Metaphorical Transfer Research Articles

Лингвокультурологические особенности метафорических моделей терминов сферы «Древнерусская архитектура» (на материале русского и английского языков)

The study aims to identify linguoculturological features of the metaphorical models participating in formation of the terms belonging to the sphere “Old Russian Architecture”, using the material of the Russian and English languages. The study is novel in that it is the first to examine metaphorization features of the terms belonging to the sphere “Old Russian Architecture” from the aspect of linguoculturology. As a result of the study, the authors have identified features of term formation based on metaphorical transfer, traced connection between scientific and everyday knowledge and emphasized influence of culture on choice of the objects, phenomena and properties that form a basis of the terminological metaphor.

Ethnocultural origin of the Word са́ра (“pike”) in the Old Ukrainian language

The article studies the motivational processes of the emergence of the old Ukrainian fishing professionalism са́ра, used to denote pike in the language of Zaporozhian Cossacks. The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of analysing names that reflect ethno-cultural stereotypes, the original semantics of which dates back to the Indo-European period. To identify the mechanisms of formation of the semantic model, according to which the word “са́ра” “pike” is formed, the diachronic method of research (according to the principle of relative chronology) was used together with the linguo-cultural analysis, which proved that: ichthyonymic metaphorization (creation of the figurative name of a fish) was most likely preceded by paronymic attraction (phonetic and semantic convergence of a name of a colour with a female name of ancient Jewish origin) with subsequent metaphorization of the stereotyped name of a Jew as an ichthyonym. Undoubtedly, the paronymic attraction was also facilitated by the mutilation of the noun component of the attributive phrase са́ра (шара) fish, since fishing nouns as derivatives of two-lexemic analytical nouns can be traced in temporal and spatial dimensions in various lexical-semantic groups of fishing names: варовый [tax], свôйска [marine], сьвітова́ [tonya], ка́мбалові [fish], лососе́ві [fish], etc. Thus, the archaic fishing professionalism of са́ра “pike” is connected with the old Ukrainian names of achromatic grey colour сѣрый and шарый, fitting into the motivational model «the name of the animal by the colour of its fur, feathers, scales». The colour name itself as a basis for metaphorical transference reaches the common Indo-European lexical fund and in the historical dimension combines the meaning of «dark» and «light», realising in the ancient and old Ukrainian ideology the idea of darkness and light, where the «dark side» is the image of a person of a different religion with his or her social and ethno-confessional differences, in particular, the colour of clothing. The researched material encourages further study of the Old Ukrainian lexicon in the aspect of the formation of ethno-ideological bases.

Засоби мовної репрезентації категорії процесу в англійській термінології сфери біотехнології

The article is devoted to the study of the category of process in English terminology of biotechnology in the cognitive aspect. The study of biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics is associated with the study of the role of epistemological categories and their linguistic expression in the studied terminology. It is established that certain categories play an important role both in the birth of a scientific concept and in the formation of the name that reflects it. The number of categories can be different and change over time, which in turn depends on the degree of coverage of terminology belonging to a particular field of scientific knowledge. Each science has its own conceptual apparatus, special, specific categories, which is a concentrated expression of the general, most essential features, qualities, patterns of the field that this science studies. Such a field is biotechnology and its terminology. The purpose of the article is to study the role of the category of processes and its linguistic expression in English biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics. Materials and methods of research . The source base of the work were texts from scientific literature in English (publications of scientific journals, materials of the Internet) and biotechnological dictionaries. During the analysis we relied on the methods of continuous sampling of language material, classification, definition and comparative analysis. R esults of the research. Organizing biotechnological terminology, we have identified the following categories: "biological object", "object (tool) of activity", "process", "substance", "property and characteristics", category "subject of activity", category "method of activity"," t echnology ","product of human activity". Within the terminology of biotechnology, the category "process" is the most frequently represented among these categories, as it has a pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need to accurately indicate the movement of biological objects and processes occurring in the use of biotechnology. Biotechnology as a subject area specifies this category at the conceptual level in relation to its conceptual system. In biotechnology terminology, this category has a binary structure, formed by two concepts that reflect the understanding of the processes used to form the final biotechnology product and the processes associated with monitoring the safety of biotechnology. The author aims to reveal the functional features of the category of process in the language of biotechnology and to identify a set of tools in English that serve to express this category. A significant number of terms representing the concept of "process" are also represented by metaphors. Metaphorical terms in the field of biotechnology, which verbalize the idea of objects and processes, reflect the desire to synthesize in the metaphor of the new and already known. The use of a ready-made linguistic name is often based on "usual" stereotypical associations. Сonclusions. The category of process is a universal terminological category. Biotechnology as a subject area specifies this category at the conceptual level in relation to its conceptual system. In the terminology of biotechnology, the process category has a binary structure, which is formed by two concepts. The first concept reflects an understanding of the processes used to form the final biotechnology product. The second - nominates the processes associated with monitoring the safety of biotechnology. The analysis of biotechnological terminology in English from the point of view of representation of a category of process gives the bases to consider as terms those units in which semantics the information on actions contains. At the language level, various means are involved in the verbalization of the concept of "process": special procedural vocabulary; specialized morphemes; terms created on the basis of metaphorical transference and syntactic constructions. The studied category is widely used in biotechnological terminology, as it is one of the basic categories used to classify the concepts of biotechnology.

Psycholinguistic Specifics of Understanding by Ukrainian Students the Principles of Nomination of Linguocultural Models “clothing” in English and Ukrainian

The purpose of the article is: to show psycholinguistic peculiarities of understanding by Ukrainian students the principles of nomination of linguocultural models “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages.
 The methods of the research are: theoretical ones – categorical and structurally-functional analysis of the texts, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical methods – the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the motivation of linguocultural units we used “The methods of studying of motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages” (Mykhalchuk & Ivashkevych, 2020).
 The results of the research. For the understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the Ukrainian language the laws of organization of usualized (a priori) and actual (a posteriori) communicative meanings, their interaction, movement, etc. are quite important. For understanding linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English language it is sufficient superficial perception of lexical units that denote the nominations of clothing, understanding the features of their motivation, in particular, verbs, nouns and adjectives, as well as mastering the form of presentation of this or that lexical unit.
 Conclusions. As a result of the research psycholinguistic features of students’ understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages were established. Productivity of students’ understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the Ukrainian language is determined by (a) the deep meaning of lexical units; (b) semantics and spatio-temporal meanings of linguocultural units; (c) syntactics of lexical units; (d) verb and noun basis of clothing nomination; (e) various connections between explicit concepts (metaphorical and metonymic transference); (f) assertive content of the nominative unit denoting “clothing”; (g) understanding of inferences, implications, intentions of the expressionж (h) explication of usualized (a priori) communicative meanings.

Функционирование колоративной лексики в юридическом дискурсе (на материале английского языка)

The research objective is as follows: to reveal specificity of colouratives functioning in the English-language juridical discourse. The article identifies lexico-semantic peculiarities of compound legal terms with a colour naming component, taking into account linguistic and sociocultural aspects. The author clarifies special meanings of the terms under study in order to achieve their adequate translation from English into Russian. Scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that the author for the first time examines peculiarities of colouratives functioning in the English-language juridical discourse. The findings indicate prevalence of substantive adjective terms formed by metaphorical transfer. These terms are often translated by means of descriptive-explanatory translation.

Stance-taking in Longxi Qiang: Metaphor of the third person possessive pronoun ʦeǐ

This paper focuses on the metaphor of the third person possessive pronoun ʦeǐ in Longxi Qiang, a Tibeto-Burman language. The discourse uses of ʦeǐ suggest that conceptual distance goes together with distance in surface realization. Speakers use ʦeǐ as a possessive pronoun to signal possession and definiteness. In addition to the referential meaning, speakers use ʦeǐ to express stance-taking, including the evaluation of spatio-temporal and relational distances, affective stance and discourse organization. In an utterance, ʦeǐ co-occurring with the filler làmò implicates that the speaker cannot think about how to say something about the third party. The polysemy of ʦeǐ is driven by the metaphorical transfer from possession to stance-taking. Possession can account for this metaphoric process.

СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ТЕРМИНОВ-МЕТАФОР АНГЛИЙСКОЙ И РУССКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЙ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

Purpose : To identify similarities and differences in the metaphorical way of formation of English and Russian construction terms, to identify the main lexical-semantic groups of common words that are the main sources of formation of term-metaphors in both languages . Methods . Comparative, descriptive and definitional methods were used to analyze language units and their dictionary definitions, identify similarities and national peculiarities of this method of term-formation. Results . Metaphorical transfer of commonly used concepts to special concepts is one of the sources of replenishment and updating of terminology. Groups of commonly used words and attributes that were used for naming special concepts are highlighted. Cases of using term-metaphors to form new terms using morphological means, word composition, or syntactic method are considered. The semantic relations between term- metaphors in Russian and English terminology are investigated. Conclusions. The article considers one of the ways of semantic term-formation, which is based on comparing the features of a new special concept with the features of an already known original concept, which contributes to the rapid fixation of this new concept in the mind of a specialist. Differences in the formation of term- metaphors should be taken into account when translating special texts.

Building Novel Supply Chain Theory Using “Metaphorical Imagination”

In this paper, we explore how supply chain theorists can engage with metaphorical imagination to develop supply chain theory. Our main purpose was to provide additional useful guidance on how scholars can approach the method of metaphoric transfer. To do this, we build on previous work on the metaphoric transfer method and develop the Metaphoric Transfer Pathways framework. The framework offers two novel approaches to working with metaphors that will help theorists to best leverage the theorizing potential of metaphors in their work. We also develop a set of evaluation criteria which can help scholars to choose which approach to metaphoric transfer to adopt and to maximize the productivity of metaphors used within their theorizing efforts. Our paper synthesizes the existing literature on metaphorical imagination in a novel way to provide accessible guidance for those looking to work with metaphor and to maximize their contribution toward developing novel supply chain theory.

Man-tree metaphor in British linguoculture

The tree has long been incorporated into human culture and is interpreted as compatible with a human being as a result of the man’ cognizing the world. Thus, the tree (and its elements) is used as a source of metaphor for describing all the spheres and domains of human activity. The prerequisites for the man-tree metaphor are the qualities of man and tree which can be matched: the physical configuration of the tree and the human body, which is vertically directed; local relations between trees and human relations; the visual image of the tree and the family tree concept. The cultural concept of the tree is implicit in personal names and idioms as lexical units. It manifests itself in the context of folklore texts (rhymes, ballads, verbalized superstitions, incantations, riddles) and classical works of fiction. The man-tree metaphor reflects the ancient ideas about man-tree kinship and man-tree isomorphism. The metaphorical transfer is reciprocal: the man can be endowed with the qualities of the tree, the tree can be endowed with the qualities of the man. The man-tree / tree-man metaphor is based both on the generic concept of the tree and its elements and on the concept of individual trees. The man-tree metaphors are verbalized through nouns (functions and status), verbs (activities), adjectives (qualities).

ГЕНДЕРНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ИНВЕКТИВНЫХ МЕТАФОРИЧЕСКИХ НОМИНАЦИЙ ГАЛИСИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

The article represents the results of analyzing the gender oppositions in reflection of the Galician metaphoric invective nominations. The subject matter of the analysis is gender invective metaphors: source domains that are focused in the process of gender metaphorization and gender construction as the main aspects of this analysis. The study of metaphorical invective nominations in the gender aspect showed the absence of typical features when choosing a source domain for metaphorical modeling of a human, as well as the specificity of using certain motivational bases. The most demanded source domains for the invective metaphorical modeling of human turned out to be “animals”, followed by the frequency of occurrence are “artifacts”, “human”, “food”, “mythological images” and “naturofacts”. The gender fixation of the metaphorical invective nomination depends on the word-formation and grammatical characteristics of the lexemes, which act as the source’s domains of such nominations. If the names of the source domains (fauna, human, and mythical images) contain semantic components in the lexical meaning that distinguish the gender opposition, then, as a rule, with the metaphorical transfer such opposition is preserved. Such metaphorical invective nomination can be either gender unmarked or gender marked. Metaphoric zoomorphic nominations, the source domains of which do not have gender differentiation, or that name various objects (nautrofacts, artifacts, food) in their original nominative meaning, can be identified either with a human in general or with a man or a woman.

Роль метафоры «Сибирский Иерусалим» в публицистическом дискурсе начала XXI в. (по материалам региональной и городской прессы Каинска и Енисейска)

Nowadays they build “Siberian Jerusalems” on the territory of Trans-Ural: Yeniseisk, Barguzin, Birobidzhan, Blagoveshchensk and Kainsk. Moreover in different times social and scientific discourse of Siberia (and Russia) already knew “Siberian Jerusalems”: Tobolsk, Kainsk. Researchers focus not only on the process of generating and existence of the phenomenon “Siberian Jerusalem”, but also on the issue of the very transferring process of the idea of Jerusalem to Siberia, spatial and semiotic introduction into the sacred space of Siberian cities. The authors pay special attention to the concept of “Siberian Jerusalem” as applied to the cities of Kainsk and Yeniseisk. Are there common qualities of two metaphoric “Siberian Jerusalem” and can we argue that these concepts are identical? Basing on these metaphors the study helps to figure out the genesis and essence of these constructs “Kainsk — Siberian Jerusalem” and “Yeniseisk — Siberian Jerusalem”, where they are implemented. In methodological terms the paper uses developments in the field of cultural-sematic transfer (S. S. Avanesov) and linguistic studies of metaphor as a language unit and mechanisms of its generation (N. D. Arutyunova, V. P. Moskvin). The authors conclude that while syntactic structure of the metaphor “Kainsk — “Siberian Jerusalem” and” “Yeniseisk — “Siberian Jerusalem” coincided they denote non-identical meanings.

Resources and methods of neosemantization of the modern Ukrainian vocabulary

This article focuses on the dynamic processes at the lexical level. The research data, e.g., academic dictionaries and dictionaries of new words, online media texts, and specialized professional sites, the Ukrainian journalism, and posts by Facebook users, indicate the emergence of a large number of new meanings of various word classes words well-known in the modern Ukrain- ian language practice. Some of them are already included in dictionaries, and, therefore, have acquired definitions used in this study. Examples not attested in lexicographic sources are reinterpreted in accordance with their new meanings. The author focuses on the ability of the language to update its vocabulary within its own resources through semantic derivation, hidden borrowings, and the use of the available derivation model referring to a new concept. A phenomenon of semantic derivation is outlined and the mechanisms of its main types, e.g., metaphorical and metonymy transfer of meaning, amplification and semantic narrowing, are explicated. The paper looks into the basis for such a unit assimilation process, i.e., the main groups of modern hidden borrowings and resources. The author considers the phenomenon of the reuse of an existing derivation model as a way of updating the semantics of a word and classifies neosemantisms not only by the method of creation but also by lexical and word-formation categories and types of polysemy. The use of neosemantisms in Standard Ukrainian proves their functional and word-formation activity, which shows a constant qualitative development of the language and an increase of its naming resources. Keywords: neosemantism, semantic derivation, polysemy, hidden borrowing, recurrent derivational model, homonym.

СЕМАНТИКО-ФУНКЦІЙНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЇ МЕТАФОРИ В МОВІ ТВОРІВ ПОЕТІВ-ПОСТМОДЕРНІСТІВ

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning and creation of metaphors in the poetry of Oksana Zabuzhko, Yuri Izdrik and Serhiy Zhadan. The main contradiction in the understanding of metaphor lies in the ambiguous essence of this phenomenon: on the one and, metaphor is a means of speech, a linguistic unit, and on the other – it belongs to the figurative figures of language. A number of linguistic works in both Ukrainian and foreign linguistics are devoted to the study of metaphors. In particular, the language metaphor became the subject of scientific interest of N. Harutyunova; metaphor, its nature and role in language, and speech were studied by A. Gavrilyuk, the means of expression of metaphor became the main topic of research G. Sklyarevskaya and others. One of the important problems of linguistic stylistics is the study of the linguistic personality of writers, whose works are one of the stylistic sources of development of Ukrainian poetic language, so the importance of metaphor in poetic texts remains a relevant object of modern linguistic studies. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of semantics and the functioning of conceptual-semantic and structural-grammatical types of metaphors in the collections "Second Attempt" by Oksana Zabuzhko, "Quote Book" by Serhiy Zhadan and "Lazy and Gentle" by Yuri Izdryk. In accordance with the purpose, the following research methods were used: descriptive, using the methods of comparison and observation, as well as external and internal interpretation of linguistic material to determine the associations underlying metaphorical transference, contextual, conceptual and semasiological to analyze metaphor in the context of a poetry of postmodern writers. The article also clarifies the concept of metaphor and establishes its feature as a semantic linguistic unit. The focus is on the classification of metaphors used in the works of postmodern poets. The stylistic role and functions of language metaphors in poetic texts are investigated. This article can be used for further research in the field of conceptual metaphors in novel or poems.

АГРЕССИВНАЯ МЕТАФОРА КАК ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНО-ЭКСПРЕССИВНОЕ СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЕ СРЕДСТВО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НЕГАТИВНОГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО МНЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЕЛЕ СТАТЕЙ ФРАНЦУЗСКИХ СМИ, ПОСВЯЩЁННЫХ ДВИЖЕНИЮ "ЖЁЛТЫХ ЖИЛЕТОВ" ВО ФРАНЦИИ)

This article is devoted to the study of "aggressive" metaphors in the French media. The main concept of the work is to study the conceptual metaphors proposed by the American linguists J. Lakoff, M. Johnson and the Russian linguist, A.P. Chudinov using the theoretical material of cognitive linguistics and stylistics. From the point of view of the theory the key issues are the consideration of the concept of metaphor in the framework of stylistics and cognitive linguistics, the study of the structure of conceptual metaphors: conceptual domains, the principles of metaphorical transfer, frame-slot mechanisms, stylistic functions, the study of the role of this type of metaphor in the journalistic text, the study of their stable classification and basic stylistic characteristics. The analysis of the structure of conceptual metaphors is necessary for understanding the process of metaphorization and for studying the principles of forming a negative opinion of the author. All the studied examples relate to certain metaphorical concepts that express an "aggressive" metaphor. The authors also emphasize the mechanisms of speech aggression in metaphor. The research is based on the material of political articles devoted to the «yellow vests movement in France, taken from the well-known weekly magazines "Le Monde" and "Le Point".

ФЛОРОНИМЫ В ЛИРИКЕ С. А. ЕСЕНИНА

The lexemes of the thematic group «Nominations of the plant world» are very common in the poetry of S. A. Yesenin, which determines the significance of this thematic component for the author. The article attempts to classify and analyze the floronyms selected from the lyrical poems of the poet in volume 1 of the complete works. The purpose of this article is to analyze the frequency and features of using floronyms in lyrics, as well as to trace the patterns of development of S. A. Yesenin's idiostyle. The paper shows the use of lexemes from the following subgroups: names of trees, shrubs, flowers, herbs, grains and vegetables. Their main functions in the poetic text are to create a landscape, with floronyms most often evoking memories of one's native land, as well as to portray the lyrical hero's inner suffering. The central image of nature – the birch tree – had a direct true connection with the poet's homeland, and the whole of Russia was «birch-like» for S.A. Yesenin. Yesenin's birch tree becomes the "heroine" of most of his poems as a symbol of love for his country, his homeland, his father's home. The peculiarities of word usage, such as metaphorical transfer of meanings, artistic personification, violation of lexical compatibility, create the individual style of the poet Sergey Yesenin. In addition, the use of lexemes of this thematic group shows the poet's closeness to nature and people, the mythological ideas of herbs and trees from his childhood, folklore traditions representing the Russian nature and soul, which expands our understanding of the linguistic and poetic picture of S. Yesenin's world.

OD KAMENA NIKOM NI KAMENA

As the basis of traditional architecture and geological composition of a large part of the Balkans, stone inevitably marked an epic picture of the world. In epics, stone is also a part of the burial rites, as a means of magical cursing and as an element of common practice (wearing a stone around the neck). However, its symbolic dimensions are much more involved. Due to a number of features suitable for metaphorical transfer – immobile, heavy, solid, cold, barren, inanimate, matter foreign to the human constitution – stone played an extremely important role in the conceptual framework of folklore. Practically every one of the above mentioned aspects has become a generator of oral formulas and idiomatics more widely. In religious nar- ratives motifs of miracles were connected to stone (water flowing from the stone), while in epics, cores of an ethnocultural model were accentuated by the motif of stone, such as the firmness of a given word or faith.

ГЛАГОЛЬНЫЕ МЕТАФОРЫ В РУССКОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ

The aim of the research is to study the verbalization of medical knowledge, metaphorical nomination as one of the ways to replenish the Russian medical dictionary in medical texts from different historical periods, using the material of verbsterms. Thanks to the scenario approach, a cognitive scenario of the verbs of medical care is described, which includes three scenes in general and is concretized in the meanings of the verbs used. The synchronous-diachronic research method made it possible to draw a conclusion about the productivity of metaphorical transfer in a medical text, since this is a way of creating a special verb vocabulary and terms that is characteristic of all periods of the development of the national medical dictionary. The results of the work can be used in further cognitive research of medical care verbs and verb terms.

МЕТАФОРИЧНА РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЯ КОНЦЕПТУ КОХАННЯ У ДАВНЬОГРЕЦЬКИХ ІДИЛІЯХ

The study presents the results of the peculiarities’ analysis of the metaphorical verbalization of the concept LOVE based on the texts of Ancient Greek Theocritus, Moschus and Bion’s idylls. The study of the peculiarities of the representation of the concept LOVE on the material of Ancient Greek texts is of a particular interest to researchers, as it allows to to model the linguoconceptosphere of the Ancient Greek language speakers. The metaphor in the works of bucolic poets reflects both the general cognition of the feeling of love and the authors’ own cognition. The paper presents a brief overview of the phenomenon of love in Ancient Greece through the prism of Ancient Greek literature, which doubtlessly influenced the works of the idylls’ authors. As a result, the main models of metaphorical transference, which were used to represent the concept LOVE, were singled out and analysed by the source domain. The analysis showed that the most productive of them are: “love is disease”, “love is fire”, “love is deity” and “love is gustatory / physical perception”. Features of the metaphorical representation of the concept LOVE are caused by Greeks’ mythological ideas, the philosophical tradition and established in Ancient Greek culture customs. The concept LOVE in the three studied authors is presented in the same way, which gives us the reason to believe that Moschus and Bion creatively imitated Theocritus.

Метафора как способ выражения и импликации вербальной агрессии (на материале отечественного рок-дискурса)

The article is devoted to verbal aggression: possible approaches to the study of this phenomenon and the speech means that mark it are mentioned. First of all, the potential of stylistic devices in the implementation of the aggressive character of the text related to rock discourse is considered. The author analyses such means of speech aggression in which negative connotations and aggressive semantics appear as a result of metaphorical transfer or in the process of replacing with a descriptive turn according to the principle of periphery. In addition, attention is paid to the specifics of the implication of speech aggression in Russian rock discourse and the euphemistic properties of stylistic devices. The article contains numerous examples from both late Soviet and modern musical texts.

Обзор лингводидактических исследований метафоры методами когнитивной и прикладной лингвистики

Metaphor is a traditional research object in linguistics. Works on the analysis of this phenomenon using methods of cognitive and applied linguistics in texts of various kinds are numerous and continue to accumulate. Peculiarities of the formation of metaphorical competence in language learners and native speakers can also be considered as an urgent area of research. In this regard, compilation of a review of studies on metaphors in the context of teaching and learning foreign languages using methods of cognitive and applied linguistics seems relevant and significant. This direction, on the one hand, is sufficiently developed and multifaceted for the accumulation of a significant number of publications that require comprehension and systematization (up to existence of graduation projects on it), and, on the other hand, it has a sufficient degree of novelty in order not to duplicate existing review materials, since, in particular, in Russian-language studies, problems of the metaphorical competence of students of foreign languages were posed and began to be considered relatively recently. Research materials were English-language and Russian-language research articles with full-text free access, published mainly in peer-reviewed scientific editions over the past 10 years, a total of 40. As a result of processing the material using general scientific methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis, a critical assessment was given in regards to the current state of affairs in the corresponding areas of research. The examination of English-language publications showed that foreign authors pay attention to simple and intuitive cases of metaphorical transfer, and also use conceptual metaphors mainly as a research tool that allows assessing the perception of various aspects of the pedagogical process or the language studied. The review of Russian-language publications revealed that domestic authors actively explore the metaphorical competence of students, develop new methods and techniques, clarify terminology, collect materials for further processing, but they often publish overly theorized works and are not always methodologically accurate. Also, the study of the collected works demonstrates the lack of a common basis for carrying out research of this kind. The results of the study led to the conclusion that application of the cognitive-linguistic approach to studies of foreign languages, largely based on working with metaphors, is considered by foreign and domestic researchers as a promising direction; however, de facto, the results obtained often do not correspond to this optimism: many works are narrow and typical, and at the same time end with bold generalizations; studies in this area as a whole lack a research perspective. The directions of further research, regarded as the most interesting, potentially fruitful and promising by the authors of this article, are also highlighted.