Operational Method Research Articles

Managing challenging paediatric vitreoretinal disease

Purpose: Vitreoretinal diseases in the paediatric age group carry significant visual morbidity. We present current vitreoretinal techniques for restoring normal visual potential in these challenging cases.Materials and Methods: Selected challenging paediatric vitreoretinal cases operated upon from September 2020 to September 2023 were included. Operative techniques used were analysed based on disease pathophysiology, surgical indication and timing, anatomical and visual outcomes.Results: A total of 32 eyes from 23 patients were included. Diseases included ROP, FEVR, PFV, Coats disease, congenital cataract complications, retinal detachment from optic disc coloboma, morning glory anomaly, X‐linked retinoschisis and expulsive haemorrhage. A thorough understanding of embryological disease origins, surgical anatomy in this age group, as well as pathophysiology of the selected disease entities are essential. Surgical techniques that were found to offer advantages are presented.Conclusions: Children's age, surgical timing and operative methods are important for visual prognosis.

A RELIABLE NUMERICAL ALGORITHM FOR TREATMENT OF FRACTIONAL MODEL OF CONVECTIVE STRAIGHT FINS WITH TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

Fins serve the purpose of enhancing heat transfer between their surroundings and the underlying surface, resembling the function of heat exchangers in various scientific domains. This research undertakes an investigation into the temperature distribution within convective straight fins, considering the impact of both constant and thermally conductive temperature-dependent properties. The chosen approach utilizes a numerical technique known as the Laguerre operational matrix collocation method, which relies on the Laguerre operational matrix and Laguerre collocation method for Caputo fractional derivatives of arbitrary orders. This methodology effectively converts the issue into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations (NLAEs). To evaluate this arbitrary order model, we employed the collocation method to obtain an approximate solution. The numerical results obtained through this approach demonstrate its ease of application and computational efficiency. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis with the Homotopy Perturbation Sumudu Transform Method (HPSTM) and the Variational Iteration Method (VIM). The numerical and graphical presentation of the results underscores the efficacy and precision of the methodologies employed within the scope of this investigation.

Shedding light on ONOO- detection: the emergence of a fast-response fluorescent probe for biological systems.

ONOO-, a bioactive molecule, plays a critical role in inflammation-related signaling pathways and pathological mechanisms. Numerous studies have established a direct correlation between elevated ONOO- levels and tumor progression. Therefore, investigating ONOO- levels in inflammation and tumors is of utmost importance. Fluorescence imaging presents a highly sensitive, non-invasive, easily operable, selective, and efficient method for ONOO- detection in situ. In this study, we designed and synthesized a rhodamine-based probe, NRho, which effectively identifies tumors, inflammatory cells, tissues, and organs by detecting ONOO- content. The synthesis process of NRho is simple, yielding a probe with favorable spectral characteristics and rapid response. Our cell imaging analysis has provided novel insights, revealing distinct ONOO- levels among different types of cancer cells, with hepatocellular carcinoma cells exhibiting higher ONOO- content than the others. This observation marks the proposal of such variations in ONOO- levels across cancer cell types. Furthermore, our study has showcased the practicality of our probe in live organ imaging, enabling the identification of tumors from living organs within a brief 5-minute incubation period. Additionally, our findings highlight the rapid detection capability of the probe NRho in various tissue samples, effectively identifying inflammation. This research holds important promise in advancing biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.

Legendre operational differential matrix for solving ordinary differential equations

In this paper, we used the Legendre operational differential matrix method based on the Tau method to find the approximate analytical solutions to the initial value problems and boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations. This method allows the solution of the ordinary differential equation to be computed in the form of an infinite series in which the components can be easily calculated. We introduced a comparison between the approximate solution that we computed and the exact solution of the selected problem, as we found the absolute error. According to the numerical results, the series of solutions we found are accurate and very close to the exact analytical solutions.

Numerical Methods Based on the Hybrid Shifted Orthonormal Polynomials and Block‐Pulse Functions for Solving a System of Fractional Differential Equations

This paper develops two numerical methods for solving a system of fractional differential equations based on hybrid shifted orthonormal Bernstein polynomials with generalized block‐pulse functions (HSOBBPFs) and hybrid shifted orthonormal Legendre polynomials with generalized block‐pulse functions (HSOLBPFs). Using these hybrid bases and the operational matrices method, the system of fractional differential equations is reduced to a system of algebraic equations. Error analysis is performed and some simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed techniques. The numerical results of the proposed methods are compared to those of the existing numerical methods. These approaches are distinguished by their ability to work on the wide interval [0, a], as well as their high accuracy and rapid convergence, demonstrating the utility of the proposed approaches over other numerical methods.

ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ДИНАМІКИ ЕНЕРГОСПОЖИВАННЯ ЗБАГАЧУВАЛЬНОЇ ФАБРИКИ

The purpose of the work is to establish the dependence of electricity costs on the dynamics of energy consumption from the dynamics of ore supply to the beneficiation plant bunker, namely from the loading period and its duration, and to develop, on the basis of the identified patterns of organizational, technical and economic measures to reduce the energy component of the cost of production of iron ore concentrate at the mining enrichment enterprises. Economic-mathematical methods were used to develop models of the formation of electricity costs on the dynamics of energy consumption, namely: the theory of impulse processes for the development of a model of ore supply to the bunker of the beneficiation factory; operational calculation methods, ore beneficiation theory and power supply theory for the development of a dynamic beneficiation process line model and power consumption model; methods of spectral analysis to identify the dynamic component of active power and electrical energy consumed by the ore beneficiation process; Cost analysis methods were used to calculate electricity costs; economic-mathematical modeling of energy consumption dynamics was performed by computer modeling using the Mathcad software package. An economic-mathematical model of the energy consumption dynamics of the enrichment factory was developed. The regularities of influence of ore loading parameters of beneficiation factory bunkers on the dynamics of the formation of electricity costs during the production of iron ore concentrate have been revealed. Mathematical dependencies of costs for the dynamic component of electrical energy on the time parameters of the process of loading ore into the hopper of the beneficiation factory, namely on the period and time of loading, were obtained. Organizational and economic measures have been developed to load the bunkers of the beneficiation factory, which ensure the saving of electricity. The regularities of influence of ore loading parameters of beneficiation factory bunkers on the dynamics of the formation of electricity costs during the production of iron ore concentrate have been revealed. The principles of building a system of financial incentives for operational and dispatching personnel for saving electricity based on the results of economic and mathematical modeling have been developed. For the first time, it wa s established that the energy component of the production cost of iron ore concentrate depends not only on the quantity and quality of ore, but also on the dynamic parameters of the process of loading ore into the bunkers of the beneficiation factory, while this established dependence has a non-linear nature on the period and time of loading. The proposed measures to save electricity due to the implementation of rational modes of loading bunkers of the beneficia-tion factory with ore can be used in the development of energy saving plans and programs and the development of job instructions for the dispatching staff of the ore beneficiation factory, which will allow to reduce the energy component of the production cost of iron ore concentrate. A system of financial incentives for operational dispatching staff of the beneficiation factory has been developed, which takes into account the saving of electrical energy due to the management of the ore loading of the bunkers of the beneficiation factory and the intensity of the staff’s work.

FEATURES OF THE INITIAL DEFORMED STATE OF PYROPEZOELECTRICS OF TRIGONAL SYSTEM

A model of a prestressed thermoelectroelastic medium under conditions of initial mechanical stress, electrostatic field and temperature is proposed. Within the framework of the coupled theory of thermoelectroelasticity, linearized constitutive relations and equations of motion of a prestressed thermoelectroelastic medium are constructed. It is assumed that the initial deformed state induced in the material is homogeneous, the initial temperature does not exceed the temperature of phase transitions, and the initial electrostatic field is specified by the electric field strength vector. Within the framework of the assumptions made, a three-dimensional formulation of dynamic problems for prestressed semi-bounded media made of the materials under consideration is given. Using operational calculus methods, the problem is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations, the solution of which is presented in matrix form and allows one to analyze the influence of external factors of various natures on the dynamics of a prestressed thermoelectroelastic medium. Particular attention is paid to a detailed study of the initial deformed state of the material under conditions of separate and combined exposure to mechanical stress, electrostatic field and temperature. The presence of piezo- and pyro-effects, characteristic of the class of pyroelectrics under consideration, is shown: the appearance of electrical induction under the action of mechanical stresses along the axes, and the appearance of electrical induction under thermal influence in the absence of mechanical stresses. The types of mechanical influences leading to maximum values of electrical induction have been established. It is shown that under combined temperature and mechanical influences, mechanical stresses play a decisive role in the nature of the induced deformations. The presence of an initial temperature can either weaken or strengthen the influence of the electrostatic field. With a combined mechanical and electrostatic effect, the presence of an initial electrostatic field of high intensity, depending on its direction, leads to qualitative changes in the nature of the stress-strain state. The research results are presented in dimensionless parameters, presented in the form of graphs and may be of particular interest in the development, design and optimization of pyropiezoelectric materials used in the creation of new micro- and nano-sized devices and devices for general purposes.

THE EFFICIENCY OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES IN CONDITIONS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

This article explores the operational management of construction enterprises within the framework of public-private partnerships (PPP). It describes the theoretical foundations of operational management, main tasks, methods and tools, as well as the specific features of operational management in PPP construction enterprises. The main tasks of operational management include timely and cost-effective project execution, risk minimization, resource optimization, ensuring construction quality, and meeting customer needs. The authors discuss methods of performance evaluation, coordination, and control mechanisms in managing construction projects under PPP. The article proposes a performance evaluation system for construction enterprises from the perspective of PPP. Emphasis is placed on the importance of risk management in PPP projects. A model of the impact of risk assessment on management decision-making in PPP is formulated. A combined approach to risk assessment is proposed, integrating elements of sensitivity analysis, simulation modelling, and expert evaluation. Recommendations for improving the operational management system and enhancing risk management in PPP are provided. Keywords: operations management, construction enterprise, management tools, strategic partnership, public-private partnership, risk management, performance evaluation, coordination, control.

THE EFFICIENCY OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES IN CONDITIONS OF PUBLICPRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

This article explores the operational management of construction enterprises within the framework of public-private partnerships (PPP). It describes the theoretical foundations of operational management, main tasks, methods and tools, as well as the specific features of operational management in PPP construction enterprises. The main tasks of operational management include timely and costeffective project execution, risk minimization, resource optimization, ensuring construction quality, and meeting customer needs. The authors discuss methods of performance evaluation, coordination, and control mechanisms in managing construction projects under PPP. The article proposes a performance evaluation system for construction enterprises from the perspective of PPP. Emphasis is placed on the importance of risk management in PPP projects. A model of the impact of risk assessment on management decisionmaking in PPP is formulated. A combined approach to risk assessment is proposed, integrating elements of sensitivity analysis, simulation modeling, and expert evaluation. Recommendations for improving the operational management system and enhancing risk management in PPP are provided. Keywords: operations management, construction enterprise, management tools, strategic partnership, public-private partnership, risk management, performance evaluation, coordination, control.

Bayesian Neural Network-Based Equipment Operational Trend Prediction Method Using Channel Attention Mechanism

Bayesian Neural Network-Based Equipment Operational Trend Prediction Method Using Channel Attention Mechanism

“Known Unknowns”: Reducing Digital Inequalities in the Silver Economy

Because of the world's aging population, Europe's over-50 segment has grown significantly. This demographic trend has created a major economic opportunity known as the silver economy. Technology plays an important role in the development of products and services targeting this older market segment, yet technological innovation has compromised these individuals’ quality of life by aggravating already existing social disparities. Limited access to and use of technology is known as digital inequality, which is a matter of growing concern that is pushing experts to develop initiatives that mitigate the impact of this disparity. However, decision makers first need to be fully aware of the challenges associated with this endeavor, which arise out of the inherent complexity of digital inequality and the uncertainty produced by technological disruptions. This study addresses this decision problem by adopting a constructivist, socio-technical approach that combines cognitive mapping and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory techniques in a neutrosophic context. Data were collected from an expert panel with experience in real-world cases. The members analyzed different strategies and their effectiveness in terms of reducing digital inequalities in the silver economy. The results were analyzed and validated by the Head of Data and Analytics at Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Data Europe and Latin America. No prior research was found that has used the same combination of operational research methods to address this decision problem. The findings include recommendations for how to facilitate the development of initiatives that increase digital literacy in a silver economy context.

Targeted cultivation of diatoms in mariculture wastewater by nutrient regulation and UV-C irradiation.

Mariculture wastewater poses environmental challenges due to pollution and eutrophication. Targeted cultivation of diatoms in wastewater can help alleviate these issues while generating beneficial algae biomass, however reliable operating methods are lacking. We proposed a novel method for treating mariculture wastewater that employed UV-C irradiation and nutrient regulation to achieve targeted diatom cultivation. This study first examined growth of four diatom species (Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros muelleri, Cyclotella atomus, and Conticribra weissflogii) in mariculture wastewater. C. muelleri and C. weissflogii demonstrated better adaptability compared to N. closterium and C. atomus. Additionally, the growth and nutrient utilization of C. muelleri were studied under varying concentrations of silicate, phosphate, ammonium, and trace elements in wastewater. Optimal growth was observed at 500 μmol/L silicate, 0.6 mg/L phosphate, and 4 mg/L ammonium. Ammonium proved to be a more effective nitrogen source than urea and nitrate in promoting growth at this low level. Surprisingly, trace element supplementation did not significantly impact growth. Finally, this study utilized UV-C irradiation as a pre-treatment method for wastewater prior to nutrient adjustment, significantly enhancing the growth of C. muelleri. Overall, this study provides guidance on regulating key nutrients and pre-treatment method to optimize diatom biomass production from mariculture wastewater. This approach not only addresses environmental challenges associated with mariculture but also contributes to sustainable aquaculture practices through the recovery of valuable aquatic resources.

Определение аналитической чувствительности и специфичности методов ПЦР для диагностики черной бактериальной пятнистости томата

The work is devoted to molecular genetic methods for the diagnosis of pathogens of bacterial spot of tomato – a harmful bacterial disease of tomatoes and peppers, predominantly spread in the open ground in the southern regions. The research was conducted on the basis of the All- Russian Plant Quarantine Center (FGBU “VNIIKR”) in 2022–2023. The objective of the work was to determine the analytical sensitivity and specificity of molecular genetic methods for the detection and identification of three species of different pathological types of bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas – pathogens of bacterial spot of tomato. Due to the necessity of import substitution of expensive reagents, the tests were carried out with domestic reagents produced by OOO “Evrogen” and ZAO “Dialat”. The results of the effectiveness of real-time PCR (qPCR) are presented, the analysis of which showed that all tested primer systems can be recommended for the detection of bacteriosis pathogens. At the same time, qPCR AFLP derived Taqman PCR and XopD Taqman PCR were found to have high analytical sensitivity (102–103 CFU/ml). It has been shown that three out of four primer systems according to to the methodology of Koenraadt et al. (2009) also have a high sensitivity of 102 CFU/ml. The analytical sensitivity of the Bs-XpF/R primers for the detection of X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans was 104 CFU/ml, which is sufficient for samples with a high concentration of the pathogen and for the identification of a pure bacterial culture. All primers are 100% specific for the target strains of pathogens; no cross-reactions with other strains have been observed. The proposed reliable operational method for detecting pathogens of bacterial spot in tomato and pepper seeds will significantly reduce yield losses and increase the economic efficiency of domestic vegetable production.

Solvent-controlled halohydroxylation or C3-C2 coupling of pyridinium salts through an interrupted dearomative reduction.

Herein, we report an efficient and easily operable method to halohydroxylate pyridiniums through an interrupted dearomative reduction strategy. In this process, we make the most of the halide anion from the pyridinium salts by performing the reaction in DMSO without the need of external HX added. Notably, by changing the solvents from DMSO into Et2O, the bimolecular C3-C2 coupling occurs successfully.

Removal of Hygienically Relevant Microbes in Changing Operational Methods from Standard Activated Sludge Methods to Stepwise Advanced Treatment

Removal of Hygienically Relevant Microbes in Changing Operational Methods from Standard Activated Sludge Methods to Stepwise Advanced Treatment

Outcome of Medial Plating for Fracture Shaft of Humerus

IntroductionFracture shaft of humerus is commonly seen fracture which is managed by nonoperative and operative methods. Operative fixation allows early return to daily work with ease in rehabilitation and less complication. This study was conducted to evaluate outcome of fracture shaft of humerus treated with plating by anteromedial approach on medial surface of humerus. MethodsA hospital based prospective study including 164 cases of humerus fracture shaft surgically managed with medial plating over a period 15th July 2017 to 14thJune 2022with the mean follow-up duration of 24 weeks was performed. The final outcome was evaluated on the basis of radiological union and Modified Stewart and Hundley Scoring criteria. ResultsFracture united in 49.39% of cases within 12 weeks, 28.65% case united in 12-24 weeks time and 19.61% cases united later than 24 weeks. Non union seen in 4 cases in our study treated with bone grafting healed. Functional outcome was measured as per Modified Stewart and Hundley Scoringcriteria, it was excellent in 67.08% of cases, good in 18.29%, satisfactory in 7.93 % of cases. Poor results were seen in 6.7 percent of cases. Conclusions Anterolateral approach with medial plating was found to be better option for fixation of fracture shaft of humerus as per our study as it has fewer complication with comparable results to other literature.

The Financing Strategy of BMT An’fa NU as Supporting Member’s Business in Pucang Village

This study explores the role of Sharia Financing in BMT Anfa' NU
 Pucang, emphasizing its alignment with Islamic principles. It focuses on financing product types, operational methods, and strategies employed by BMT, specifically utilizing mudharabah and murabahah contracts. Interview results with BMT management underscore the organization's foundation, legal structure, and financial strategies. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach, literature review, and interviews, with data analysis utilizing thematic coding.
 BMT Anfa' NU provides inclusive financial access, supports micro-economic sustainability, and facilitates community empowerment. Innovations such as transparent profit-sharing offerings, no administration fees, and zakat tax deductions demonstrate BMT Anfa' NU's commitment to creating fair and sustainable financial solutions. The result is expected to bring more knowledge and another perspective on the financing strategy that can be applicable or can be developed in the next research. The limitation of this research is that it just takes one BMT for the subject of research.

Effects of Marketing Communication of a Small Service Company on Instagram

A social media platform such as Instagram plays an important role in online marketing, enabling businesses to reach a wide audience. Academics and practitioners have long acknowledged the importance of proper marketing communication in creating long-term bonds between existing and new customers. However, the importance of promotional techniques used in the beauty industry on the Instagram platform as a tool to increase customer engagement remains under-explored, as addressed in this study. The aim of the research was to identify the promotional techniques that most increased customer engagement rates on the social media platform Instagram. The research used a case study method for a small service company operating in the beauty industry. In the analytical process, the data source was statistics describing the effects of the beauty salon’s marketing activities on the social media platform Instagram. The results of the study showed that the key element of marketing communication is sharing posts presenting the result of the work, i.e. the results of beauty treatments presented in the photos of clients, and organising competition posts that engage both existing observers and arouse the interest of new users. Sponsored posts, on the other hand, are particularly important for reaching new potential customers.

Analysis of the Premier League's Marketing Strategies and Business Operations Methods

The Premier League is the most popular sports league in the world. Since 1992, this League has become more and more popular and eventually occupied first place in the UEFA Coefficient ranking. How did they get such achievement in nearly 30 years? Except for on-field competition, they must make an effort to promote derivative industries like clothes, medical devices, shoes, tickets, field building, and other marketing strategies such as finding sponsors, attracting a new fan base, charity works, and providing television broadcasting rights. This essay is going to analyze what the Premier League has done to elevate its profit competitiveness and what it can do to eliminate existing mistakes in terms of marketing strategies. This may enable it to continue to make a profit and enhance its popularity. The paper will take Man United as an example to develop all of the following research. Besides, a case study approach, textual analysis, and comparative analysis will be used in the following research. Hopefully, this paper may be practical for all football clubs to learn from Man United ‘s management strategies, as it can allow them to improve their own business model to gain more profit.

Comparison of the radiographic and functional outcome in pediatric orthopaedic patients with Gartland type II supracondylar fracture treated by operative versus non operative management

Background: The non-operative method of closed reduction and application of long arm posterior splint and the operative method of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are both putative management for Gartland II supracondylar fracture. The purpose of this study is to compare which method is superior in the management of this type of fracture thru the comparison of the radiographic as well as the functional outcome. Methods: This study includes 51 pediatric patients undergoing supracondylar fracture treatment. The enrolled participants were randomly allocated to one of the two groups to receive either non operative or operative treatment. Radiographic and functional outcome was assessed post treatment. Results: The operative group exhibited significant superiority versus the non operative group as reflected by the results of the post-treatment radiographs utilizing the anterior humeral line while the Baumann’s angle showed no significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, the operative group demonstrated a better Mayo elbow performance score total per follow up, only in the first 3 months but showed no significant difference thereafter. Conclusions: We therefore conclude that non operative and operative management are both effective treatment for Gartland II supracondylar fracture. The operative group showed significant superiority with results of the anterior humeral line falling mostly at the central one-third of the capitellum. The operative group manifested a better Mayo elbow performance score total only during the first 3 months of follow up.