Metabolites Of Compounds Research Articles

Malignance-restriction activity exhibited by bioactive compounds of selected actinobacteria as silver nanoparticles against A549 lung cancer cell lines.

This article deals with the antibacterial and anticancer potential of secondary metabolites produced by actinomycetes also reported as actinobacteria, Microbacterium proteolyticum (MN560041), and Streptomycetes rochei, where preliminary studies were done with the well diffusion method. These actinobacteria's silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Anticancer was measured using the MTT test, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation measured with DCFDA, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) measurement, and DAPI fluorescence intensity activity was measured in treated and non-treated cancerous cells. The IC50 value for 5-FU (a), LA2(O) (b), LA2(R) (c), LA2(ON) (d), and LA2(RN) (e) was obtained at 3.91 μg/mL (52.73% cell viability), 56.12 μg/mL (52.35% cell viability), 44.90 μg/mL (52.3% cell viability), 3.45 μg/mL (50.25% cell viability), and 8.05 μg/mL (48.72% cell viability), respectively. TEM micrographs revealed discrete, well-separated AgNPs particles of size 7.88 ± 2 to 12.86 ± 0.24 nm. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was also performed to detect the compounds in bioactive metabolites where n-hexadecanoic acid was obtained as the most significant one. MTT test showed a substantial decline in A549 cell viability (up to 48.72%), 2.75-fold increase in ROS generation was noticed in comparison to untreated A549 lung cancer cells when measured with DCFDA. A total of 0.31-fold decrease in MMP and 1.74-fold increase in DAPI fluorescence intensity compared to untreated A549 lung cancer cells suggests that the synthesized nanoparticles promote apoptosis in cancerous cells. Our findings suggests that the secondary metabolites of M. proteolyticum and S. rochei in nanoparticle form can be used as a significant compound against lung cancers.

Metabolite profiling of potential bioactive fractions from ethanol extract of Boehmeria nivea flowers by GC–MS/MS analysis

BackgroundRamie (Boehmeria nivea) has been reported to have a wide variety of secondary metabolite compounds in its vegetative organ that have distinct organic activities. Regarding the chemical composition of flowers, there have been no study considering their pharmacological effects. PurposeThis research aims to determine profile metabolites contained in B. nivea flowers employing a metabolomics approach. Study DesignThis research was designed to obtain a metabolite database from five dissolved fractions of ramie flower using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) instrument. This study includes metabolite profiles from each fraction of the spectrum obtained, which are then investigated for potential bioactivity based on previously reported studies. Metabolite profiles were developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to obtain information on clustering of the compounds and determination of marker compounds from each fraction analyzed. MethodsThe active compounds of the flowers were separated utilizing the maceration method with ethanol solvent and multilevel fractionation using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetic acid derivation, butanol, and water employing a GC–MS/MS approach. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was optimized with a total represented data diversity range of 60 % - 65 %. This allowed for the identification of characteristic compounds and similarities in compound substances accross the fractions. ResultGC–MS/MS interpretation showed the dominant compounds contained in each fraction of n-hexane, dichloromethane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, and water are 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethanol, 2-phenoxy-, butyl ester, and hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. PCA clustering showed combined similarity of the compound for ethyl acetate fraction with butanol, and also butanol with n-hexane. Meanwhile, the dichloromethane and water fractions have very small content similarities. The score plot indicated marker compounds of each fraction are: ethanol, 2-butoxy; hexane, 2,2,3-trimethyl-; phthalic acid, in (2-propylpentyl) ester; n-hexadecanoic acid, and Hexanedioic acid, bis(2- ethylhexyl) ester. ConclusionsThe abundance of compounds in the fractions shows potential for application as a source of new drug candidates. In addition, there are still many compounds that are unknown in structures or biological activities which could lead to further research to provide potential clues towards the bioprospecting of the plant. AbbreviationsCH2Cl2, dichloromethane; Dm1, Dimension 1; Dm2, Dimension 2; EtOAc, ethyl acetate; GC–MS/MS, Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry; n-BuOH, n-butanol; PCA, Principal Component Analysis.

Nano-ZnO prepared by using chaya and mango leaves extract for photocatalyst of methylene blue

This research aimed to synthesize nano-ZnO from chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) and mango leaves extract (Mangifera indica) as environmentally friendly photocatalysts. Nano-ZnO was synthesized using green synthesis, with leaves extracts as reducing agents and nanoparticle size stabilizers. The samples were prepared using two methods, namely nano-ZnO-1 and nano-ZnO-2. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the contribution of metabolite compounds in nano-ZnO synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the crystal size in nano range, with spherical nanorod morphology observed. Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) determined the band gap energy of 2.97 eV and 3.17 eV. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity test showed that photocatalyst performance after 90 min was 68.86% (nano-ZnO-1) and 96.46% (nano-ZnO-2).

Waterlogging in soil restricts the growth of Gleditsia sinensis seedlings and inhibits the accumulation of lignans and phenolic acids in thorns.

Gleditsia sinensis, commonly known as Chinese Zaojiao, has important economic value and medicinal compounds in its fruits and thorns, making it widely cultivated artificially in China. However, the available literature on the impact of waterlogging on the growth of G. sinensis seedlings and the accumulation of metabolite compounds in its thorns is limited. To address this knowledge gap, G. sinensis seedlings were planted in soil supplemented with pindstrup substrate, which enhances the water-holding capacity of the soil. The analyses of morphological traits and nutrient elements in one-year-old G. sinensis seedlings grown naturally under ambient conditions and metabolite accumulation in its thorns were conducted. The results showed that the waterlogged soil significantly diminished the height, fresh weight, and dry weight of seedling roots and stems (P<0.05). Furthermore, waterlogging hindered the uptake of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), as well as the transport of potassium (K). The identified metabolites within the thorns were categorized into 16 distinct groups. Relative to the control soil, fatty acids and derivatives were the most down-regulated metabolites in the waterlogged soil, accounting for 40.58% of the total metabolites, followed by lignans (38.71%), phenolic acids (34.48%), saccharides and alcohols (34.15%), steroids (16.67%), alkaloids (12.24%), flavonoids (9.28%), and glycerophospholipids (7.41%). Conversely, nucleotides and derivatives experienced the greatest up-regulation in the waterlogged soil, accounting for 50.00% of the total metabolites. In conclusion, waterlogging negatively impacted the growth of G. sinensis seedlings and inhibited the accumulation of metabolites. Hence, when considering the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as lignans and phenolic acids, appropriate management of soil moisture levels should be taken into account.

Exploring actinobacteria isolated from coral originated from Tulamben Bali in inhibiting multidrug resistance bacteria

Increasing bacterial resistance has reduced the effectiveness of most clinical antibiotics. The limited option of antibiotics to treat Multi-Drug Resistance pathogen infections indicates that there is an urgency to explore new antibiotic candidates. Coral is recognized to produce bioactive compounds that have the potential to develop new medicinal materials with antibacterial properties. The use of marine invertebrates for compound production will reduce populations in nature, therefore associated microbes are preferred due to their environmental friendliness. Actinobacteria is one of the coral-associated microbes capable of producing active compounds of secondary metabolites as antibacterials. This study aimed to identify coral and obtain isolates of Actinobacteria associated with coral potential as an antibacterial against MDR bacteria. This research uses an explorative method. The method used is coral identification based on the morphology and shape of the sclerite. Screening of antibacterial activity was carried out using the agar plug method, microscopic observation using Gram staining and molecular identification of potential isolates by PCR. The results showed that the coral genera obtained were Siphonogorgia sp., Menella sp., Echinomuricea sp., Dendronephthya sp., and Epizoanthus sp. The results of antibacterial activity indicated that 19 isolates inhibited the growth of MDR pathogen bacteria. However, only the potential isolates were identified. The microscopic observations showed isolate III.ISP2.10-2.3 and III.ISP2.10-2.6 have Gram-positive coccus and bacillus-shaped, respectively. Potential isolates III.ISP2.10-2.3 (Micrococcus yunnanensis) were found to have antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, while isolate III.ISP2.10-2.6 (Brevibacterium pigmentatum) had the greatest activity against B. subtilis.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Kepundung Fruit Peel (Baccauera Racemose) and Their Application in Mercury Detection Using Digital Image Colorimetric Methods

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Kepundung Fruit Peel (Baccauera Racemose) and Their Application in Mercury Detection Using Digital Image Colorimetric Methods

Effectiveness of Biopesticides Nicotiana tabacum L and Ageratum conyzoides L As Controlling Spodoptera exigua in Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a commodity in Indonesia that has high economic value. One of the pests that often attacks and reduces shallot yields is the onion caterpillar pest S. exigua. Tobacco plants and babadotan weeds are types of plants that can be used as botanical pesticides as a method of controlling and preventing pest attacks on plants. Tobacco and babadotan plants contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins which are able to kill insect pests on shallot plants. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of tobacco extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) as control of the onion caterpillar pest Spodoptera exigua on shallots. The highest combined mortality rate was treated with T6 at 96JSP with an average of 75%,The lowest larval mortality percentage test was found in T2 with an average mortality result of 22.50%.The results of biosafety testing show that the combination of tobacco extract and babadotan extract cannot be used together. From the conclusions that have been obtained, the extracts of (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and (Ageratum conyzoides L.), both single extracts and combination extracts, are effective in controlling the pest S.exigua

Phytohormone and energy metabolism of rice germination and coleoptile growth during submergence by RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analysis

Rice is one of the main food crops to guarantee the world's food security. Although rice is a semi-aquatic crop, long-term flooding stress can also inhibit growth and reduce yield and quality. Especially during the germination period, the germination rate of rice was inhibited by flooding stress, which resulted in the low emergence rate. Therefore, in this study, rice lines or cultivars with flood tolerance (C11) and flood sensitivity (KY60) were screened, and analyzed the response mechanisms during seed germination at different time points of waterlogging stress through transcriptome and metabolome sequencing. Compared with C11, waterlogging stress significantly inhibited the germination and coleoptile growth of KY60. Certain pathways, including plant hormones, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism, were identified as significantly involved in the flooding stress response in rice. The plant hormone-related DEGs (IAA, SAUR, ARF, LOX) and metabolites (IAA, JA, GA, and SA) were identified to up-regulate gene expression levels and significantly up-accumulate phytohormone content in C11 to resist waterlogging stress. However, the ABA signaling pathway-related genes (ZHD, PLY) and ABA content were decreased in C11 under submerged conditions. It is beneficial for C11 to promote seed germination and coleoptile elongation under flooding conditions. A total of 150 DEGs (AMY, PGLR) and 58 related compounds were identified as involved in the energy metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism of rice after flooding stress. Candidate key genes and metabolite compounds were identified by combined RNA-Seq and LC-MS/MS correlation network analysis. This study provided insights to explore the flood-tolerance mechanism of rice and laid the foundation for the cultivation of new varieties of flood-tolerance rice.

Phytochemistry and antifatigue activities of Carica papaya leaf from geothermal, coastal and urban areas, Indonesia.

Fatigue, a condition of lack of energy and motivation resulting in the feeling of extreme tiredness or exhaustion, is usually prevented and treated with ergogenic aids, such as in the form of nutritional supplements. Papaya (Carica papaya) may be a potential candidate for ergogenic aids, considering its healthy secondary metabolite properties and number of metabolite compounds that could be affected by the location where the plant growing. The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemicals of papaya leaves from three different locations: geothermal, coastal, and urban areas in Aceh province, Indonesia. Concentrations of papaya leaf with the highest number of secondary metabolite compounds were tested in rats to measure blood lactate acid concentrations after strenuous exercise. The number of chemical compounds identified from the three locations was 24 compounds; 23 compounds and 17 compounds, respectively. The highest concentration of chemical compounds that have antifatigue activity contained in all papaya leaf samples were neophytadiene, linolenic acid, gamma tocopherol, hexadecanoic acid, vitamin E, carpaine, octadecatrienoic acid, nor lean-12-ene, squalene, and phytol. Furthermore, most of the compounds' highest concentrations were found in papaya leaves from the coastal area and, therefore, tested on the animal model. Treatment was provided in 12 male rats with different doses of papaya powder supplements for 15 days. The results showed that lactic acid levels of rats received a dose of 400 mg/kg of papaya leaf extract reduced the lactic acid concentration (p=0.014) compared with the control group. This study highlights that papaya leaves from the coastal area have the most potential activities as ergogenic herbal aid and were able to reduce lactic acid levels in rats after strenuous exercise.

Nanofertilizers and plant metabolites: Investigating their influence on trophic interactions in the cucumber-melon aphid-green lacewing

The role of fertilizers in increasing nutritional content and making host plants more attractive to herbivores has been repeatedly proved. This study investigated the effect of applying three levels of nano-chelated fertilizer (vegetables and summer crops specific fertilizer) (2, 3, and 4 kg/ha) on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid (ASA), flavonoid, and phenolic compounds in cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.). Additionally, the research surveyed the influence of fertilization and cucumber metabolite compounds on the life history of Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in a tri-trophic context. Host plant content analysis showed that biotic stress resulting from the aphid infestation in cucumber plants increased the POD, PPO, CAT activity, and MDA contents. However, it decreased PAL activity, flavonoid, and phenol contents in the control treatment and 2, 3, and 4 kg/ha of nano-chelated fertilizer levels. Moreover, plant fertilization increased the herbivore population growth rates and decreased the predator population growth rates by affecting the nutritional contents and quality of the host plant. Accordingly, the aphid's intrinsic rate of increase (r) was ranged from 0.319 to 0.365 day−1. While finite rate of increase (λ) was estimated as 1.376 to 1.441 day−1 on control to 2 kg/ha nano-chelated fertilizer treatment. In addition, the intrinsic rate of increase of C. carnea was 0.116 to 0.131 and the finite rate of increase was 1.123 to 1.139 day−1 on 2 kg/ha nano-chelated fertilizer and control treatments, respectively. The maximum and minimum net reproductive rate (R0) values of the aphid were recorded on 3 kg/ha nano-chelated fertilizer and control treatments as 46.34 and 37.18 offsprings, respectively, whilst these values ranged from 145.51 on 2 kg/ha to 196.93 offsprings on 4 kg/ha regimes for the green lacewing. Notably, the utilization of 2, 3, and 4 kg/ha of nano-chelated fertilizer promotes cucumber defensive metabolites compounds such as PAL, POD, CAT, flavonoid, and ASA and induces the plant's resistance to melon aphids directly. It can be concluded that the utilization of nano-chelated fertilizer potentially can enhance cucumber plant resistance to A. gossypii by improving the antioxidant metabolite compounds, and be an effective part of integrated pest management programs.

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Studies of Secondary Metabolites from Momordica Charantia as Natural Antidiabetic

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a non-contagious disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body cannot receive or use insulin properly. If you already have diabetes, then the patient must take medication continuously because diabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease. Because medicines are quite expensive, alternative ways to cure the disease are needed by consuming traditional medicines, one of which is bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Objectives: This research aims to predict the secondary metabolite compounds in the bitter melon plant, analyze molecular interactions, and identify compounds that can lower blood sugar levels. Material and Methods: 12 compounds from the Momordica charantia plant and six proteins (1IR3, 1RHF, 1XU7, 4PNZ, 4YVP, 2NT7) that will be docked using Pyrx and Yasara Dynamics applications. Results: From the molecular docking results, three compounds with the highest binding affinity were found in Momordica charantia: momordenol, oleanolic acid, and momordicin. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, these three compounds were stable in their interactions with the six proteins tested, namely 1IR3, 1RHF, 4PNZ, 4YVP, 1XU7, and 2NT7. Momordenol and momordicin showed the most stable interaction profiles. Furthermore, ADMET tests showed that momordenol, oleanolic acid, and momordisin have drug-like characteristics. Conclusions: The Momordica charantia plant has the potential to act as an antidiabetic agent.

Phytochemical Screening of Coconut Pistil Extract (Pistillum Cocos nucifera) as Traditional Medicine

The coconut plant is a plant that has many benefits for human life. Every part of the coconut plant has great benefits for life, such as the trunk, roots, fruit, even the fruit or pistil of the coconut also provides many health benefits. Villagers use coconut pistil as a traditional medicine in the treatment of diarrhea. Traditional medicine can be obtained from plants that contain secondary metabolite compounds. Secondary metabolite compounds are active compounds found in plants to defend themselves from harmful environmental attacks. The purpose of this study is to identify secondary metabolite compounds present in coconut pistils. Identification of secondary metabolite compounds is carried out qualitatively, namely conducting phytochemical tests (phytochemical screening) in the laboratory. Phytochemical Screening is a simple and effective method. The results of this study indicate that coconut pistil (pistillum Cocos Nucifera) positively contains secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and phenolics. So that coconut pistil can be used as one of the traditional medicinal ingredients

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compound From Anacardium Occidentale Leaf Extract

Indonesia is known for its high biodiversity, particularly in herbal medicine, with cashew trees being one of the most used plants. Cashew leaves contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamins B1 and B2. They are used as herbal medicine in various parts of Indonesia, including kidney disease treatment, mouthwash, and kanker disease drugs. The ethanol extract from cashew leaves contains secondary metabolite compounds such as phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins. The bioactivity of cashews includes antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation properties. The cardanol compound from cashew leaves has the highest antioxidant activity compared to cardol and anacardic acid, with IC50 values of 3,22±0.07 ?g/ml and 0,06±0.01 ?g/mL, respectively. This research aims to isolate phenolic compounds from cashew leaves, identify their structure, and measure antioxidant activity. The study analyzed the phytochemical screening of A. occidentale leaf extracts, revealing variations in their components. Hexane extracts were positive for tannin and terpenoid compounds, while dichloromethane extracts were positive for all compounds except saponin and cardiac glycoside. Ethyl acetate extracts were positive for terpenoids and flavonoids. Methanol extracts were positive in nearly all assays except for anthraquinone. The isolated compound from A. occidentale leaf yielded a yellow powder with a melting point of 247-248?C. The crude extract had an IC50 value of 59.19 ± 2.38 ?g/mL, while the phenolic separated element had a value of 191.815 ± 1.07 ?g/mL. Flavonoids are a group of antioxidants that act as chelators and scavengers of free radicals, targeting hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, and peroxynitrites. The Anacardiaceae family species contain numerous phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant properties, which can help manage elevated free radical generation conditions. Further research is needed to determine the specific phenolic chemicals responsible for the antioxidant activity of the species and evaluate their contribution to this activity. Anacardium occidentalale L. leaves, seeds, and stem bark extracts have been found to have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The traditional herbal medicine of Indonesia, Jamu, is a valuable source of antioxidants and prooxidants

Lipase Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Jombang Leaves Extract (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg)

Background: Obesity is a condition that occurs due to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Lipase enzymes play an important role in the process of fat metabolism, making it a target in obesity treatment strategies. Jombang plant has been used for generations as an alternative treatment for various diseases. The main content of secondary metabolite compounds in jombang plants are phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the activity and potential inhibition of jombang plant (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) against lipase enzyme in vitro. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical screening was determined by a color change reaction with certain reagents, while total phenolic content was carried out using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent spectrophotometrically. The inhibitory activity of 96% ethanol extract of jombang leaves as well as orlistat as positive control was measured by titration method and using olive oil substrate. The extract concentrations used were 125 ppm, 250 ppm, and 500 ppm. Results: Jombang leaf extract contains alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid compounds qualitatively. Determination of total phenolic content in 96% ethanol extract of jombang leaves was obtained at 12.69 ± 0.91 mgGAE/g. The highest percentage of inhibition was found at a concentration of 500 ppm which amounted to 103.85%. The difference in the percentage of inhibition in all groups showed no significant difference (Sig&gt;0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that jombang leaf extract is able to inhibit lipase enzyme activity with the highest percentage of inhibition was 103,85%.

Physical Characteristics And Phytochemical Screeningfrom Oil And Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus Conoideus L.)

Red Fruit Oil contains several active compounds that are beneficial for the human body such are tocopherol, betacarotene and some types of fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and decanoic. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in oil and red fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus). This research method uses qualitative data research methods, namely from the results of analysis of the content of secondary metabolites of oil and Red Fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus) consisting of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins, as well as thin-layer chromatography. The results of the study showed that phytochemical screening tests of red fruit oil and red fruit juice hand products gave the same results as red fruit oil (brand x) on the market, that the three samples contained several secondary metabolite compounds namely flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids

Profile and in silico analysis of metabolite compounds of the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata K-10 from Drymoglossum piloselloides as antioxidants and antibacterials

Endophytic fungi are known for producing secondary metabolites with valuable biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. This study aims to evaluate an endophytic fungus from Dragon Scales leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) and analyze its metabolites as antioxidants and antibacterials. In this study, an endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of Dragon Scales (D. piloselloides) and identified using molecular analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA locus. The fungus was authenticated as Alternaria alternata strain K-10. Crude extracts were obtained using n-hexane and ethyl acetate and analyzed via GC-MS Shimadzu-QP 2010 Ultra with NIST spectral library. Antibacterial activity was observed against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the paper disc method, showing inhibition zones of 8.7–9.3 mm and 8.8–9.4 mm for ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, respectively. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts exhibited strong antioxidant potential against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical (IC50 values of 50.99 μg mL−1 and 74.44 μg mL−1, respectively). GC–MS analysis revealed 40 compounds in both extracts, some of which, including 2-ethylhexyl ester benzoic acid, benzo-b-dihydropyran-6-hydroxy-4-4-5-7-8-pentamethyl, diethyl phthalate, and octadecanoic acid, were identified through in silico analysis and found to possess antioxidant properties. These findings hold implications for potential applications of the plant and its biological constituent to be developed as lead compounds in the medical sector.

Cutting edge technologies for the evaluation of Plant-based food and meat Quality: A Comprehensive review

Assessing the food quality is essential to confirm the safety, nutritional value, and sensory attractiveness of the food we ingest. Due to the globalization of food industry and concerns over food security have resulted to a greater demand from consumers for safe and nutritious food. As a result, there is a need for manufacturers to develop cutting edge technologies for recognizing and determining food quality. Presently, stakeholders in the food industry encounter the challenge of ensuring food quality and safety. Producers need to meet sustainable and environmentally robust food production standard, extended shelf life, sensory quality, nutritional value, and functional properties. The general analytical practices identify the primary metabolites for whole food quality which solely verifies the total composition of nutritional metrics. In present days consumers concentrate of functional quality of food items. So, it is essential to examine secondary metabolite compounds, enzymes and other functional quality, authenticity of food items, sources that are critical for health, development, safety, and other aspects of consumer well-being. This review paper seeks to examine the different aspects of evaluating food quality and the methods used to ensure that the food we consume meets the required criteria. Furthermore, it discusses cutting edge technologies for assessing especially secondary metabolites, enzyme functions, functional quality of food items, verifying food authenticity to optimize food manufacturing processes.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Dermapen Using Plasma from Platelets with Dermapen on Pockmarked Skin Surface of Female Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Various treatments can cure pockmarks. First, you have to know the cause of the pockmarks and the strength of the pockmarked skin, making it easier to choose the treatment, one of which is dermapen, which uses Plasma from platelets. Test and compare the effectiveness of the derma pen action using Plasma from platelets with the derma pen action on the pockmarked skin surface of female Wistar rats (Rattus Copernicus). This research is a laboratory experiment to compare the effectiveness of the dermapen action using Plasma from platelets with the dermapen action on the pockmarked skin surface of female Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) using a post-test with control group design or control samples based on treatment groups to analyze the dermapen action using Plasma from platelets with dermapenic action on the surface of rat skin pockmarks. The results showed that the dermapen treatment group with Plasma from platelets at a dose of 10% was more effective in healing cut wounds in white mice than the dermapen treatment group using Plasma from platelets at doses of 2.5% and 5%, respectively. This is because, at a concentration of 10%, blood plasma metabolite compounds from platelets that are applied to wounds already affect the wound. The effect only inhibits microorganisms at small doses, making it less effective in healing wounds. It is recommended that the minimum dose be 10% so that the metabolite compounds in the Plasma from platelets have a healing effect on wounds.

Test of the Effectiveness of Giving Salmon DNA Serum with Virgin Coconut Oil Extract on the Growth of Skin Tissue from Cut Scars on the Skin of Female Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Various treatments can cure pockmarks. First, you have to know the cause of the pockmarks and the strength of the pockmarked skin, making it easier to choose the treatment, one of which is dermapen, which uses plasma from platelets. Test and compare the effectiveness of the derma pen action using platelet plasma with the derma pen action on the pockmarked skin surface of female Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). This research is a laboratory experiment to compare the effectiveness of the dermapen action using plasma from platelets with the dermapen action on the pockmarked skin surface of female Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) using a post-test with control group design or control samples based on treatment groups to analyze the dermapen action using plasma from platelets with dermapenic action on the surface of rat skin pockmarks. The results showed that the dermapen treatment group with plasma from platelets at a dose of 10% was more effective in healing cut wounds in white mice than the dermapen treatment group using plasma from platelets at doses of 2.5% and 5%. This is because, at a concentration of 10%, blood plasma metabolite compounds from platelets that are applied to wounds already affect the wound. The effect only inhibits microorganisms at small doses, making it less effective in healing wounds. It is recommended that the minimum dose be 10% so that the metabolite compounds in the plasma from platelets have a healing effect on wounds.

Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Adhatoda vasica and Assessing its Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxic Impact on the A549 Cancer Cells

The current study investigated the anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties of endophytic fungi obtained from medicinal plant Adhatoda vasica. We isolated and identified the endophytic fungi Humicola fuscoatra. by examining their morphological characteristics and microscopic structures. We then extracted their secondary metabolites using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts of the fungus H. fuscoatra have shown promising effectiveness against human pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. A strain of H. fuscoatra exhibited significant antibacterial activity. In addition, we have assessed the effects of ethyl acetate extracts from the fungus H. fuscoatra on the growth of the human lung cancer cell line A549 in vitro assays. Using ethyl acetate extracts from the fungus H. fuscoatra effectively suppressed the growth, survival, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. In this paper we studied in detail the identification of isolated endophytic fungi H. fuscoatra from Adhatoda vasica and characterized its active metabolite compounds. The ethyl acetate-extracted secondary metabolites from the fungal culture supernatant were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, which detected the presence of Hexadecanoic Acid, Hexadecane, Heptadecane, Octadecane, Octadecanoic acid, phytochemicals. The results suggest that the endophytic fungus H. fuscoatra found in medicinal plants has the potential to produce bioactive compounds. They could also be used as a biocontrol agent against bacterial pathogens and for therapeutic purposes in the A549 lung cancer cell line.