandemic and after it ends. It is also significant to consider such qualities as their professional competence, far-sightedness, which, therefore, should play an important role in reviewed issue. Using the “Method of expert estimation” the professionals’ conformity with the fulfillment of evaluation calculation are reviewed.

Concept of ecosystem services and its implementation in Ukraine

Development in harmony with nature is a fundamental social paradigm, the realisation of which depends on fulfilment of basic conditions, namely preservation and restoration of the the natural environment as well as ensuring the ecologically safe functioning of ecosystems. There is a need to find a compromise between the social and economic needs of mankind and the potential of the biosphere to satisfy them. At the present stage of development of society, the tools based on economic interest are the most efficient for the effective use, preservation and restoration of ecosystem functions. The economic contributions of ecosystems are not fully taken into account in the modern economy. This is largely explained by the lack of a coherent scientific approach to defining their nature and lack of methodological tools for their economic evaluation. In this regard, the need arises for undertaking appropriate scientific research and the inclusion of ecosystem services in the activities of business entities. The concept of ecosystem services is based on the need for co-evolutionary development of environmental and economic components. There is no single approach to implementing the concept of ecosystem services that would meet the environmental conditions of every geographical site. Generalisation and systematisation of the provisions of the concept of ecosystem services, verification of the basic mechanisms and their adaptation to the legal and regulatory framework in Ukraine, examination of the conditions of ecosystems and their economic value are necessary for the implementation of the ecosystem approach in the sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The objective of the study is to characterise the progress of development and implementation of the concept of ecosystem services in Ukraine; to define and characterise the ecosystems in Ukraine that are particularly important for the provision of ecosystem services. Scientific principles and consistent patterns in the field of ecology, geography and landscape science provided the methodological basis of the study, which was based on a systematic approach. The cartographic method (based on GIS-technologies), the method of expert estimations and the statistical method were used. ArcGis and Mapinfo Professional software products as well as Google satellite images and electronic vector layers of a topographic map of Ukraine with a scale of 1:200,000 were used to calculate the area of ecosystems within landscapes and create cartographic material. Statistical and cartographic materials, reports from research institutions, regulatory and reference materials, scientific papers written by domestic and foreign scholars provided the information basis of the study. Scientific papers on the classification of ecosystems, ecosystem services and the implementation of the concept of ecosystem services in Ukraine have been analysed. The categories, size and area of ecosystems in Ukraine that are of particular importance for the provision of ecosystem services have been defined, their ecological condition has been assessed and the prevailing ecosystem services have been identified.

АНАЛІЗ ПРІОРИТЕТНОСТІ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ДЛЯ ОЦІНКИ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГЕОТЕРМАЛЬНИХ ОБ'ЄКТІВ

У статті методом експертного оцінювання виконано аналіз пріоритетності параметрів геотермальних об’єктів для визначення можливості і перспективності їх використання з метою енергопостачання. Під геотермальним об'єктом розуміється умовна свердловина, на базі якої можливе створення системи геотермального енергопостачання з урахуванням наявності потенційного споживача. Для експертного оцінювання була розроблена опитувальна анкета і обрана репрезентативна група експертів в кількості 12 чоловік. Середній коефіцієнт компетентності експертів склав 8 балів за десятибальною шкалою. Розглянуто параметри двох категорій: перші пов'язані з наявністю геотермального ресурсу, другі - з умовами транспортування і особливостями потенційних споживачів енергії. Всього в опитуванні аналізувалося 30 параметрів. Для кожного параметра встановлювалися вагові коефіцієнти. Результати опитування були оброблені шляхом знаходження середньої арифметичної, середньо зваженої і медіани оцінки. Ступінь узгодженості думок експертів по кожному параметру визначався методом знаходження коефіцієнта варіації, а для всього експертного оцінювання - коефіцієнта конкордації Кенделла. Розрахунки показали, що узгодженість оцінок експертів достатня для прийняття рішення про перелік пріоритетних параметрів і їх вагових коефіцієнтів. Отримані результати можуть бути використані при створенні електронних баз даних геотермальних об'єктів і під час розробці методики вибору перспективних свердловин для першочергового освоєння геотермальних ресурсів. Бібл. 10, табл. 4, рис. 5.

Regional Differentiation for Life Quality of the Population in Ukraine Under Innovative Growth

Abstract The article focuses on the analysis of economic growth of Ukraine and its regions, using the proposed by the authors indicators of quality and indicators of the population living standards under innovation growth. The main purpose of the research is developing a method of multi-factor assessment and regional classification of population`s life quality. Moving to the results literature review showed that many approaches to assessing the quality of life of the population have been developed in the statistical theory and practice. However, still, there are many discussions about the question of a single aggregate indicator of living standards and the methodology of regional differentiation by this criterion. So, it has not been found a rational way to combine indicators of the level and quality of life to obtain a comprehensive index that reflects objectively, reliably and verifiable the population`s level and quality of life. The main discovered disadvantage of existing methods is the use of the expert estimation method, which does not allow guaranteeing validity the weight of the criteria for estimation the quality of life indicator. Nevertheless, all authors admitted that today the role of the state rises in solving the most important social and economic problems, therefore, the task to increase the efficiency of the regions` functioning based on innovation activity becomes of key importance. The analysis of regional activity`s effectiveness considering the innovation component is the most important part of national administration. In the article the research of the question of multi-factor assessment and regional classification the quality of the country population`s life is carried out in the following logical sequence: theoretical analysis of categories of living standards and quality of life; development of the statistical indicators system at the regional level for assessing the quality of life of the population; distribution of the entire system of indicators for certain economic categories; receiving indexes for each region by each category; realization of regional clustering with the received system of indexes. The methodical tools of the research were general scientific methods: analysis (conducted analysis of definitions for concepts of the standard of living and quality of life); synthesis (combination of separate research methods into a unified methodology of regional differentiation by the quality of life); deduction (initially it is analyzed all the proposed systems of indicators in general, and then they are divided into economic categories); abstraction (separation of a significant indicators system for the implementation of regional differentiation in terms of innovation development of the living standard of the population from the entire statistical information), specification (revealing specific characteristics of the received categories and clusters); comparison (comparison of regions according to the indicators of the population`s life quality level), classification (grouping of individual indicators into economic categories); generalization (with the help of which conclusions were drawn). There were also used some special methods: cluster methods (the tree clustering method and k-means clustering of the regions of Ukraine by the basic indicators of population`s living standards), the method of the main components (for the development of regional indexes for each category). The research was carried out for the data of 2017 year as the last year, for which statistical information is available with most indicators in a regional context. The object of the study is Ukraine and its 24 regions. The city of Kyiv was highlighted as the capital. The article presents the results of the empirical analysis of the level and quality of population`s life indicators, which allowed to allocate five clusters and a set of indicators for regional differentiation. The study empirically confirms the presence of regional clusters in the category of living standards and theoretically proposes a methodology for its implementation in conditions of innovative development. The results of the study can be useful for analyzing various scenarios for the implementation of social policy aimed at financial and economic protection of the population ensuring. It was shown that for certain regions the quality of population`s life should be considered as a task of their innovative growth.

Overcoming of Poverty and Inequality as Condition of Steady Social Development of Regions

For maintenance of economic security steady dynamic development of the system, permanent height of standard of living of population, is needed in a country, regardless of affecting her unfavorable external and internal factors. The basic problem of steady social development of regions is an unsolved to present tense problem of poverty and inequality. The aim of the real article is research of social development of Russia in a dynamics by realization of comparative analysis of quantitative indexes of level of poverty in a country and in her separate regions, level of inequality, exposure of reasons of decline of standard of living of population and development of recommendations on overcoming of poverty and inequality, height of welfare of population. The dialectical method of research of processes and phenomena, analysis of the systems and comparative, method of expert estimations, methods of groupment, tabular, abstractly-logical method, synthesis, is in-process used. As a result of undertaken a study of social development of Russia it is educed the method of expert estimations a standard of living of population is at low level and is the serious threat of economic and social security of country. 10 is educed the most poor regions of Russia, where the level of poverty makes the fourth of population of these regions practically, and in separate regions he makes a to 40% population from 30%. The problem of social inequality, that arose up after disintegration of the USSR and remains extremely actual for modern Russia, is certain major reason of falling of standard of living of population. On results an analysis drawn conclusion about the necessity of structural alteration of economy, changing of economic model of development of Russia on the whole. Recommendations worked out by an author on overcoming of inequality and poverty, driven to work, will assist perfection of socio-economic regional development of Russia, and also steady social development of regions.

Agricultural production strategies: world experience

Agricultural production strategies: world experience

Developing the Process of Value Estimation and Modeling the Project Cost

The article shows results of researching the projects that exist in St. Petersburg. Constructive and cost parameters of power stations, which pass and distribute electric power were found and possibility to estimate the degree of parametric similarity of the project being devised with the analogues project by using the method of cluster analysis by homogeneity principle. It was found out that the procedure of clustering gives an opportunity to get homogeneous in quality samples of needed projects, which in its turn provides a chance to choose the nearest analogue and on its foundation to forecast the cost of the project. On the basis of the method of expert estimations and respective coefficients methodology of modeling the project cost was designed, whose goal is to evaluate the precise cost of the project, which differs from the analogue by parameters. This methodology can allow us with more trustworthiness to identify the future cot of the project and to give possibility to change the cost. The approach put forward by the authors is built on the basis of mathematic model data that speed up the process of selecting analogues and modeling cost of the project.

Estimating the Ukrainian companies’ financial potential and the probability of forced liquidation

The development of a global economy is impossible without economic ups and downs, which disrupt economic stability. The growth of the crisis in Ukrainian companies is no exception. In world practice, there are many methods for estimating the possibility of companies’ bankruptcy. At the same time, there are no methodological approaches to setting up the possible commencement of company’s liquidation during its bankruptcy. The article aims to develop a methodology for estimating the possibility of company’s liquidation due to the introduction of its bankruptcy procedure and to determine the financial potential of the company based on the Ukrainian economy. Statistical surveys about the activities of Ukrainian companies were conducted. Using a discriminant analysis, a four-factor model for estimating the possibility of companies’ liquidation undergoing bankruptcy was developed. An appropriate scale has been constructed to interpret the values obtained using the collective expert estimation method. The matrix method was applied to construct matrices of pairwise comparison for the results of qualitative assessment.It has been proposed to assess the liquidation of a company by determining the conditional probability of such liquidation. A matrix of the pairwise comparison of the qualitative assessment results has been constructed for the company’s bankruptcy procedure commencement probability and that for the company’s liquidation procedure commencement. It has been substantiated that the level of the company’s financial potential is the reverse indicator of the probability value for the bankruptcy and the liquidation of that company. Matrices have been constructed that qualitatively assess probabilistic level of the financial potential both for the companies at the bankruptcy stage and for those whose bankruptcy procedure has not yet begun. The results of the testing confirm the correctness of the proposed methods and the expediency of their application.

Assessment of technical level of new, promising models of equipment at the stage of their development in modern engineering practice

The problems of optimizing the selection of the best new model of technology are considered, based on an assessment of its functioning as part of the complex system. The composite indicator of the product technical level is proposed as such an assessment characteristic. It is represented by six basic components and can be used at all stages of the model development. Models and methods for calculating a generalized indicator of quality, novelty of technical solutions, functional and constructive organization, adaptability to advanced technology, reliability of a sample, its graphical representation based on classical methods of probability theory, expert and heuristic estimates, an ideal center, graph theory taking into account the functional cost analysis have been prepared.

Estimation of Competitiveness of Single-Industry Towns of the Samara Region

In order to prevent negative socio-economic trends, to predict the social consequences of decisions on the implementation of state policy in the development of single-industry territories, public authorities monitor the socio-economic situation in single-industry towns based on an assessment of a number of statistical indicators. Such a differentiated assessment of statistical parameters does not allow a comprehensive assessment of the level of development and competitiveness of a single-industry town by territory, which is of particular relevance in modern conditions of glocalization. Of particular scientific and practical interest is a comparative analysis of the level of development of single-industry towns on the basis of an integral indicator that takes into account aspects of various spheres of life of the population and allows an objective assessment of the competitive positions of single-industry territories, which is currently not used by state authorities for monitoring. The purpose of the work is to assess and justify the conditions and development trends of single-industry towns of the Samara region on the basis of calculating the integral indicator of competitiveness, taking into account the level of development of the economy, finance, employment, social security and demography, as well as the mono-profile level of territories. In this study, we used the methods of system analysis, the method of comparisons and analogies, the method of generalization, the methods of dialectic and statistical analysis, the method of expert estimates, the method of retrospective estimates and structural-dynamic analysis. The paper provides an overview of the single-industry towns of the regions of the Volga Federal District; the results of testing the methodology for assessing the competitiveness of single-industry towns of the Samara region on the basis of an integral indicator are presented and trends in its change in the period 2013–2017 are identified. The study involved four single-industry towns of the Samara region: Oktyabrsk, Pohvistnevo, Tolyatti, Chapaevsk. The calculations showed that For five years Oktyabrsk was an outsider in four of the six areas under study (economics, labor, social services, demography), which led to the lowest competitiveness index and allowed us to identify the competitiveness of a single-industry town as “below average”. In relatively equal socio-economic conditions, there were Pohvistnevo, Togliatti and Chapaevsk, the level of competitiveness of which is “above average”.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ МЕТОДІВ НАВЧАННЯ В ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОЦЕС ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

Introduction The article justifies the needs of using active and interactive methods of learning in Higher Education Establishments. On the basis of analyzed scientific and pedagogic works and on the basis of summing up the students’ needs there are distinguished such active methods of learning as: projecting, modulating of professional situations, games, case study, quest technologies, etc., which are focused on the demands of society, on individuality of future expert, on development of his/her cognitive motivation, on active participation in self-development and on the process of acquiring professional competences. It proposes some recommendations concerning the introduction of active methods into the educational process. The authors prove the fact that the use of active and interactive methods in the process of specialists’ training in Higher Education Establishments helps to develop learning motivation, to form the skills of team-working as well as it will lead to effective learning of educational materials and will initiate the conscious professional competency. Purpose The aim of work is in the analysis of development possibilities of developing students’ learning motivation with the help of active and interactive methods of learning. Methods In the process of research there has been used the complex of theoretical method (theoretical and methodological analysis of problems, systematization of scientific references, the comparison and generalization of information) and empiric method (observation, speaking, questionnaire and method of expert estimation). Originality An important acquisition in the process of project preparation as well as its result or quest and case study solving is understanding of practical value of theoretical knowledge and is a formed desire as well as ability to learn individually. This approach spreads far beyond the frames of learning area and is focused on the professional problems solving in definite sphere of education process, also it develops an interest and profile cognitive motivation. Practical orientation of these technologies helps the students to realize their need in theoretical knowledge and the way they can use it. It is important to point out that information presentation and search in the form of game has a number of advantages such as: activation of the process of material learning with the help of visual means (real subjects, schemes, models, pictures, video-fragments and photos), development of stable interest to the subject which helps to activate learning activity, to realize creative components of individual development and, as well, it takes off extra psychological tension. It is also needed to highlight that the development of active methods of learning helps to improve the skills not only of the student’s individuality but also the lecturer’s individuality, mastership and creative potential. A lecturer, using the methods of project and quest in their pedagogical activity, finds logical balance between academic and practical knowledge, abilities and skills. Conclusion The results, which have been received in the process of carrying out an experimental research on the introduction of active methods of learning (case study, quest and project), show their significant efficiency in comparison with traditional methods of teaching. Experts’ estimation as well as questionnaire carried among the representatives of the research has posed the possibility to figure out significant development of motivation concerning the discipline learning through the understandability of practical values of received knowledge in further professional activity. Besides, in the process of completing the proposed tasks the students have showed a high level of learning activity and have had the possibility to present their own creative abilities and skills in team-working. Also, it is essential to point out a higher level of the process of knowledge acquiring by students who have participated in the experiment in comparison with the students of the controlled group. Thus, using of quest and project methods in educational process has received positive estimation. They give students the possibility to think, to estimate, to make decisions, bear the responsibility and, also, to work under constant unstable conditions. The result of using the active methods of learning is in the extension of experience of creative activity, in the readiness to practical active activity, in the ability to modulate and make professional decisions that satisfies the challenges of modern informative society.

ВПЛИВ ІНОЗЕМНОГО КАПІТАЛУ НА БАНКІВСЬКУ СИСТЕМУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Modern globalization and integration processes, introduction of the latest information technologies, competition in the banking sector, increasing of foreign banking capital share, lack of comprehensive legal regulation of banking activities, lack of development of Ukrainian financial markets, tense criminal challenges lead to new threats to financial security of the banking sector in general and of individual banks in particular. In turn, the efficient functioning of the banking system is impossible without maintaining high level of financial security of each commercial bank. The aim of the research is deepening the theoretical and methodological foundations of commercial bank financial security assessing and to development practical recommendations for improving its level. The subject of the research is theoretical and methodological principles and practical aspects of analysis and assessment of bank financial security level . The methods of the research: logical and meaningful method, method of comparison, method of analysis and synthesis, method of expert estimation, method of coefficients, integral method, etc. The hypothesis of the research. The investigation of the current state of a bank's financial security should be conducted in several stages: questioning of typical (external and internal) threats to the bank's financial security; express analysis of commercial bank financial security level; calculation of the integral index of bank financial security level. The statement of basic materials. The survey conducted typical external and internal threats to bank financial security, the results of which showed that the investigated bank is protected from external threats to financial security by 60% (9 points out of 15 possible) and from internal threats by 100% (15 points out of 15 possible). In the second stage of the process of financial security research, express analysis of financial security was carried out on the bases of the coefficients method, which includes four groups of basic banking indicators: bank financial stability indicators, bank business activity indicators, bank liquidity indicators, efficiency of bank activity indicators. The results of the rapid financial security diagnostics showed that in 2014-2015 the bank had low level of financial security, and in 2016-2018 it was sufficient. In addition, the integral financial security index of the bank is calculated, including the following indicators: financial and economic standards, credit and deposit dollarization, banking performance (ROA, ROE), profitability indicators and others. Integrated financial security indicators show that the highest level of financial security was in 2016, and in 2018 it was sufficient. It also proposes measures to enhance various components of the bank's financial security, the practical implementation of which will improve the efficiency of managing of banking institution financial security. The originality and practical significance of the research is development an approach to assessing commercial bank financial security and implementation it on the example of Raiffeisen Bank Aval. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The approach to the assessment of the financial security level is proposed, which involves carrying out the evaluation in several stages, namely, the questioning of external and internal threats to bank financial security, express analysis of the financial security level of a commercial bank and calculation of an integral indicator of bank financial security level, which makes possible to assess the bank financial security level. It also proposes measures to enhance various components of the bank's financial security, the practical implementation of which will improve the efficiency of managing of banking institution financial security. As part of the further study it is planned to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed measures of bank financial security level increasing.

Определение коэффициента A в уравнении оценки остаточного ресурса по возрасту строительных конструкций

The article considers coefficient A from the equation for estimating the residual resource of the construction facility by the age of building structures taking into account the condition of the construction object during commissioning, that is the quality of construction-installation work performed. The authors propose using two techniques for determining the coefficient A. The first technique uses the method of expert estimates. Based on it, the equations for calculating the coefficient A are derived. The second technique for estimating the coefficient A is based on the method of assessing the quality of construction and installation, proposed by A. Kh. Bayburin. In each of the proposed methods, there are advantages and disadvantages. Based on the proposed approaches, the authors have developed an algorithm for estimating coefficient A in order to eliminate or reduce the influence of the disadvantages.

Non-formal education at the present stage: expert commentary

This article discusses the main approaches to the study of non-formal education and its impact on the human capital development. The authors present the conceptualization and theoretical interpretation of the concept, approaches to the definition in the scientific literature and international regulatory documents. In their analysis of contemporary studies of non-formal education, the authors have implemented an empirical study using the method of expert estimates. The authors have interviewed 36 experts from six major cities of the Russian Federation: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Tomsk, Tyumen, and Saratov. Based on an expert survey, an analysis includes the discussion of resource potential of non-formal education at the present stage, possibilities and “nodal points” of the impact of non-formal education on the development mechanism of general and specific human, the position of experts on assessing skills and competencies acquired in non-formal education, and the prospects for the national qualifications system implementation in Russia.

Software design of intelligent interactive autonomous learning system

Aiming at the problems of poor quality of service, low performance of system cluster and low accuracy of parameter calculation in current software design method of autonomous learning system, a software design method of intelligent interactive autonomous learning system is proposed. Through system architecture design, system module design, system interaction design, system network design and system database design, the overall structure of interactive autonomous learning system software is constructed, and the project parameters and capability parameters are calculated by maximum likelihood method and expert estimation method. According to the user's own ability, personalised test questions and learning content are set for users, and the software design of autonomous learning system is realised. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high quality of service, good cluster performance and high accuracy of parameter calculation.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND DOMESTIC PRACTICE

Objective. The objective of the article is to study the world experience of socially responsible business and research the ways of its implementation into domestic business practice. Methods. The article uses the following methods and techniques for studying economic phe­nomena and processes: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a comparison method, an expert estimation method, dialectical and historical approaches, an abstract-logical method, system and comparative analysis. Results. According to the results of the study, Ukraine's accession to the global process ofsus- tainable development requires the introduction of a model of socially responsible business, which strengthens the mutual responsibility of organizations, enterprises for the impact of decisions and actions on society and the environment through transparent and ethical behaviour. It is empha­sized that social business responsibility (SBR) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the system of public relations of Ukrainian society is not a conscious and applied norm in contrast to the world experience of developed countries, where it is regulated at the state level. Peculiarities and directions of socially responsible activity of the leaders of The Global Corporate Responsibil­ity Rep Trak Study rating and the best CSR and CSR programs of the enterprises-leaders of the corresponding branches and spheres of economy of Ukraine are analyzed. The main directions of socially responsible activity of world ranking leaders are determined, in particular: children development; environmental programs and solutions of environmental problems; improving work­ing conditions; cybersecurity; support for local communities; overcoming inequality and poverty; and companies-leaders of the Ukrainian economy, in particular: labour relations; consumer rela­tions; development of regions anti-corruption practices; environmental responsibility. It is proved that Ukrainian companies perceive social responsibility mostly as a policy of development and improvement of staff working conditions; investment in regional development and consumer pro­tection and support; at least as a fight against corruption and assistance to displaced persons. The practical significance of the obtained results is in the possibility of their use in the devel­opment of appropriate measures of sustainable development policy in order to create a national model of responsibility.