Metaphorical Terms Research Articles

Conceptual Metaphor BUSINESS IS A JOURNEY in Business Terminology

Departing from the conventional understanding that metaphor is merely a component of rhetorical and poetic expression, the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor provides linguistic evidence that metaphor plays a crucial role in creating new specialized vocabulary. The present study attempts to apply the Conceptual Metaphor Theory to analyze the metaphor BUSINESS IS A JOURNEY in nominating business terminology. The corpus of the study comprises 179 metaphorical business terms collected from business dictionaries and textbooks. It is discovered in the study that certain attributes of the “journey” source domain are mapped onto those of the “business” target domain, resulting in four derivative metaphors in business terms, namely companies are conventionally viewed as travelers, business tools are metaphorically described as vehicles, business growth is conceptually viewed as the roadmap and distance covered, and business challenges are metaphorically described as obstacles encountered. The research findings highlight metaphorization as an effective method of business term nomination.

El exilio metafórico de la identidad en relatos escogidos de Milia Gayoso Manzur y Edmundo Paz Soldán

This study proposes an interpretation of exile in metaphorical terms, namely a binary association which relates territorial uprooting to a distance that a sick subject carries out either from the socio-cultural context of reference or from his own subjective identity. We intend to analyze the disease as a factor of de-territorialization, in order to see how the pathological condition may cause a withdrawal of the Egoidentity that leads, in the sick subject, to: a) a renunciation of existence (it goes from the extreme “thanatic impulse” to less traumatic forms of isolation and confinement) or b) a refusal to reintegrate into the human dimension, turning down all possible forms of recovery/rehabilitation. For our symbolic approach we selected the short stories “Con las alas rotas” and “La mirada ausente”, included in the volume Gorriones bajo la lluvia (2020), authored by the Paraguayan Milia Gayoso Manzur, and the story “El croata” which the Bolivian Edmundo Paz Soldán wrote for the thematic anthology Excesos del cuerpo (2009). The limitations related to a pathological state are seen as a set of factors which can break the ties that the individuals maintain with their social environment and with the perception of their own body: an experience of detachment or exile in loco. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2024 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]

Dissonance and disobedience in Brazilian quilombola heritages

ABSTRACT This article discusses Brazilian quilombo heritage by focusing on three dimensions of the intersection between this heritage and emancipation: 1) the emancipatory power of heritage, 2) the possibilities that result from emancipating heritage from a consonant approach, and 3) the possibilities of emancipation from heritage. Quilombos are collective societies formed mainly by people of African descent who created independent communities outside the Brazilian slavery system. Using a case study based on ethnographic and archival research conducted at the Quilombo Campinho da Independência and the city of Paraty between 2015 and 2024, I begin by detailing the dominant heritage narratives in the town of Paraty and then examine how suppressed quilombo voices navigate these narratives in legal and metaphorical terms for emancipatory purposes. Ultimately, the article pushes for approaching heritage from multiple scales and angles.

DERIVATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF PREFIXES IN THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF INTERONYMS WITH PREFIXES Dé-, CON-, RE-/DE-, CON-, RE-)

The focus of research devoted to the study of a term as a scientific conceptual unit is currently moving to the consideration of its metaphorical nature, given that the processes of metaphorical term formation occur in different scientific fields constantly, but with varying degrees of intensity, which does not reduce the level of relevance of this topic. In the vocabulary of terminological systems, a large role belongs to word-forming elements or derivational formants (prefixes), thanks to which new lexical units are formed and thereby the conceptual-categorical sphere of science is re-encoded. The prefix gives the base of the word and its first, main meaning a new meaning, and antonym prefixes cannot, in theory, be combined in one word. It is all the more interesting, in our opinion, to pay attention to terms formed by a combination of prefixes and antonyms (deconstruction). These formants have great derivational potential; they create new terms and concepts, new metaphors, in a word, new formants of thought, as happened thanks to the concept of déconstruction, one of the basic ones in the philosophy of Jacques Derrida. The purpose of the article is to consider the features of the derivational function of formant prefixes using the example of the terminological nest construction, which includes the terms reconstruction, déstruction, déconstruction.

Metaphorical terms as a source of enrichment of the veterinary terminology system in German

The object of the study is the metaphor terms in the veterinary terminology system in modern German. The processes of metaphorization of veterinary vocabulary are considered as one of the sources of terminology formation, the analysis of veterinary metaphors in semantic, structural and etymological relations is carried out. Semantically, the terms-metaphors of the veterinary terminological system were grouped by the authors into 5 thematic groups, namely, "Animal body parts", "Diseases, their symptoms and pathologies", "Animals and living organisms", "Veterinary instruments and medicines" and "Diagnostic and therapeutic measures". Such types of metaphorical transference have been identified both by similarity of form and appearance, by similarity of functions, by similarity of impression, by similarity of location and by similarity in the way actions are presented. The main research methods determined by its purpose are semantic, structural and functional, the method of linguistic observation and description, in addition, elements of quantitative analysis are used. The material for the analysis was metaphorical terms in the field of veterinary medicine, taken from the "German-Russian veterinary Dictionary" by V. A. Beskhlebnov, as well as the veterinary lexicon in German. The main conclusions of the study include that, structurally, the most productive word-formation model among veterinary metaphor terms are determinative composites, followed in descending order by terminological phrases divided into attributive, genitive, attributive-genitive and prepositional, derivative metaphors are less productive and isolated cases of one-word metaphors have been identified. From an etymological point of view, the veterinary terminology system presents metaphor terms mainly of German origin, borrowings from other languages are found in small numbers. Metaphorical terms are firmly rooted in veterinary discourse, being one of the sources of replenishment of veterinary terminology.

Role of Language in Emotions and Bias: A Cognitive Linguistic Perspective of Affective Political Media in the US

In todays digital era, where emotions are central to journalism and information disseminates rapidly, the role of language in transmitting emotions, stereotypes, and biases has become a subject of debate and study. The use of language in news media can be argued, as it may prioritize sensationalism over accuracy to tap into peoples feelings under new business models and the attention economy. While journalism ethics aim to minimize bias, journalism consistently incorporates emotions to captivate the audience and create an experience of involvement. This is significant because language, consumed from diverse media news channels, is integral to cognition. Research in cognitive linguistics demonstrates that human beings view the world in metaphoric terms, and language defines and constrains communication, thinking, and sense-making. This article explores linguistic mechanisms such as metaphors of flood and aliens, agenda setting, selectivity, framing, and expectancy bias, through which emotions, perspectives, and affectivity are sustained and propagated in political news reporting. It considers the impact of stereotypes and biases, particularly in the media portrayal of undocumented immigrants and different framings in the description of the War in Gaza. The article highlights that language is seldom neutral and is intertwined with motives, emphasizing the importance of understanding the persuasive power of words. In conclusion, this paper reveals the role of language in shaping perceptions of message receivers and contributes to enhancing linguistic justice, informing more ethical approaches to journalism and media production. It emphasizes the need for an editorially conscious and intelligent use of language to create engaging, empathetic content.

Chinese Buddhism and Vertical Space Metaphoric Thinking

ABSTRACT Prior research indicated the association between religious concepts and perceptions of vertical positions may exist in Tibetan Buddhism. This study extends this view by investigating whether such an evaluation tendency also adapts to Chinese Buddhism. We employed explicit/implicit measures involving 305 participants in two studies. In Study 1, we used forced-choice method to explore whether the Chinese Buddhist-related concepts were represented by vertical spatial metaphors explicitly. In study 2a/b, we used the IAT to assess the religion-vertical relationship implicitly, and also exploring whether there are differences between believers and nonbelievers. Study 1 revealed that all participants tended to put Buddhist-related concepts on the above vertical position, but believers were more inclined to put religious concepts on the above vertical position than nonbelievers. Study 2a/b showed that participants were faster at categorizing Buddhist-related words when they were paired with up-related words and Devil-related words when they were paired with down-related words. However, there was a split between believers and nonbelievers from the results of the analysis of variance. These results revealed that the association of Buddhist-related concepts and vertical spatial metaphoric terms exists in Han population, and intensity of the association was moderated by the strength of belief in Buddhism.

Beauty with an Explanation and the Poetics of Acculturation: How, and Why, Michael Ondaatje’s Poetic Novels Work

Abstract Michael Ondaatje’s first three novels, those which cemented his international fiction career, each use a pattern in which metaphors which begin as isolated comparisons of A to B are also sequentially repackaged into the lesser known (but equally substitutive) trope of metonymy. In sequence, this metonymic use of metaphor fuses the self-evident comparison of metaphor with the more acculturated substitution of metonymy – a substitution taught within a culture, not self-evident like a metaphor – ultimately enacting a poetics of acculturation. Loading a novel’s metaphorical terms with sequential meaning was crucial to an Ondaatje who was not only transitioning from poet to novelist, but doing so in an aesthetic fusion of the postmodern and the postcolonial also found in other late-twentieth-century postcolonial novels.

Метафорическое терминообразование в техническом дискурсе (на материале русского, башкирского и английского языков)

The aim of the research is to identify the nominative and structural characteristics of metaphorical terms in technical discourse using the material of Russian, Bashkir, and English. The paper clarifies the notions “metaphor” and “metaphorical models” in a comparative aspect. In scientific language, metaphorization is the process of selecting terms based on similarities between different objects in terms of their features, functions, or characteristics. The main conceptual fields in the formation of metaphorical terms are represented by the metaphorical models “Human” and “Nature”. The study is novel in that it is the first to analyze metaphorical term formation in the Russian, Bashkir, and English languages, introducing into scientific use new factual data on technical terminology in a comparative aspect. It was found that in the analyzed languages, there is a high percentage of metaphors within the “Human” and “Nature” models. The research revealed that the process of metaphorization in technical terminology is more extensive in Russian and English compared to the Bashkir language. Metaphor proves to be an effective means of forming technical terms in the languages under consideration.

Color-Based Metaphors in English and the Process of Metaphorization in Technical Texts: A Review Study

The study of the complicated processes taking place in technical texts could change not only the mechanism of a contemporary term formation, but also widen their meanings and extend spheres of their application in both monolingual and multilingual communicative settings. Accordingly, this review study aims at the elaboration of the use and classification of the color-based metaphorical terms in English as well as at the analysis of the tendency for metaphorization of technical texts in English. It further aims at explaining the tendencies in the development of technical texts that have caused changes in the development of technical vocabulary initiating the ongoing process of metaphorization and an extension of meaning of the existing and newly created terms. To this end, the complicated mechanisms underlying the emerging concepts of enduring metaphorization are explained and the processes of meaning formation, extension or compression are illustrated. In the end, as there are potential threats in the pattern of the color-based term creation in technical terms in English and their possible translation into other languages, some relevant caveats are provided.

Анатомическая лексика в якутской оронимии

The article focuses on orographic appellatives and oronyms derived from anatomical terms in the Yakut language through metaphorization. Given that the Yakut oronymy is endangered due to several sociolinguistic and socio-economic reasons, collecting, systematizing, studying, and preserving this specific layer of the Yakut toponymic lexicon in linguistic databases is relevant. We have identified more than 80 anatomical terms that contributed to the Yakut oronymy development. We divided the Yakut anatomical vocabulary used as orographic appellatives into two groups: 1) lexemes denoting the external parts of human and animal bodies and 2) lexemes denoting the internal organs of humans and animals. The comparative analysis covered the following anatomical terms: atax ‘leg’, bas ‘head’, sürex ‘heart’, tumus ‘nose; beak’, kulgaax ‘ear’, töbö ‘head’, meyii ‘brain’, emiy ‘udder’. The comparison has demonstrated a substantial similarity in the anatomical vocabulary used as orographic appellatives in the Turkic languages. However, some Turkic languages feature divergence in terms of content, possibly resulting from the influence of contact languages (related and unrelated). The abundance and variety of metaphorical anatomical terms in different Turkic languages may also be due to the physical and geographical features of the terrain on which they function. Given the above, the anatomical vocabulary can be considered an additional source for understanding the formation patterns and features of the Turkic-Mongolian geographical vocabulary of Siberia.

Conceptual Metaphors of “风 (Wind)” and “雨 (Rain)” in English and Chinese Idioms: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study

This study, framed within the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, systematically examines and analyzes the metaphorical expressions of “风 (wind)”, “雨 (rain)”, and “风雨 (wind and rain)” in English and Chinese idioms. The Chinese language data for this study primarily originates from Modern Chinese dictionary and the BCC corpus, while the English language data is predominantly sourced from the COCA corpus. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: regarding the metaphorical expressions of the “风 (wind)” , both English and Chinese languages predominantly exhibit similarities, demonstrating a characteristic of “differences within similarities”; in contrast, the metaphorical expressions of the “雨 (rain)” is not as rich as that of the “风 (wind)”, and the majority of metaphorical expressions manifest differences between English and Chinese, reflecting a “similarity within differences” pattern. The metaphorical expressions of the “风雨 (wind and rain)” show uniqueness in Chinese and an absence in English. This study suggests that the target domain of meteorological metaphorical terms can be broadly categorized into three aspects: (1) the natural target domain, (2) the social target domain, and (3) the psychological target domain. In English and Chinese languages, the similarities of meteorological metaphorical terms is mainly observed in the natural domain, whereas differences are primarily evident in the psychological domain, with fewer differences in the social domain.

Механизмы моделирования семантики метафорического термина (на материале юридической терминологии)

The aim of the article is the identification of the specificity of metaphorical modeling of the Russian legal terminology in the aspect of the types involved as bases of cognitive models. The theoretical and methodological basis is approaches developed within a cognitive approach to the semantics of the term and metaphorology (conceptual metaphor theory, metaphorical modeling theory, extended conceptual metaphor theory). The analysis methodology includes the continuous selection method, MIPVU; the components’ and conceptual frames’ analysis method, the metaphorical modeling procedure. The empirical data are 909 legal metaphor terms in Russian. The study established the following. The metaphorical fragment of the legal terminology is diverse. In the aspect of the semantics of the source conceptual domains for the representation of knowledge in the field of law, the macrocategories of HUMAN, OBJECT, and SPACE prevail. The HUMAN macro-category is more often used to reveal abstract legal domains such as LEGAL, JUDICIAL, ECONOMIC, CIVIL, POLITICAL, PROCEDURAL, ILLEGAL ACTION, and LEGAL STATE. Models representing physical actions of a human are more actively involved in legal knowledge modeling. The representations of character traits, mental, communicative and social actions are also applied. The macro-category OBJECT most often profiles the characteristics of the legal domains, OBJECT OF LEGAL RELATIONS and its PROPERTIES, OBJECT OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CIVIL RELATIONS, and PROPERTY OF OBJECT OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS. The most common notions about the object are most often involved here: the majority of metaphors are based on image-schemes. The macro-category SPACE forms such abstract legal domains as PROPERTIES OF THE OBJECT OF LEGAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS, SUBJECT OF LEGAL RELATIONS, LEGAL STATUS, STATE OF THE OBJECT OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS, and LEGAL ACTION. Spatial organization and movements notions are involved more consistently. In the aspect of organization, the markers of the spatial part and size are more prominent. Within terms’ semantics modeling based on this knowledge, the image-scheme “source–path–goal” is actively applied, but representations of the vertical direction of spatial movements are rarely involved.

Exploring the Beauty of Islamic Values Through Metaphorical Expressions in Literary Work

Islamic values are strongly tied to Muslims’ ability to live in this world and the Hereafter. As a result, continuous research on Islamic ideals is required. These ideals can serve as a guideline for Muslims in their daily lives. In this regard, this research investigates Islamic principles reflected through metaphorical expressions in a literary work. This research employs a qualitative approach, an in-depth examination of a phenomenon. This study’s data was derived from metaphorical language containing Islamic ideals. The source of the data is Hamka’s novel Di Bawah Lindungan Ka’bah. The Qur’an and Hadith are utilized to analyze Islamic principles, while metaphor theory is employed to study metaphorical terms. The study’s findings indicate that this novel has the core values for hablun min Allah and hablun min al-nas. The value of hablun min Allah is firm faith (‘aqidah) in Allah. Hablun min al-nas’s main principles include the pursuit of trustworthiness, togetherness, affection, kindness, carefulness, and politeness, all leading to prosperity. In expressing and preaching Islamic ideals, metaphorical terms serve as a medium to describe a situation, underline a message, deliver values politely, and create aesthetic and artistic effects.

TRANSLATING METAPHORICAL TERMS OF ENGLISH SCI-TECH TEXTS INTO UKRAINIAN

The article highlights the peculiarities of the carried-out translation analysis of metaphorical terms in English specialized texts of natural sciences and technical sciences. During the study of English scientific and technical texts, the method of critical literature analysis and contextual analysis was applied, which involved the study of figurative constructions in the context of their use. Figurative means of various types were investigated using descriptive and comparative methods. The continuous sampling method was used to extract the corpus of the study. Systematization and generalization of the research results was carried out using the descriptive method. It is emphasized that the most common figurative device used in the scientific style is a metaphor. Since in modern scientific literature, a metaphor is most often used to describe an object or phenomenon, it can acquire a terminological character due to the figurative reinterpretation of commonly used words and the stability of the form. In the process of terminologicalization, the metaphor loses a significant part of its inherent imagery and the possibility of double interpretation, therefore, such a metaphor is quite characteristic of modern scientific prose. Since the main function of the terminological metaphor is informative, and therefore its use does not violate the functional features of the scientific style. It is noted that terminological metaphors, which are widely used in scientific style texts, can be translated into Ukrainian by a counterpart with a similar or changed character of imagery and a non-metaphorical word, conveying only the denotative meaning of the metaphor-term.

Addressing Urgencies of Democratic Interaction in the Public Spherean: Attempt to Facilitate Disagreement on Audience Dramaturgies of Disagreement

In the research project 'Dramaturgies of Disagreement in Contemporary Theatre,' I examined how theatre performances dramaturgically work with substantial disagreement within audiences and non audiences. In the first part of this article, I present and discuss the cultural politi cal context, the societal backdrop, and the agenda of this research. I argue for the need to deal critically with normative prem ises and closures in this research. In the second part, I exemplify how a move from a normative point of departure towards a more descriptive approach may be realised. I start this part by presenting the applied sociological theory of communities of disa greements (Iversen 2014), before I describe, analyse, and compare three Norwegian par ticipatory performances from recent years. I propose the metaphorical terms of theatre as either arena , laboratory, or catalyst for communities of disagreement to highlight differences between the dramaturgical approaches. I further examine how the rela tion between the limited public space of the theatre and the wider public sphere is con ceptualised differently in the three cases. Finally, I relate the analysed dramaturgies to a spectrum of political theory that spans from deliberative to agonistic democracy to further illuminate and facilitate legit imate disagreement on dramaturgies of disagreement. Art does not need any justification. Yet public funding of the arts in democratic societies is dependent on such justifica tions. And no public funding results in poor conditions for the arts. That means, art is dependent on justifications after all. As a theatre researcher, I contribute to the form ation, affirmation, and negotiation of such justifications, whether I am aware of it and intentionally partake or not. The Nordic welfare states are known for their (relatively) extensive support of the arts. However, the traditionally pre sumed societal consensus on this support has been showing signs of weakness for a while. Hence, the Arts Council Norway and the Danish Arts Foundation11 have called attention to the need for renewed strategies of legitimisation. Their latest research pro gramme, 'Arts and Social Communities,' has been motivated by this need. My research into dramaturgies of disagreement in con temporary theatre has been funded by this programme. What I present and discuss in this article reflects my experiences of con tributing to this programme.

When Brand Narratives Are Written in Metaphoric Terms, Can They Weaken Self-Brand Connections?

When Brand Narratives Are Written in Metaphoric Terms, Can They Weaken Self-Brand Connections?

سید انور علی شاہ کی مذہبی و صوفیانہ شاعری:ایک مطالعہ

Sufi Syed Anwar Ali Shah, born on 11 Muharamul Haram 1324 H at Village Jahan pur Sharif, Taluka Mirpur Mathelo District Ghotki, His father, s Name is Syed Khuda Bux Shah. The forefathers of Syed Anwar Ali Shah belonged to Arabia, then migrated to Punjab (Uch Sharif) and then to Balochistan and then to Sindh. Syed Anwar Ali Shah received his early religious education from his uncle Hafiz Syed Bahadur Ali shah and then from Molvi Mohammad Essa Noorani. Anwar Ali Shah received a little wordly knowledge in apparent but his spiritual and metaphysical knowledge is very thoughtful. Sufi Anwar Ali Shah composed poetry in many languages i, e Sindhi, Urdu, Siraiki, Balochi, Persian, Arabic, Hindi and Marwari. Syed Anwar Ali Shah, s mystic poetry is full of deep sense, wide message and a great insight and enlightenment. He is on the same path of Mansoori. Poerty of Syed Anwar Shah is message of unity, tolerance and co-existence. Nodoubt, the urdu poetry of Syed Anwar Ali Shah is replete with thought-provoking subjects, and metaphorical terms, which needs a very deep study and insight to understand. Syed Anwar Shah is a great Sufi saint, and his message in poetry is in line with same all sufis of world. This article peeps in deep to his Urdu poetry at wider length.

Literatur und Energie in Joseph Roths Der Rauch verbindet Städte (1926)

Abstract: In his report Der Rauch verbindet Städte , which appeared in the Frankfurter Zeitung in 1926, Joseph Roth described how coal mining affected life, society, and work in the Ruhr Valley. The text demonstrates impressively and in metaphoric terms how the coal trade and its industrial use as a source of energy had a direct influence on everyday life and the economy. This article proceeds from coal as a source of energy to examine the connection between literature and energy, reading this text against the background of the field of Energy Humanities currently developing in the anglophone sphere. This research focus, which has to date hardly been pursued in the German-speaking world, provides a new and productive perspective within the field of Austrian Studies.

Exoheliotrope: Metaphor in the Texts of Astrobiology and Deconstruction

This article undertakes a deconstructive reading of astrobiology’s search for extraterrestrial life. Taking its lead from Derrida’s ‘White Mythology’, it explores ‘metaphor in the text of astrobiology’—and includes within the astrobiological ‘text’ not only scientific publications and work on astrobiology in the philosophy of science, but also ‘life detection technologies’. I situate astrobiology in the tradition of a metaphysical analogy that goes back through the enlightenment and early modern astronomy to the ancient Atomists’ notion of the ‘plurality of worlds’. This analogy, which constitutes an identification of life with being and therefore serves as the conceptual basis for the notion that life must exist on other worlds, experiences a mutation in the middle of the twentieth century when molecular biology refigures life in terms of a scriptural metaphor as text. The result is an aporia whose logic Derrida formalised in ‘White Mythology’.