Metabolic Syndrome In Young Adults Research Articles

Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Its Correlation with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Its Correlation with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Impact of Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome has become a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary patterns on metabolic syndrome in young adults and how physical activity modulates this effect. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a health management center in Tianjin, China, from September 2022 to March 2023. Participants aged 18-35 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between these patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusting for potential confounders. Among 442 participants, four dietary patterns were identified: Legume-Nut, Alcohol-Meat, Sugar-Processed, and Egg-Vegetable. The Legume-Nut dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.08-6.37), while the Egg-Vegetable dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10-0.70). No significant associations were found for the Sugar-Processed and Alcohol-Meat patterns. Subgroup analysis revealed that the Legume-Nut pattern increased the risk of metabolic syndrome among those with irregular physical activity, whereas the Egg-Vegetable pattern decreased the risk. These findings highlight the significant influence of dietary patterns on the risk of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the modifying effect of regular physical activity, underscoring the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome in this population.

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK IN YOUNG ADULTS: A REVIEW

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, particularly among young adults. Physical activity has been identified as a key lifestyle factor that can help mitigate the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk in young adults. The review discusses the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the various mechanisms by which physical activity can influence metabolic syndrome risk, including improvements in body composition, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and blood pressure regulation. Several studies have demonstrated that higher levels of physical activity, especially moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise, are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome in young adult populations. However, the relationship between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk may be moderated by factors such as sex and socioeconomic status. The review also highlights the need for further research to better understand the long-term impact of physical activity, the optimal types and intensities of exercise, and the development of tailored interventions to promote sustained physical activity and improve metabolic health in young adults. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of encouraging and supporting young adults to engage in regular physical activity as a strategy for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. Promoting physically active lifestyles among this population should be a public health priority to address the growing burden of metabolic syndrome and its associated health consequences.

Association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome among young adults in South Korea

Skipping breakfast is highly prevalent but it is not clear whether breakfast frequency is associated with metabolic syndrome in young adults. We aimed to assess the association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome in Korean young adults. This cross-sectional study was based on health check-up data of university students aged 18–39 years between 2016 and 2018. Participants were stratified into three groups by breakfast frequency (non-skipper, skipper 1–3 days/week, skipper 4–7 days/week). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome. Out of 12,302 participants, 56.8% skipped breakfast at least 4 days/week. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher in those skipping breakfast for 4 or more days/week compared to non-skipper. (3.1% vs 1.7%) In the age- and sex-adjusted model, individuals skipping breakfast for 4–7 days per week had a higher OR of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.21–2.49) compared to non-skipper. Although this association became insignificant (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.99–2.23) after a fully adjusted multivariable model, trends of positive association between frequency of breakfast skipping and metabolic syndrome was significant (P for trend = 0.038). Frequent breakfast skipping was associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Further longitudinal studies in the long term are needed to understand the association of meal patterns with metabolic syndrome.

Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome in a national population-based cohort of young adults and sex-specific risk for type 2 diabetes

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes and its prevalence is increasing worldwide in young adults. We aimed to determine whether cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes risk in young adults.MethodsData of 1,376,540 participants aged 20–39 years without a history of type 2 diabetes and who underwent four annual health check-ups were collected. In this large-scale prospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes according to cumulative frequencies of metabolic syndrome over 4 years of consecutive annual health check-ups (burden score 0–4). Subgroup analyses were performed by sex and age.ResultsDuring 5.18 years of follow-up, 18,155 young adults developed type 2 diabetes. The incidence of type 2 diabetes increased with burden score (P < 0.0001). The multivariable-adjusted HRs for type 2 diabetes were 4.757, 10.511, 18.288, and 31.749 in participants with a burden score of 1 to 4, respectively, compared to those with 0. In subgroup analyses, the risk of incident diabetes was greater in women than men and in the 20–29 years age group than the 30–39 years age group. The HRs were 47.473 in women and 27.852 in men with four burden scores.ConclusionThe risk of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with an increase in the cumulative burden of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Additionally, the association between cumulative burden and diabetes risk was stronger in women and the 20s age group.

Impact of Christian Orthodox Church Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adults Aged 18-49 Years.

Studies regarding health effects of religious fasting have been increased during the last decade. Our aim was to investigate the effects of Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting on metabolic syndrome in young adults. Participants were 224 men and women, of whom 111 had been following the COC fasting regime and 113 were non-fasters, all aged 18 to 49 years (mean age 29.23 ± 8.78 years). Anthropometric measurements, including the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, were performed on individuals, and they also completed food intake questionnaires, and provided blood samples for biochemical analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III and all variables were checked. Fasters did not statistically differ in anthropometric measurements when comparing to non-fasters. Differences were found in terms of biochemical variables, and more specific in HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total blood cholesterol, and in systemic and diastolic blood pressure, although non statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were only noticed in heart pulses and insulin levels, with fasters having lower heart pulses (69.44 ± 9.84 versus 72.63 ± 10.74) and greater mean values of insulin levels (4.16 ± 4.66 versus 3.12 ± 2.35). When analysis was carried to identify which variables were met for metabolic syndrome, it was found that fasters had statistically significant lower values of blood pressure when compared to non-fasters. In more details mean systolic blood pressure was 121.67 ± 12.21 versus 123.41 ± 11.73 for fasters and non-fasters respectively, and mean diastolic blood pressure was 75.77 ± 8.82 versus 78.27 ± 10.07 for fasters and non-fasters. Furthermore, the mean energy intake was higher in non-fasters (1698.25 ± 515.99 kcals) when compared to fasters (1590.24 ± 404.19 kcals) but not statistically significant different. Young adults aged 18 to 49 years who fast according to the COC fasting regimes do not have different metabolic syndrome prevalence when comparing to non-fasters, but there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure with fasters having lower values.

Exploring the Metabolic Syndrome Trend in Young Adults in COVID-19 ERA

COVID-19 pandemic imposed sudden changes in lifestyle with consequent altered metabolic status. Metabolic Syndrome is described as an altered metabolic profile of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity which raises type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular disease danger at an early age. Objective: To analyze COVID-19 era status of obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in young adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 245 university students of either gender with ages 19–25 years were included. The lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and serum insulin was performed by kit method. The insulin resistance was determined by calculating the ratio of fasting glucose to insulin. SPSS version number 24.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Metabolic syndrome's prevalence in overweight and obese subjects was found to be 36%. The most prevalent risk factor of Metabolic syndrome was raised blood pressure (60%) followed by insulin resistance (57%) and dyslipidemia (40%). The positive coefficient correlations were found for all Metabolic syndrome risk factors in general except HDL. The multivariate regression analysis evidenced that the BMI and WHR were the significant predictors of Metabolic syndrome risk factors. Conclusion: The COVID-19 restrictions consequences call for an urgency to effectively address e metabolic and related problems, especially among young individuals.

Distribution of fat stores in young adults with different metabolic phenotypes

Adipose tissue is considered as an endocrine organ that affects the metabolic health of a person. Unified quantitative indicators of fat depots according to computed tomography have not been determined. Determination the critical level of intraabdominal, subcutaneous, epicardial, perivascular fat depots associated with metabolic syndrome in young adults is of scientific and practical interest.The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution and relationship of fat depots with metabolic profile in young adults with different metabolic phenotypes, and to determine the critical level associated with metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and methods: the study included 132 people (average age 37,59 ± 6,35 years). 3 groups were formed: 0 group – 16 healthy volunteers (median age 32 [27; 35); 1 group – 46 people with MSAO (40 years [34; 43); 2 group – 70 people with MS 40 years [35; 44. All the subjects were assessed for height, weight, waist circumference (WC), BMI. The following were evaluated: lipid profile, glucose, 2-hour glucose tolerance test, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, HOMA-IR. Performed by BPM. The volumes of subcutaneous, intraabdominal, perivascular, epicardial fats, the ratio of subcutaneous to intraabdominal fat were determined using computed tomography.Results: The maximum values of intraabdominal, epicardial and periportal fat were in individuals with MS – with an unhealthy metabolic phenotype. There was a significant association of the periaortic fat depot with the maximum number of MS indicators: lipid profile (p &lt; 0,01), glucose (p &lt; 0,01), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p &lt; 0,01), WC (p &lt; 0,01). Intraabdominal and epicardial fat depots were significantly associated with the level of TG, HDL, glucose, with the level of pressure and WC (p &lt; 0,01). Subcutaneous fat had few reliable correlations, and was associated only with TG and WC (p &lt; 0,01). The critical level of periaortic fat associated with metabolic syndrome was &lt; 12,2 cm3 (AuROC 0,72, p &lt; 0,01), epicardial &lt; 88,5 cm3 (AuROC 0,69, p &lt; 0,01), intraabdominal &lt; 129,9 cm2 (AuROC 0,78, p &lt; 0,01), subcutaneous &lt; 330,0 cm2 (AuROC 0,61, p &lt; 0,01), the ratio of subcutaneous to intraabdominal &lt; 1,6 (AuROC 0,70, p &lt; 0,01).Conclusion: Critical values of periportal, epicardial, intraabdominal, subcutaneous and the ratio of subcutaneous to intraabdominal associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome were identified in young adults. The level of periportal fat &lt; 12,2 ml can be considered as a predictor of MS in young adults, but further studies are required.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are at riskof developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) at a younger age. We sought to obtain the prevalence of MetS in ACHD from a large population-based database inthe United States. We conducted a retrospectivecohort study of patients with ACHD inExplorys (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York) database from 2008 to 2019.The ACHD cohort included patients aged 20 to 39years, with moderate and severe congenital heart disease, as defined by ACHD anatomic and physiologic classification. Patients were diagnosed with MetS using the modified International Diabetes Federation's diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the risk of MetS in the ACHD cohort. MetS was diagnosed in 1,860 of 6,720 patients with ACHD (27.6%). Among 7,359,470 controls, MetS was seen in 742,010 (10.1%). The average age of MetS in ACHD was 31.5 and 32.7years in controls (p &lt;0.001). The risk of MetS was higher in ACHD versus controls (odds ratio [OR] 2.75 [2.61 to 2.89], p &lt;0.001). The risk of MetS in ACHD was higher in men (OR 3.01 [2.78 to 3.26], p &lt;0.001) and those aged &lt;25years(men OR 7.57 [6.31 to 9.07], women OR 4.66 [3.85 to 5.63]; p &lt;0.001). The risk of MetS was higher in patients with severe versus moderate ACHD (OR 1.4 [1.56 to 1.74], p &lt;0.001). In conclusion, MetS and its risk factors are more common in young ACHD than inthe general population.

Association between sarcopenic obesity with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

BackgroundThere is a debate as to whether sarcopenic obesity leads to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in young adults. ObjectiveTo determine the association between sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR). MethodsA 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects of the specialty consultation between 18 and 55 years old, with BMI≥35 with comorbidity or BMI≥40 with and without comorbidity were included. The association was calculated using an odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results254 subjects were analyzed, 76.4% were women and average age was 38.36±8.78 years. The OR of IR in subjects with or without sarcopenic obesity was 2224 (95% CI, 1127 to 4389, p=0.02). The OR of MS in subjects with or without sarcopenia was 1.045 (95% CI, 0.624–1.748, p=0.868). A difference was found between the fat mass in the group with IR vs without IR of 60.58±14.4kg vs 53.98±12.2kg (p<0.001); likewise, between the BMI and muscle mass of 46.15±6.78 kg/m2 vs 43.51±6.11kg/m2 (p<0.05) and 30.05±7.48kg vs 27.86±5.91kg (<0.05) respectively. ConclusionThe association between sarcopenic obesity with IR in young adults was significant, but not with MS. Our findings emphasize the need to become aware of the importance of maintaining lean mass in obese subjects.

Association of Lipid Accumulation Product and Triglyceride-Glucose Index with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of elements linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The early detection of individuals at the risk of developing metabolic syndrome can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association of the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with metabolic syndrome among young adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 300 young adults within the age range of 20 - 40 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The LAP and TyG index were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the association of the LAP and TyG index with metabolic syndrome.ResultsThe LAP and TyG index were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). The LAP showed the highest area under the curve (0.882 and 0.905 in male and female subjects, respectively), followed by the TyG index (0.875 and 0.886 in male and female subjects, respectively, at P < 0.0001. The cut-off values for the LAP were 45.65 in males with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 46.91 in females with a sensitivity and specificity of 88%. The cut-off points for the TyG index were 8.63 in males with 80% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity and 8.54 in females with 83.3% sensitivity and 79.6% specificity.ConclusionsThe LAP and TyG index are significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in young adults. As simple and inexpensive markers, they can be used to identify individuals with metabolic syndrome with high sensitivity and specificity.

Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome among Young Adults

Background and Aim: Nutrient absorption, dietary pattern, and food ingestion might be affected by a common gastrointestinal disorder known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with nutrition-related parameters, inferring irritable bowel syndrome which increases the potential risk for metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study aimed to assess the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome among young adults. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 428 adults between 16 and 60 years at the Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Isra University Hospital, Halaroad Hyderabad from January 2019 to December 2021. Anthropometry and biochemistry were used in screening out the individual health check-up. The presence and absence of metabolic syndrome were identified based on the results. Individuals with a history of metabolic syndrome or already on medication for dyslipidemia or diabetic Mellitus or hypertension were excluded. Results: Of the total patients, the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome was 18 (4.2%) and 132 (30.8%) respectively. The proportion of irritable bowel syndrome was insignificant in patients with or without metabolic syndrome (1.9% versus 4.1% respectively; p=0.5). Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome had a significantly higher mean weight 74.5 kg versus 66.8 kg; p=0.007). The mean value of body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting glucose was 27.6 versus 23.8 kg; p=0.001, 87.6 versus 84.3 cm, and 97 versus 88 mg/dl; p&lt;0.000) respectively. Conclusion: In our study, we discovered an insignificant association between irritable bowel syndrome and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Furthermore, the study findings suggested that irritable bowel syndrome treatment could be used to prevent metabolic syndrome as a potentially beneficial factor. Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, Metabolic syndrome, Prevalence, Young adults.

“Obesity and Insulin Resistance” Is the Component of the Metabolic Syndrome Most Strongly Associated with Oxidative Stress

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is not a homogeneous entity, but this term refers to the coexistence of factors that increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There are different versions of the criteria for the diagnosis of MS, which makes the population of patients diagnosed with MS heterogeneous. Research to date shows that MS is associated with oxidative stress (OS), but it is unclear which MS component is most strongly associated with OS. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the parameters of OS and the presence of individual elements of MS in young adults, as well as to identify the components of MS by means of principal components analysis (PCA) and to investigate how the parameters of OS correlate with the presence of individual components. The study included 724 young adults with or without a family history of coronary heart disease (population of the MAGNETIC study). Blood samples were taken from the participants of the study to determine peripheral blood counts, biochemical parameters, and selected parameters of OS. In addition, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured. In subjects with MS, significantly lower activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing SOD (CuZnSOD), and manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD) were found, along with significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and significantly lower concentration of thiol groups per gram of protein (PSH). We identified three components of MS by means of PCA: “Obesity and insulin resistance”, “Dyslipidemia”, and “Blood pressure”, and showed the component “Obesity and insulin resistance” to have the strongest relationship with OS. In conclusion, we documented significant differences in some parameters of OS between young adults with and without MS. We showed that “Obesity and insulin resistance” is the most important component of MS in terms of relationship with OS.

Parameters of Glucose Homeostasis in the Recognition of the Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

To verify the accuracy of different indices of glucose homeostasis in recognizing the metabolic syndrome in a group of adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), 102 PWS patients (53 females/49 males), age ±SD 26.9 ± 7.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI) 35.7 ± 10.7, were studied. The following indices were assessed in each subject during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 1 h (>155 mg/dL) and 2 h (140–199 mg/dL) glucose levels, the oral disposition index (ODI), the insulinogenic index (IGI), the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated at baseline, 1 h and 2 h. Although minor differences among indices were found, according to the ROC analysis, no index performed better in recognizing MetS. Furthermore, the diagnostic threshold levels changed over the years and therefore the age-related thresholds were calculated. The easily calculated HOMA-IR at baseline may be used to accurately diagnose MetS, thus avoiding more complicated procedures.

Parameters of glucose homeostasis in the recognition of the metabolic syndrome in young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome

Parameters of glucose homeostasis in the recognition of the metabolic syndrome in young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome

Performance of Two Novel Obesity Indicators for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathophysiological change based on the abnormal metabolism of many substances. The study aims to investigate the performance of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) of MetS in young adults.Methods448 young adults aged between 19 and 24 years old in Qinhuangdao had been included in this cross-sectional study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the accuracy of these two obesity indicators for MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 2.0%. In male subjects, LAP had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.963), followed by VAI (AUC = 0.937). In female subjects, LAP also had the highest AUC value (AUC = 0.931), followed by VAI (AUC = 0.861). No significant difference was found between the two obesity indicators (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe two obesity indicators were valuable for the screening of MetS in young adults, and LAP was the simpler of the two.

Prevention and Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Household Community, Surabaya

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a collection of factors believed to increase the risk of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in young adults is increasing, especially in Asian countries. Therefore we need efforts to increase knowledge in society about this disease. Aim. We conducted a socialization program on prevention and early detection of metabolic syndrome in household community to increase public knowledge about this disease.Method. This program was conducted in August 2017 in Wonokromo District, Surabaya. The participants in the activity consisted of 32 people from household community. The activity consisted of blood sampling collection, body weight, and abdominal circumference measurement for risk factor assessment, pre-test, socialization of metabolic syndrome, and post-test.Results. From the results of the pre and post test, we found an increase knowledge of 76.9% participants. The laboratory test results for early detection of metabolic syndrome showed 37.5% of participants had metabolic syndrome. We also found a significant positive correlation between body weight and abdominal circumference (p = 0.000, r = 0.867). There was also a significant negative correlation between body weight and HDL (p = 0.004, r = -0.494), between abdominal circumference and HDL (p &lt;0.05, r = -0.376), and between TG and HDL (p &lt;0.05, r = -4.22).Conclusion. Socialization and early detection of metabolic syndrome can increase knowledge, awareness, and detection of metabolic syndrome in the household community.

Intra-abdominal fat accumulation is an important predictor of metabolic syndrome in young adults.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), mainly caused by intra-abdominal fat (IAF) accumulation, is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of MetS increases rapidly after the age of 40 years, and it is presumed that there is a substantial proportion of MetS in younger age groups. However, the association of IAF with MetS in adults aged 20 to 30 years has not been fully investigated.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and to verify whether IAF accumulation is associated with other MetS-related metabolic disorders including dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose among the Japanese population in their 20s.In this cross-sectional study, IAF area (IAFA) and MetS-related metabolic parameters were evaluated in university students in their 20s (n = 1822, 21.5 ± 1.5 years). IAFA was measured using a non-invasive device, DUALSCAN, which can be readily measured through the dual impedance method. The participants were divided into four groups according to IAFA: 0–49.9, 50–74.9, 75–99.9, and ≥100 cm2.MetS was prevalent in 3.3% and 0.0% of the males and females, respectively, according to the Japanese criteria of MetS. The sex- and lifestyle-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the three metabolic component levels of Mets were elevated in the larger IAFA groups compared to the smallest IAFA group, according to the level of IAFA. The levels particularly increased in participants with abdominal obesity, defined by both, IAFA and waist circumference rather than by waist circumference alone.IAF accumulation was significantly associated with MetS-related metabolic disorders in young adults. An evaluation of IAFA may contribute to the early prediction of the risk of developing MetS in the future.

Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness through adolescence predict metabolic syndrome in young adults

Background and aimsHigher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been suggested to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to longitudinally examine the changes of CRF on MetS and its risk factors from adolescence to adulthood. Methods and resultsAt the age of 15 years, 1076 subjects were recruited from 2 cohorts. CRF was measured on a cycle ergometer. MetS was classified as having at least 3 of the following parameters above the threshold of risk factors: waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), high blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose. In addition, insulin, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Persistently high, increasing, decreasing and persistently low CRF groups were formed according to change in CRF from adolescence to adulthood. Longitudinal increase in CRF was positively associated with change in HDL and negatively associated with change in insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, BP and prevalence of MetS after adjustment for potential confounders. Subjects with persistently low CRF had 11.5- to 34.4-times higher risk of MetS at the age of 25 and 33 years compared to subjects with persistently high CRF and 14.6- to 15.9-times higher risk compared to the increasing CRF group. ConclusionHigher CRF is strongly related to lower values of MetS risk factors. Increasing CRF from adolescence to adulthood reduces the risk to have MetS later in adulthood. High CRF in adolescence that decreases during adulthood has similar risks to MetS compared to individuals with persistently low CRF.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE TO ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN YOUNG HEALTHY ADULTS

Objective: Increased arterial stiffness (AS), measured as increased pulse wave velocity (PWV), central blood pressure (BPao) has been considered as important aspect of vascular aging and independent risk factor for both cardiovascular events and overall mortality. The prevalence of obesity and other cardiometabolic disturbances among young adults has increased over the past decade. Few studies have investigated the relationship of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to AS and parameters of metabolic syndrome in young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ALT and other metabolic risk factors, AS in young apparently healthy adults. Design and method: We investigated 179 healthy young nondrinkers, mean age 18,7 ± 1,9 years, 31% male. ALT, high density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides (TG), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose (FG), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) were measured using routine methods. PWV, BPao were measured with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device BPLab Vasotens (BPLab, Russia). Results: ALT was significantly related to PWV (r = 0.19; P < 0.05), systolic BPao (r = 0.33; P < 0.0001), systolic BP (r = 0.38; P < 0.0001), BMI (r = 0.42; P < 0.0001), WC (r = 0.49; P < 0.0001), FG (r = 0.19; P = 0,022), HOMA-IR (r = 0.48; P < 0.0001), HDL(r = - 0.39; P < 0.0001), TG (r = 0.42; P < 0.0001). ALT was an independent predictor of systolic BPao, but not PWV in a multiple stepwise regression model. Conclusions: In young healthy adults ALT even within normal range is positively associated with arterial stiffness.