Metaphorical Images Research Articles

Метафора как средство словесно-художественной креативности Л. Н. Толстого (на материале романа «Анна Каренина»)

The work aims to examine the linguocreative specificity of metaphor generation in L. N. Tolstoy’s prose. The article ascertains that metaphor is not only a language category but also the result of the writer’s linguocreative activity, metaphorical expressions figuratively convey meanings and possess suggestive characteristics. Scientific novelty is accounted for by the fact that the study of metaphors in L. N. Tolstoy’s prose is carried out from the linguocreative perspectives, which are also the result of the writer’s creative activity. As a result, it is being proved that L. N. Tolstoy’s literary and artistic creativity is realised in an unconventional combination of lexemes, which generates metaphorical images and testifies to the unique linguistic feeling and great skill of the literary artist.

DOES PANDEMIC HAVE A SILVER LINING? A CONTRASTIVE CORPUS STUDY OF COLLOCATIONS WITH PANDEMIC IN MEDIA TEXTS

The research is devoted to the contrastive corpus analysis of the semantic prosody of collocations with PANDEMIC in the broadsheet ‘The Guardian’ and the tabloid ‘The Mirror’. The corpora have been processed with the help of Sketch Engine and the collocations with PANDEMIC have been analysed. The study mostly concentrates on the verbs with PANDEMIC as subject and object as most representative in media texts. The dictionary definition of PANDEMIC interprets it as a word with negative semantic prosody. The discourse analysis of the data obtained proves that collocations containing this collocate have negative semantic colouring as well. The following verbs start, hit, lead, cause, force, mean, devastate, which are common for both newspapers, represent PANDEMIC as a metaphorical image of a disaster, and the verbs specific for ‘The Mirror’ – bring, abate, inflict, scupper, kill, give, show, go on – support the given picture. However, the verbs unique for ‘The Guardian’ – strike, affect, shine, reveal, create, take, turn, remain – mostly outline the starting point or describe problems people have to face during pandemic times. Still some verbs in ‘The Guardian’, for example exacerbate and stop, also contribute to the frightening portrayal of a supernatural power terrorising humans. Both newspapers sketch personal stories, describe problems in business, trading, travelling, but ‘The Guardian’ puts more emphasis on international affairs and governments’ decisions and responsibility.

Signs of difference

AbstractShylock and Othello are the characters in the Shakespearean oeuvre with the clearest racial markers. However one interprets the ethnic characteristics of ‘the Moor’—as a light‐skinned Arab or as a darker ‘African’—he seems to be a character marked by clear racial distinctions vis‐à‐vis the other figures. Shylock also has an iconographic history of racial marking. In this paper I shall examine how both figures can be read as tokens of ethnic or racial anxiety. Shakespeare’s African play is one of the works seldom performed in the contemporary German repertoire system. The Merchant of Venice is more frequently performed but poses different problems in terms of visual representation. It will be argued that German director’s theatre, with its love of experimentation and above all bold metaphoric images, is uncomfortable with the metonymic representation implied by ethnic casting. The discussion draws on Othello and The Merchant of Venice in productions by Fritz Kortner, Peter Zadek, George Tabori and Luk Perceval. Whereas Kortner, Zadek and Tabori stage the alterity figures in a mode of hypertrophic blackness or Jewish stereotyping bordering on (or indeed transgressing) overt racism, Perceval’s Othello is white and the alterity conflict seems to be one of age and gender not race.

ВИЗУАЛЬНАЯ МЕТАФОРА СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО СОЦИУМА НА РУССКИХ ИКОНАХ «О ТЕБЕ РАДУЕТСЯ» КОНЦА XV – НАЧАЛА XVI В.

The author examines the “In Thee rejoiceth” icons as visual sources that make it possible to reconstruct the ideal model of medieval society in the Moscow culture of the late 15th and early 16th centuries. This icon type, which includes the scenes of “Human race” collective praying to the Mother of God, is of Russian origin. Unlike other works of that time typologically close to it (“The Intercession”, “The Congregation of Our Lady”, “The Congregation of All Saints”, etc.), the “In Thee rejoiceth” icons demonstrate a historical connection to religious and socio-cultural facts of the Muscovy state. They clearly express the idea of Muscovy enjoying special patronage of the Mother of God, whose cult was actively developed in Moscow, the city that, as was believed at the Grand Dukes’ court, inherited the traditions and the spiritual authority of Constantinople. The depiction of the “Human race” in the “In Thee rejoiceth” icons can be viewed as a metaphorical image of the capital city community consisting of different groups of clergy and laity. This image corresponded to the ideas of the authorities and the population of the Russian state that existed under Ivan III and Vasili III.

Art history dynamics of theater scenography

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the dynamics of the development of theatrical scenography by the solution of plot compositions, art forms, metaphorical images, specific features of mizantsen, national color. The methodology is based on the study of art history literature, conference materials, monographs, thematic literature, which corresponds to the disclosure of this work. The method of cultural and historical analysis helps to explore the tendencies of the development of Ukrainian scenography of the XX-XXI centuries. The comparative method, based on the consideration of the Ukrainian scenography in the context of world scenography. The scientific novelty of work is determined by a holistic analysis of the investigated processes and artistic features. The patterns of development of theatrical and decorative art are analyzed. Generalized preliminary studies in the art of scenography. Conclusions. Analyzing materials of research, a special phenomenon in scenographic art is the use of fundamental laws of science, fine arts, architecture and architectural styles, painting, sculptures, art design, bulky three-dimensional projections, colorful properties, national color. The evolution of the modern theatrical performance reflects the rains and the fall of this type of art, which specifically expresses the contradictions of man and society that are constantly updated. The world and national scenography are built on the global basis of the artistic design of stage space. The development of scenography is undoubtedly a continuous dynamic process, where the main component of the theater and its purpose is to build an artistic space of organization of action and its design, in other words, scenography. Undoubtedly important are personal indicators of the historical development of scenography art, using the experience of predecessors, adapting various architectural styles, artistic, applying harmonization and aesthetics in the stage space of theatrical action.

Особенности эволюции жанра поэмы в творчестве Ахсана Баянова

The paper aims to discover the basic tendencies of the poem genre evolution in Akhsan Bayanov’s creative work. Bayanov’s poetical works are examined in the context of the contemporary literary process; the article considers the following issues: themes and motives, problematic, genre and stylistic peculiarities, poetics of Bayanov’s poems written in different periods of his creativity. The researcher for the first time examines Bayanov’s lyro-epical heritage, identifies the key tendencies of the poem genre development, which constitutes scientific originality of the study. The research findings are as follows: the author traces evolution of Bayanov’s creative work - from early pathetic poems representing the atmosphere of his epoch to deep philosophical poems full of metaphorical images. The poet’s creative evolution influenced genre peculiarities of his poems.

Teaching internship from the metaphorical lens of Filipino prospective teachers

<span>Understanding prospective teachers’ (PTs) conceptions and perspectives about teaching internship may serve as an anchor for understanding their new experiences. The study explores Filipino PTs’ concepts of teaching internship through a metaphorical lens. Seventy-five PTs from a state-owned university in the Philippines served as the subjects of this qualitative inquiry. Data came from written narratives and explanations provided by the participants to describe their ideas on what a teaching internship is all about. The metaphoric images were enumerated, counted, interpreted, and classified to show meaningful patterns and themes. Findings showed that conceptions converged into six categories teaching internship as: 1) An endless learning venture; 2) A rewarding obstacle to surpass; 3) A chance to be a surrogate parent; 4) An enhancement of pedagogical competence; 5) An immersion in the actual workplace; and 6) An ultimate path towards becoming a teacher. Metaphors used by the participants were a mix of positive and negative symbolisms. The study offered possible descriptions for these conceptions and their implications on teacher education institutions (TEIs). The supervision of the off-campus teaching internship program could be enhanced at the onset of Education 4.0.</span>

Öğretmen Adaylarının “Öğretmen Adayı” ve “Öğretmen Eğitimcisi” Kavramlarına Yönelik Metaforik İmgelemlerinin İncelenmesi

The purpose of this study was to describe the metaphorical images of the prospective teachers, who were employed in different teaching programs of education faculties, regarding themselves and their educators, and to evaluate the standard teacher education program in a critical manner. Even though prospective teachers’ metaphorical images pertaining learning, teaching, school and so forth were extensively examined in the previous studies, their personal theories for themselves and their educators have not been subjected to any research study. The current study was designed and conducted as a single survey study. The study was carried out with the participation of 1130 prospective teachers studying at the education faculty of a foundation-supported (private) university in Istanbul. Metaphorical images were taken from all participants towards themselves and their educators. As a result of the interpretive and inductive analysis, the prospective teachers generated metaphorical images for themselves such as: something that needs to be cultivated, leader of future, a fixed-static object, the candidate of the molder, something deceptive, something needs to be shaped, obedient, knowledge receiver, racer, etc. The prospective teachers also produced metaphorical images for their educators in the following manner: bridge function, organic growers, knowledge transmitter, a valuable object, competitors. In general, it was observed that pre-service teachers held a considerably pedagogically subjectcentred or teacher-centred or authority-centred “self ” and “educator” perception. Recommendations were offered regarding pre-service teacher education

A Study on the Metaphor Translation Strategies in Selected Modern Chinese Essays 1 by Zhang Peiji from the Perspective of Conceptual Blending Theory

According to the analytical framework of the three basic network models in Conceptual Blending Theory, this thesis dynamically presents the metaphor translation process and the choice of translation strategies in Selected Modern Chinese Essays 1 translated by Zhang Peiji. The study finds out that in Mirror Network Model, Zhang usually adopts literal translation while preserving the metaphorical image since the original metaphor shares the same organizational framework in both source culture and target culture; when it comes to One-scope Network Model, a majority of metaphorical images are omitted to achieve better readability while still some others are preserved to spread Chinese culture and introduce more cognitive models to target readers. And in both ways, paraphrases are added to deepen target readers’ understanding of the source text; with regard to Two-scope Network Model, Zhang mainly adopts the translation strategy of replacement with metaphors that accord with the target language, which enables him to build a bridge between the cultures of the source language and the target language.

Comparative Analysis of Coronavirus Metaphoric Representation in Chinese and Russian Online Media

This article aims at comparing the coronavirus metaphorical image in the online media of China and the Russia. Metaphor is viewed as a cognitive frame within the discourse. The study was conducted on 750 and 1000 headlines and leads of news reports about the coronavirus for the Chinese and Russian language. The results show that the virus image is based on similar metaphorical models, but the quantitative analysis of metaphors and metaphorical entailments indicate significant differences in the virus image that media creates. The coronavirus image in the PRC media mainly represents as an enemy which should be fought, and can be defeated, what helps to cool down public opinion. The Russian media discourse treats the coronavirus as a surprise enemy that is dangerous, and it is not clear “how it can be won”.

Foreword

The Covid-19 pandemic imposes a new way of life on us, and in this new reality, we try in every way to find positive aspects for language studies in particular and science in general. One of such aspects is the switch to online scientific meetings and conferences, which have therefore become more accessible also to language enthusiasts from more remote locations. Besides, the already ongoing digitalization of linguistics in different respects, from teaching and learning materials, linguistic data collection, and others, only seems to accelerate in the situation. And finally, as unfortunate as it is, it nevertheless offers numerous new insights into our social lives. The summer issue of Volume 11 is dedicated though not limited to such insights. In the first article “A Comparative Corpus-Based Content Analysis of Head of Government Addresses in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Japan and Western Countries” by Nagisa MORITOKI ŠKOF discussed the speakers’ perspectives and political orientation in public addresses made by heads of government in Japan, the USA, New Zealand, Germany, and Slovenia in response to the coronavirus disease. Following, SAWADA Hiroko and INOUE Rizu in their article “Network for Supporting Education of Foreign Children During Covid-19: Language Assessments as a Tool for Promoting Community Integration” introduce problems of the present Japanese education system, which does not adequately support children whose mother language is not Japanese. Their action research project in collaboration with several schools and one university proposed a support system through online media that would soften the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The third article in this issue was written by Oleg KALININ. “Comparative Analysis of Coronavirus Metaphoric Representation in Chinese and Russian Online Media” compared the coronavirus metaphorical image in the online media of China and Russia to find out that their basic difference is in discussing or not discussing the positive outcome of the coronavirus battle, which consequently impacts the public opinion. WANG Aiqing’s “Causation in Classical Chinese during the Warring States Period and in the Han Dynasty” explores causation in Classical Chinese and shows that the strategies to form causation structures are compatible with a prosodic theory, according to which agentive and causative constructions involving covert causative verbs are prosodic words, while those involving overt causative verbs exhibit properties of phrases. The article “’I Am Not Punjabi, My Parents Are’: Degradation of the Language of Dominant Majority” by Sham HAIDAR, Tehreem WALI, Tehreem TAHIR, and Mehwish PARVEEN discuss the present status and explore the predicament of the Punjabi language based on the findings that the Punjabi speakers themselves disown their language and the Punjabi identity due to social, economic, religious, and political reasons. Last but not least, Mária IŠTVÁNOVÁ in her article “On The Use of Corpora in Second Language Acquisition – Chinese as an Example” presents several language corpora and points out advantages of their use in the process of Chinese language acquisition together with some practical examples of the corpora's direct and indirect use for teaching and learning Chinese as a second language. Editors and Editorial board wish the regular and new readers of the ALA journal a pleasant read full of inspiration, and a rise of new research ideas inspired by these papers.

PRESCHOOL TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR ROLE IN RELATION TO THEIR STUDENTS

<p>This article examines the perceptions of preschool teachers in reference to their role regarding their students. According to literature, the social contexts present in the school unit (Ahonen, Pyhältö, Pietarinen, & Soini, 2014; Avgitidou, & Gourgiotou, 2016; Matsagouras, & Poulou, 2009), with which teachers interact, influence the formation of their perceptions of their role (Ahonen et al., 2014; Broeder, & Stokmans, 2012; Burke, 1997; Konstantinou, 2015; Samuel, & Stephens, 2000). The qualitative method was followed for the design of the research tool and its analysis. The study involved 47 preschool teachers serving in public kindergartens in Western Greece. Preschool teachers' perceptions of their role in relation to children were derived using an open-ended questionnaire, in which they were asked to report some metaphors or metaphorical images descriptive of their role. The NVivo-8 qualitative analysis software was utilized for data analysis. The results of the study revealed six main categories regarding the perceptions of preschool teachers about their role in relation to students.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0800/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Primary school pupils’ images of mathematics

Images of mathematics are one of the critical elements of students’ knowledge in mathematics learning. The knowledge is formed through students’ various activities and experiences throughout their lives, including mathematics education events. This study examines the images of mathematics held by three primary school pupils of one small town located on the outskirt of Pahang. Data were collected through unstructured interview sessions and written question forms. One Year 4 male pupil, one Year 5 male pupil, and a Year 6 female pupil were selected using the convenience sampling method. Several matters related to the images of mathematics learning and metaphors related to mathematics are discussed in this paper.

Emerging Trends in Metaphoric Images of Curriculum Reform Implementation in Schools: A Critical Literature Review

Curriculum reform is often difficult to conceive, disseminate, and implement, resulting in the use of metaphors to make sense of how changes initiated at national level are enacted in schools. This theoretical paper, which employs Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), constructs an account of emerging trends in metaphoric language to unlock the complexity of reform implementation. A deductive critical review of literature was adopted as the qualitative design to glean insights into how metaphors have been used to shape mental images of curriculum reform across time and space. Findings indicated converging and diverging trends in metaphoric semantics. While some studies have equated curriculum change to a battlefield and a ghost of control, others have likened reform implementation to driving through the fog or wearing a donated gown of the wrong size. School reform has also been portrayed as a journey, a jigsaw puzzle, and a gardening project demanding meticulous planning and concentration. The unique contribution of this research is the clustering of reform metaphors into a three-tiered spectrum of pessimism, ambiguity, and optimism, thereby extending insights into the dynamics of curriculum enactment. Strategic implementation is recommended so that curriculum reform may be couched in metaphors of hope instead of anger and confusion.

ترجمة تعابير اليد في القرآن الكريم

لقد كانت ترجمة القرآن الكريم ولازالت احدى المهام الاكثر جدلاً على الاطلاق. حيث كان مُعظم العُلماء المُسلمين ان لم يكن كُلهم يُعارضون اي ترجمة للقرآن الكريم وذلك لقدسيته. ألا ان ذلك قد تغيير الان بعد ان تغيير مفهوم ترجمة القرآن الكريم من عملية نقل لغوية الى عملية تفسير لما جاء فيه وبدء الناس يتقبلون الحاجة المُلحة لنقل مفاهيم القرآن الى غير العرب وغير المُسلمين. لكن هذا لا يُغير من حقيقة ان مهمة ترجمة القرآن الكريم او حتى تفسيره بلغة اخرى ستبقى هي الاصعب دوماً لكثير من الاسباب ومنها قُدسية القرآن كونه كلام الله والاثر الثقافي والاعجاز اللغوي بالإضافة الى اسلوب لغته الاستعارية النابضة بالحياة.
 إن مُعضلة ترجمة هكذا لُغة بلاغية غنية بصورها الاستعارية قد يُعد المُهمة الاصعب لكثير من المُترجمين. اما فيما يخص ترجمة تعابير اليد والتي هي تجسيد حي لله سُبحانه وتعالى فهذه مُعضلة اخرى بحد ذاتها. كيف تُترجم؟ متى تُترجم؟ هل يجوز هذا الامر؟ هل نُبقيها كما هي عند ترجمتها ام نُغيرها الى مفهوم اخر يكون سائغاً؟ كل هذه الاسئلة وأكثر يجب ان تبقى حاضرةً في اذهاننا اثناء الاضطلاع بمهمة ترجمة القرآن الكريم.
 سوف يحاول هذا البحث الاجابة عن هذه الاسئلة وذلك بدراسة تعابير اليد وصورها الاستعارية ومن ثم تحليل انواع الاستعارة المُستخدمة والاستراتيجيات المُتبعة في عملية الترجمة. ولتحقيق هذا الغرض سوف يتم تفحص ثلاث ترجمات للقرآن الكريم من فترات زمنية مُختلفة وتعود لمُترجمين لهم خلفيات فكرية ولغوية ودينية مُتنوعة. وبعد تحليل البيانات التي تم استقصائها سوف تُظهر لنا النتائج كيف تُرجمت الصور الاستعارية لتعابير اليد في كل نُسخة من ترجمات القرآن الكريم الثلاثة وماهي انواع الاستعارة اللغوية التي تم اعتمادها وماهي الاستراتيجيات التي تم تبنيها للقيام بهذا واخيراً تحديد النُسخة المُترجمة التي نجحت بترجمتها أكثر من غيرها وكيف تأتى لها ذلك.

INSTALLATION AS A PHENOMENON AND A MEANS OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article systematizes factual and analytical materials on the mechanisms of forming the sign-figurative structure of the advertising message of the installation as a phenomenon and means of visual communication in higher education institutions. It is established that the subject-spatial environment of the installation is a complex exposition action, which is a soft form of the social advertising message and where there is a game of cultural codes. On the verge of the interaction of old symbolic meanings, new meanings appear that radically change the traditional cultural and physical space to an emotional environment. Ensembles of installation compositions are characterized by primary and secondary symbols. It is confirmed that the installations are a good example in the world of higher educational institutions. The transgression of the artistic image and symbol in the ensemble group of installations "Venice" and "Ocean", NU "Lviv Polytechnic" by the mediocrity of the metaphorical image transfers the meaning of hard work in study and science to the most romantic in the artistic sense image of the city, the architectural, monumental and commercial genius of the humanity of Venice and the Ocean - the all-encompassing element of water, knowledge of travel and discovery. The ensemble group of the installation is social advertising of indirect teams, where artistic communication is a subject-spatial formation of signs, images and symbols, which in the form of a visual message reveals the form and content of educational and industrial culture. Since the search for analogues of installations in higher education institutions has shown that in the world practice this type of visual communication in the design of the environment is a rare phenomenon, it is established that the installation in the institution of higher education is a unique phenomenon. The results of the study are not only an important source base but also have practical significance, as they are valuable for innovative approaches in creating the design of installations in higher education institutions.

THE COMMON METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS AS TO DNA-GENE-CHROMOSOME CONCEPTS

This research was performed to determine the Common Metaphorical Perceptions of Prospective Teachers on DNA-Gene-Chromosome Concepts, despite classroom levels and university differences. For the baseline group studies, two State Universities, one from the east and the other from the north of Turkey, were selected to be studied in the Fall Semester of 2017-2018. They were respectively called University A” and “B”. The population sample contained a total of 326 students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th- classroom level of the “Science Education Department” of “Education Faculties.” The phenomenology design which is one of the qualitative research methods was applied. Answers to questions regarding “the metaphors of DNA-Gene-Chromosome concepts” and “under what theoretical categories the common features and metaphors were investigated” to be in line with the university differences. The research data were obtained by ‘metaphor identification’ for respective concepts and content examination studies in the framework of “Qualitative Analysis Methods.” Correspondingly, it has been determined that Prospective Teachers have common metaphors concerning DNA-Gene-Chromosome concepts, regardless of their class or university differences. Keywords: prospective teachers, metaphorical image for DNA-gene-chromosome, phenomenological research, content analysis

The Journey in Animated Cinema - between Escape and Return

The journey in the animation cinema can be in many aspects - from fully real tracking of movement in space, through vertical or horizontal movement in the past, present and future, with or without a specific direction, to physical or psychological escape and / or return after time.The text analyzes the specifics of travel, escape and return in key examples of modern animation cinema.In animation, screen movement takes place in a specific space and for a specific time. And the first signal association for avoidance, for travel is precisely movement, movement in time and space. Of course, in animation cinema the movement is absolutely free and unlimited and can vary from fidelity to nature to abstraction and absurdity, it can manifest itself in a new quality of cinema - in the metaphorical image, in the creation of its own system of signs and symbols.The journey in the animation cinema can be in many aspects - from fully real tracking of movement in space, through vertical or horizontal movement in the past, present and future, with or without a specific direction, to physical or psychological escape and / or return after time. The text analyzes the specifics of travel, escape and return in key examples of modern animation cinema. In animation, screen movement takes place in a specific space and for a specific time. And the first signal association for avoidance, for travel is precisely movement, movement in time and space. Of course, in animation cinema the movement is absolutely free and unlimited and can vary from fidelity to nature to abstraction and absurdity, it can manifest itself in a new quality of cinema - in the metaphorical image, in the creation of its own system of signs and symbols.

Lotus flower model: With metaphorical perceptions of the chemistry of daily life

This study aimed to determine teacher candidates’ perception about ‘chemistry’ through metaphors. In this study, 60 teacher candidates training at different programmes of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Education, participated. The metaphors of teacher candidates about chemistry were collected through a diagram prepared according to the Lotus Flower Technique. After the 3,754 metaphors were defined and 8 imaginary categories to represent these metaphors were developed, the number of metaphors and its percentage were calculated for each category. As a result, it appears that, the images of the teacher candidates regarding the metaphorical perceptions of the chemistry of daily life and general chemistry are significantly different from each other. Metaphors are able to change conceptual systems and the perspectives of individuals towards the world. Therefore, this study catered to the introduction of metaphorical images, which bring new perspectives to teacher candidates about the chemistry of daily life. Keywords: Lotus flower, model, metaphors, daily life, chemistry.

METAPHOR THE MOST COMMON STYLISTIC TECHNIQUE IN CH. BRONTE’S NOVEL “JANE EYRE” AND METHODS OF ITS TRANSLATION INTO THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The article is devoted to the study of the metaphor’s concept and the peculiarities of its functioning in the novel by Ch. Bronte “Jane Eyre”. On the example of the translation of this work, such phenomena as the preservation of metaphor, the replacement of metaphor and its omission are considered.It has been found that metaphor is an integral part when writing works of art. It is designed to influence the feelings and experiences of the reader, not leaving him indifferent to the text, as it is the most figurative, colorful and emotionally colored path.The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of the aspect of metaphor translation for translation studies, as well as a comprehensive approach to determining the degree of adequacy of the translation of metaphorical images of the original.