Message Format Research Articles

Dataset collection from a SubT environment

This article presents a dataset collected from the subterranean (SubT) environment with a current state-of-the-art sensors required for autonomous navigation. The dataset includes sensor measurements collected with RGB, RGB-D, event-based and thermal cameras, 2D and 3D lidars, inertial measurement unit (IMU), and ultra wideband (UWB) positioning systems which are mounted on the mobile robot. The overall sensor setup will be referred further in the article as a data collection platform. The dataset contains synchronized raw data measurements from all the sensors in the robot operating system (ROS) message format and video feeds collected with action and 360 cameras. A detailed description of the sensors embedded into the data collection platform and a data collection process are introduced. The collected dataset is aimed for evaluating navigation, localization and mapping algorithms in SubT environments. This article is accompanied with the public release of all collected datasets from the SubT environment. Link: Dataset

Design and Implementation of Groundwater Monitor Based on GPRS Transmitted

In practical applications, the geological environmental monitoring instruments should have more stringent instrument properties, their resistance to high and low temperature, sealing, corrosion resistance and low power consumption, They are all have higher requirements. While the areas whitout public network coverage are mostly alpine high - altitude areas, the instruments are exposed to relatively harsh geological conditions for a long time. The timely and stable data communication transmission technology is the key technology to ensure stable operation of groundwater dynamic monitoring systems. At present, GSM short message format is mostly used in the groundwater dynamic remote monitoring technology, but this approach is extremely limited in field applications. For obtaining groundwater monitoring parameters not affected by the limitation of public wireless network coverage area, the GPRS satellite positioning and short message technology is adopted, and a kind of data transmission communication apparatus using GPRS satellite is researched. After a large number of indoor debugging and field stability tests, it is proved that the control terminal of groundwater dynamic monitoring and communication developed based on GPRS satellite communication features stable data transmission, low power consumption, good resistance of wind, sand and moisture. It solves the transmission obstacle of groundwater monitoring data in the area without mobile phone signal, and realizes multi - mode groundwater monitoring communication.

The Impact of Message Content and Format on Initial Parental Engagement in a Parenting Intervention: An Experimental Study

BackgroundEngagement strategies are commonly used to enhance parents’ involvement in parenting interventions. However, few strategies have been evaluated to determine their effectiveness at increasing initial engagement. This study tested the effectiveness of message content (benefits vs. costs) and format (video vs. written) of engagement strategies on the initial engagement (i.e., recruitment, enrolment, and first attendance) of parents to parenting interventions.MethodsParticipants were 692 parents of children aged 2 to 12 years old. Parents were randomly allocated to one of four experimental conditions, which tested the combination of message (benefits vs. costs) and format (video vs. written). Recruitment, enrolment, and first attendance were measured as part of parent’s initial engagement to a self-directed parenting intervention.ResultsNeither message content nor format had an effect on recruitment, enrolment, or first attendance. However, parents who saw the costs content were significantly more likely to review the intervention workbook compared to parents who saw the message about the benefits of the intervention.ConclusionsBrief testimonials have the potential to early engage parents when the message is positive, independently of its format. Future research should further explore the effects of different messages as well as other engagement strategies used to engage parents.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001282279, prospectively registered 30/07/2018.

A Scalable Service to Improve Health Care Quality Through Precision Audit and Feedback: Proposal for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundHealth care delivery organizations lack evidence-based strategies for using quality measurement data to improve performance. Audit and feedback (A&F), the delivery of clinical performance summaries to providers, demonstrates the potential for large effects on clinical practice but is currently implemented as a blunt one size fits most intervention. Each provider in a care setting typically receives a performance summary of identical metrics in a common format despite the growing recognition that precisionizing interventions hold significant promise in improving their impact. A precision approach to A&F prioritizes the display of information in a single metric that, for each recipient, carries the highest value for performance improvement, such as when the metric’s level drops below a peer benchmark or minimum standard for the first time, thereby revealing an actionable performance gap. Furthermore, precision A&F uses an optimal message format (including framing and visual displays) based on what is known about the recipient and the intended gist meaning being communicated to improve message interpretation while reducing the cognitive processing burden. Well-established psychological principles, frameworks, and theories form a feedback intervention knowledge base to achieve precision A&F. From an informatics perspective, precision A&F requires a knowledge-based system that enables mass customization by representing knowledge configurable at the group and individual levels.ObjectiveThis study aims to implement and evaluate a demonstration system for precision A&F in anesthesia care and to assess the effect of precision feedback emails on care quality and outcomes in a national quality improvement consortium.MethodsWe propose to achieve our aims by conducting 3 studies: a requirements analysis and preferences elicitation study using human-centered design and conjoint analysis methods, a software service development and implementation study, and a cluster randomized controlled trial of a precision A&F service with a concurrent process evaluation. This study will be conducted with the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group, a national anesthesia quality improvement consortium with >60 member hospitals in >20 US states. This study will extend the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group quality improvement infrastructure by using existing data and performance measurement processes.ResultsThe proposal was funded in September 2021 with a 4-year timeline. Data collection for Aim 1 began in March 2022. We plan for a 24-month trial timeline, with the intervention period of the trial beginning in March 2024.ConclusionsThe proposed aims will collectively demonstrate a precision feedback service developed using an open-source technical infrastructure for computable knowledge management. By implementing and evaluating a demonstration system for precision feedback, we create the potential to observe the conditions under which feedback interventions are effective.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/34990

Flexible and Efficient QoS Provisioning in AXI4-Based Network-on-Chip Architecture

We propose a network-on-chip (NoC)-based whole system design, whose communication architecture is compatible with the advanced microcontroller bus architecture advanced extensible interface 4 (AXI4) protocol and supports high-performance multiple quality-of-service (QoS) schemes. In our system, the network interface (NI) between the NoC and the master/slave node is proposed to make the NoC architecture independent from the AXI4 protocol via message format conversion between the AXI4 signal format and the packet format, offering high flexibility to the NoC design. Besides, a QoS inheritance mechanism is applied in the slave-side NI to support QoS during packets’ round-trip transfer in the NoC. The NoC system contains time-division multiplexing (TDM) and virtual channel (VC) subnetworks to apply multiple QoS schemes to AXI4 signals with different QoS tags, and the NI is responsible for signals distribution between two subnetworks. Besides, a traffic converter is proposed in each NI to balance the traffic between the two subnetworks when necessary. The experimental results show that our proposed architecture ensures a high-throughput and low-latency NoC system. By applying the traffic converter, the packet latency can be improved.

PDFuzzerGen: Policy-Driven Black-Box Fuzzer Generation for Smart Devices

Black-box fuzzing is a testing technique to find both known and unknown vulnerabilities in software. When applying black-box fuzzing to smart devices, the main idea is to take a smart device as a black box and provide random input through a network-based interface, such as a Web interface. Due to the diversity of Web interface implementations and complex data format, a blind mutation of the message makes the message unable to pass the verification of the device component. Therefore, each Web interface needs a unique fuzzer, which precisely defines a message format of the target interface, a state maintenance method, the field positions to be mutated, and a specific input mutation method. At the time of writing, a fuzzer is completely developed by a security engineer. To save human labor, we present PDFuzzerGen, a tool to automatically synthesize complex black-box fuzzers for smart devices. PDFuzzerGen generates multiple fuzzing policies by analyzing raw messages and then synthesizes fuzzers based on policies. PDFuzzerGen requires no human intervention and can be applied to a wide range of smart devices. Furthermore, the generated fuzzers can expose bugs and flaws that rest deep in smart devices. PDFuzzerGen was evaluated to generate fuzzers for 19 different smart devices from 6 vendors. It has found 14 previously unknown vulnerabilities, 5 of which were confirmed and disclosed by the China National Vulnerability Database (CNVD) and 2 of which were confirmed and disclosed by Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE). The generated fuzzers outperform some manually crafted fuzzers on a few metrics, including the vulnerability detection rate and time cost of a newly developed fuzzer, which demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of PDFuzzerGen.

6LoWPAN Stack Model Configuration for IoT Streaming Data Transmission over CoAP

Abstract: Different protocols have been developed for the Internet of things (IoT), such as the constrained application protocol (CoAP) for the application layer of the IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) stack model. Data transmitted over 6LoWPAN are limited by the throughput and the frame size defined by IEEE 805.14.5 standards. Choosing the best configuration for data transmission involves a trade off between the application requirements, the constrained network configuration, the constrained device specifications and IoT application protocols. This paper provides an analysis of message size and structure recommendations for the 6LoWPAN stack model for different network topologies using CoAP. CoAP is a promising application protocol for the 6LoWPAN stack model because it can effectively manage the transmission required functionality in small header UDP packets compared to TCP packets. However, a data model is also required to realize an effective IoT model. While fragmentation and reassembly are supported by CoAP, they should be avoided for this type of model. As for any conceptual model, a high configuration between layers is mandatory. Additionally, the proposed message format is useful for semantic web of things application development and for WSN design and management.

Celebrity endorsement using different types of new media and advertising formats

ObjetivoEste estudio tiene como objetivo examinar la efectividad (en términos de actitud a la pieza publicitaria, actitud hacia la marca e intención de compra) del celebrity endorsement en la forma de publicidad explícita versus incrustada en el contexto de diferentes tipos de nuevos medios (medios digitales y redes sociales).Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe llevó a cabo un experimento en línea utilizando un diseño between-subjects de 2 (medios digitales vs. redes sociales) × 2 (apoyo explícito vs. incrustado de celebridades). Los participantes (n = 137) fueron expuestos a una pieza online ficticia de contenido de marca en línea que utilizaba celebrity endorsement. Se generaron cuatro tratamientos experimentales, en los cuales los autores manipularon el uso de nuevos medios y el nivel de explicitación del celebrity endorsement en la pieza publicitaria.ResultadosLos resultados principales ponen de manifiesto que el uso de las redes sociales (vs. medios digitales) mejora la influencia indirecta del celebrity endorsement en la intención de compra a través del rol de mediación en serie de la actitud hacia la pieza publicitaria y la actitud hacia la marca, independientemente del nivel de explicitación del mensaje. En cuanto al formato del mensaje, no se observaron diferencias.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónEl poder diferencial del uso de celebridades en diferentes tipos de medios nuevos para promocionar marcas sugiere la importancia de la interactividad en el contexto del celebrity endorsement. Además, la ausencia de diferencias a nivel del formato del mensaje muestra que la presencia de la celebridad per se tiene un efecto relevante.Implicaciones prácticasSegún los resultados de los autores, las empresas que utilizan nuevos medios para su comunicación de marca, incluyendo celebrity endorsements, pueden comprender mejor las diferentes capacidades de las redes sociales y los medios digitales.Originalidad/valorEn un contexto donde la investigación empírica equipara los nuevos medios con las redes sociales, este estudio proporciona un examen del celebrity endorsement considerando la complejidad de la técnica en el actual escenario: diferentes tipos de nuevos medios y diferentes tipos de formatos de mensajes.

Perspectives and Views of Primary Care Professionals Regarding DiabeText, a New mHealth Intervention to Support Adherence to Antidiabetic Medication in Spain: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Antidiabetic medication is effective in preventing diabetes-related complications. However, 40% of type 2 diabetic patients do not adhere to their medication regimes adequately. Brief text messages represent a promising approach to support medication adherence. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of primary care professionals (PCPs) concerning the DiabeText intervention, a new text messaging intervention to be developed to support medication adherence in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mallorca, Spain. Methods: We conducted four focus groups (n = 28) and eight semi-structured interviews with doctors and nurses. Data collection and analysis were carried out by researchers independently following Braun and Clark’s methodology. Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) text messaging interventions have the potential to effectively support diabetes self-management; (2) involving PCPs in the intervention would facilitate its design and implementation; (3) obtaining evidence supporting the cost-effectiveness is a key prerequisite for large-scale implementation of the intervention. PCPs identified barriers and enablers of the design and implementation of the intervention and made suggestions about the content and format of the text messages. Conclusion: The DiabeText intervention is perceived as useful and acceptable by PCPs provided its cost-effectiveness.

Communication as the Origin of Consciousness.

Since the middle of the 20th century, more and more data have appeared on the limited role of consciousness in determining human behavior. In this opinion paper, we hypothesize that the basis of consciousness is precisely the communicative function, and discuss relations of consciousness to other cognitive processes such sensory detection, decision-making and emotions. Within the framework of the hypothesis, consciousness is considered as a highly specialized function of the brain, which ensures encoding of personal information as communication messages. On a subjective level, mental representation just means the state of information to be shared in a human group. Accordingly, consciousness affects only those components of human behavior that are associated with the transmission of messages. Sensory detection, decision-making, emotions and other processes are only projected into consciousness during the encoding of information of them. The communication hypothesis assumes that consciousness is an adaptation that increases the efficiency of a collective way of life, and the emergence of consciousness is inextricably linked with the development of language in human culture. In the future, our view of consciousness provides an opportunity for an objective analysis of subjective phenomena by means of a directed study of the formation of messages both at the level of brain processes and at the level of interactions between individuals.

Health pandemic in the era of (mis)information: examining the utility of using victim narrative and social endorsement of user-generated content to reduce panic buying in the U.S.

ABSTRACT Panic buying frequently occurs in health pandemics, disturbing both the market and people’s lives. The situation is exacerbated by the easy spread of misinformation online. With a web-based experiment, the present study examined how user-generated anti-panic buying messages online could be leveraged to combat panic buying. It was found that user comments discussing how panic buying affects the lives of less advantaged social groups on social media, as well as high social endorsement of the comment, significantly reduced readers’ derogation of the comment, thereby increasing negative attitudes toward panic buying and lowering intention to engage in it. The message format (narrative vs. non-narrative), however, did not influence the amount of impact it had on participants’ attitude and purchase intentions. The findings contribute to research on message-based and heuristic-based persuasion processes in reading reactance-inducing messages online and guide the design of persuasive messages to reduce panic buying during health pandemics.

Persuasion in Tourism Promotion Bilingual Texts: The Importance of Syntactic Forms and Choices

This study is aimed at examining the message communicated by verbal material in bahasa Indonesia and English in the Boyolali tourism promotion bilingual booklet. The study employs descriptive qualitative approach and applies qualitative data analysis under the framework of Syntax. The research data take form of sentences in the Boyolali tourism promotion bilingual booklet in bahasa Indonesia and in English. The findings show that Boyolali tourism promotion bilingual booklet carries an inequivalent message in terms of informative content and persuasive force. This research has also proven that syntax is a substantial asset in the formation of promotional messages in the promotion of tourism destinations of Boyolali.

Protocol: Effectiveness of message content and format on individual and collective efficacy in reducing the intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages

The strategic use of media is a common approach to promote health. A large body of evidence identifies specific features that increase message efficacy, including tailoring messages to the target audience and using a storytelling format. Yet most message testing research has focused on individual-level outcomes, ignoring the social and environmental determinants of health behaviors, which require collective action and political will to change. Grounded in an ecological approach to communication, we will carry out two double-blinded randomized experiments to test the relative effectiveness of message tailoring (culturally-tailored vs. standard) and format (narrative vs. didactic) to increase the intention to reduce individual sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, the understanding of social and commercial determinants of health, and the sense of empowerment among young adult Latinas. Based on power analyses (80% power at alpha = 0.05), we will randomize 438 participants to two groups (traditional standard infographic and culturally-tailored infographic) in the first study, and 662 participants to two groups (culturally-tailored infographic and culturally-tailored comic book) in the second study. All participants will be measured by a pre-treatment test and an immediate post-treatment test. We hypothesize that culturally-tailored comic book will be most effective, and traditional standard infographic will be least effective, on all levels of outcomes. This study will provide empirical evidence in communication strategies to help young Latinos or other racial/ethnic minority young people to pursue positive dietary behaviors that both benefit themselves and contribute to change of social norms.

A Novel Dictionary-Based Method to Compress Log Files with Different Message Frequency Distributions

In the present day, virtually every application software generates large amounts of log entries during its work. The log files that are made from these entries are a collection of information about what happened while the program was running. This report can be used for multiple purposes such as performance monitoring, maintaining security, or improving business decision making. Log entries are usually generated in a disorganized manner. Using template miners, the different ‘event types’ can be distinguished (each log entry is an event), and the set of all entries is split into disjointed subsets according to the event types. These events consist of two parts. The first is the constant part, which is the same for all occurrences of the same event type. The second is the parameter part, which can be different for each occurrence. Since software mass-produces log files, in our previous paper, we introduced an algorithm that uses the templates mined from the data to create a dictionary, which is then used to encode the log entries, so only the ID and the parameter list would be stored. In this paper, we enhance our algorithm with the use of the frequency of the templates, by encoding the parameters and also making use of Huffman coding. With the use of these measures, compared to the previous 67.4% compression rate, a 94.98% compression rate can be achieved (where compression rate is 1 minus the ratio of the size of the compressed file to the uncompressed size). The running times of the different measures that we used to enhance our algorithm are also compared. We also analyze the difference between the compression rate of the enhanced algorithm and general compressors such as LZMA, Bzip2, and PPMd. We examine whether the size of the log files can be further decreased with the combined use of our enhanced method and the general compressors. We also generate log files that follow different distributions to examine the compression capability if the distribution does not follow the power law. Based on our experiments, we would recommend the use of the MoLFI (Multi-objective Log message Format Identification) template miner method with our enhanced algorithm together with PPMd.

Multi-layered meaning formation and linguisticcultural peculiarity of fake messages in the massmedia

The paper investigates the issues and challenges facing the information distortion (the concept of fake news) in the media discourse of Kaznet (Kazakhstani segment of Internet). Particular attention is paid to this phenomenon of the influence and impact of modern “hot media” mechanism and technologies for the perception has been used with the information’s user. The research linguistic ways of distorting information were explored and conducted in line with critical discourse analysis. This article reviews the literature to identify the current state of linguistic methods for creating a fabricated and unreliable hot media product to describe in detail. It is proved with specific examples that fake news carries a certain threat to adequate perception of hot news and recognition patterns when person falls into information captivity and cannot free himself from it because the impact on his consciousness is carried out in a complex manner. A framework of Internet search procedure was used to test the hypothesis. Empirical material presented by posts and comments from open sources of social networks to show and clarify the reasons why a media person becomes so vulnerable, there is a transformation of thinking and traditional values are leveled, which allows communication technology and fake news to destroy his worth system. The authors raise and highlight the need for a person of social net to develop critical thinking to express his own rational and emotional attitude to the described situations and facts on the Internet. The obtained data arouse a certain important in the issue of determining the reliability and application of methods for checking information in the media field of Kaznet for its compliance with reality.

Extracting Formats of Service Messages with Varying Payloads

Having precise specifications of service APIs is essential for many Software Engineering activities. Unfortunately, available documentation of services is often inadequate and/or imprecise and, hence, cannot be fully relied upon. Generating service documentation manually is a tedious and error-prone task, especially in light of changes to services. Therefore, there is a need for automated support in generating service documentation. In this work, we present a novel approach to infer the API of a service by analyzing recorded messages sent to and received from this service. Our approach includes a novel, two-level clustering technique to cluster messages, a step that many existing approaches to infer message formats fail to perform precisely in the presence of significant variation of payload information of the available messages. We have evaluated our approach on message traces from four different real-world services. The experimental result shows that our approach is more effective than existing techniques in extracting correct message formats from recorded messages.

Disseminating online parenting resources in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned.

Online parenting programs are an effective way to teach behavioral management skills to parents in the absence of in‐person resources. This community‐engaged study aimed to examine strategies for disseminating online parenting resources in schools. Online resources were disseminated to parents in a Northern California school district. Dissemination strategies were informed by conversations with school principals, teachers, and parents and considered agent, message, and format. A total of 685 parents and teachers clicked on the online resources: 151 parents and 114 teachers attended synchronous classes. The use of dissemination strategies had a compounding influence on the number of synchronous class attendees and clicks. Emails sent by the school district yielded the greatest number of clicks, which was influenced by message content and format. A community–academic partnership (CAP) led to the dissemination of evidence‐based online parenting resources to a large population and led to lessons learned that could inform future research involving CAPs.

Research on Cloud-edge Interaction Technology of Power Internet of Things Based on MQTT Protocol

Under the development trend of power industry with energy Internet as the core, with the update of information technologies such as intelligent devices, mobile communication technology and cloud computing, the application of Internet of things (IOT) in power industry has developed from the concept of specific link service to the application of large-scale market. The core of the next power Internet of things construction is to build an open IOT management platform to realize the ubiquitous access of massive devices, the deep sharing of cross-professional data, business integration, and the provision of precise user services. Based on this, an industrial alliance will be formed and a power industry ecosystem with power grid enterprises as the core will be established. At present, the application of power Internet of things in China is still in the primary stage of research and application. The research on what the IOT management platform should manage and the interaction technology between the IOT management platform and edge agents is still in the stage of exploration and pilot. This paper mainly studies the cloud-edge interaction technology, including the interaction object, process and message format. Then it formulates a set of cloud-edge format specifications to meet the requirements of the platform’s own management and business system message transmission, so as to provide reference for the cloud-edge interaction of power Internet of things.

Formalized description of flight dispatchers’ activities with slot messages

The article is devoted to the analysis of the flight dispatchers’ complex activities while working with messages on the organization of air traffic flows. Based on expert information, typical operation situations in the airline have been identified, the probabilities of their occurrence have been determined. The decomposition scheme and algorithms of flight dispatchers’ activity while working with the messages concerning slots have been made. The description of flight dispatchers’ activity with messages on the organization of air traffic flows using the decomposition procedure and flowcharts of algorithms has been analysed and worked out. Flight dispatchers process a lot of different information, while performing many professional tasks: obtaining information, encoding and decoding data and disseminating processed information as air traffic flows messages; interaction with the Aeronautical Information Service and others and it can often occur in a time and deficit mode. The training factor while dealing with professional duties is important to reduce and avoid errors, so it is necessary to analyze this complex activity of compiling, transmitting and disseminating information on the organization of air traffic flows and systematize it. Such systematization will be the basis for the creation of algorithms and models of flight dispatchers’ activity concerning messages on the organization of air traffic flows. Decomposition schemes and algorithmic descriptions have been developed and they characterize the field of air traffic flows organization in terms of the airline specialists’activities at two main levels of planning: pre-tactical and operational. The decomposition has been analyzed at some levels such as airline specialists dealing with the organization of air traffic flows according to the planning stage, typical operation situations, type of work with the message (receipt and analysis; formation of the relevant message). These developments can be used in conducting training lessons with cadets during their professional training. Further areas of work are considered to be methodical work with the obtained research results in order to implement them in the training of future flight dispatchers. Key words: flight dispatchers, slot, algorithm, decomposition, typical operation situations

ОПЫТ ВНУТРИРЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА ОБРАЗОВ ТЕРРИТОРИИ В ДИСКУРСЕ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ МЕДИА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА)

The article examines the territorial features of the representation of the municipalities of the North Caucasus Federal District in leading social media. We analyze the main approaches to defining the geographical image of a territory; explore the theoretical foundations underlying the study of social media from the perspective of geographical science; identify a set of research terms and concepts used to analyze images of territories in social media. The paper proposes a new method of multi-scale monitoring of the territory’s image in social media, which can be adapted for other regions of Russia. The analysis of information in social media makes it possible to identify the peculiarities of the representation of a particular territory, as well as the mental connections between municipalities, cities, regions, and the degree of their influence on the geographical image of each other. With the data collected by the Medialogia information and analytical system, the geography of publications, their authors, their audience at the federal, regional, and local levels were studied. Based on this material, the intensity, both absolute and relative, and the tonality of the information flow for each municipality of the North Caucasus Federal District were determined. The leading regional centers for the formation of social media content were identified. The most frequently mentioned topics, words, and hashtags in relation to each territory were considered. A geographical analysis of the features of the formation of information messages was carried out, which made it possible to identify territories with a predominance of an external or internal image. On the basis of the analysis, the characteristic types of the information flow structure were proposed. The main problems of forming a positive image of the North Caucasus territory in social media are were identified. The results obtained are of practical significance for territorial branding and promotion of the region's territories in social media.