Message Format Research Articles

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Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the essence and role of empirical models of consumer persuasion in the advertising activities of tourism enterprises. Achieving the goal involves solving the following tasks: to determine the most effective channels for attracting customers, analyze the models of the hierarchy of reactions to communication with consumers, characterize empirical models of consumer persuasion and prove the feasibility of their use in the advertising activities of tourism enterprises . Methods. Analytical, comparative and historical research methods were used to solve the main tasks. Results. The article considers the essence and role of empirical models of consumer persuasion in the advertising activities of a tourism enterprise. Attention is focused on the need for efforts of a tourism enterprise to understand the psychology of consumers in order to ensure targeted impact on them by advertising means. The theoretical foundations of traditional behavioral theories that study models of persuasion from a psychological perspective are analyzed and empirical models of persuasion are proposed, namely, logical, associative and innovative, since the use of digital technologies allows an integrated approach to the use of the proposed models, which facilitates the choice of channels for distributing advertising and processing information received from consumers.. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of empirical models of persuasion of consumers of tourism services. The proposed models reflect the stage at which the consumer makes a decision to purchase a tourism product, which will allow to identify heterogeneous features within each of the target groups and correlate accordingly with the content and format of the information message itself and the channel of its distribution. The use of digital technologies makes it possible to use them within a single message to different categories of consumers, which facilitates the choice of distribution channels and processing of the information received. Practical significance. The proposed models can be used in the advertising activities of tourism enterprises to increase their efficiency. Key words: tourism, advertising activity, tourism enterprise, traditional models of persuasion, empirical models of persuasion.

Социально-медийное пространство Северного Кавказа: структура и внутри региональные особенности

In the article, on the example of the territories of the North Caucasus, their representation in social media is considered. Modern approaches to the use of data from social media in sociogeographical research are analyzed. A number of research terms and concepts used to analyze the images of territories in social media have been identified and formed. The concept of „socialmediaspace“ is proposed and substantiated, tools and metrics for its internal studyare defined. With the help of the data collected by the information- analytical system «Medialogy», a study was made of the geography of publications of their authors, their audience at the federal, regional and local levels. On the basis of this material, the intensity and tonality of the information flow were determined, and the leading regional centers for the formation of social media content were identified. A geographic analysis of the features of the formation of information messages was carried out, which made it possible to identify territories with a predominance of an external or internal image. Based on it, characteristic types of information flow structure are proposed. The parametrization of the social media space is implemented through indicators of concentration, differentiation and connectivity. A typology of the municipalities of the North Caucasus has been carried out according to the peculiarities of the development of the social media space, information centers and information peripher have been identified. The developed method of geographical analysis of the territory in social media can be applied to other territories of various levels. The results obtained are of practical importance for territorial branding and promotion of territories in social media.

АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ЕВОЛЮЦІЙНОМУ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The enterprise operates in an environment that is constantly changing and requires appropriate changes from it. This process requires a significant array of data for making management decisions, which emphasizes the importance of information to ensure the development of the enterprise. The development of the enterprise is the goal of activity and acts as a separate object of management. The purpose of the article is to consider the content and tasks of the information management process in ensuring the development of the enterprise. In the research process, general and special methods were used, in particular: analysis and synthesis to determine the meaningful characteristics of the development of the enterprise and the information process, as well as methods of induction and deduction to clarify the parameters of the enterprise's development. By the method of system analysis, interdependencies between information and management decisions were established and a list of information process management tasks was formed to ensure the development of the enterprise. On the basis of the analysis of the dependence between the management process, information and the development of the enterprise, a scheme of the relationship between information and the management decision, which takes into account the reasons for its adoption, has been developed. The definition of enterprise development management has been clarified, in particular, attention has been focused on taking into account changes in individual elements of the system as a parameter of enterprise development. This made it possible to form management tasks within the management information process regarding the formation of the management system, support of its functioning, data interpretation, creation and observance of information work regulations, ensuring maximum compliance between material, financial and information flows. The obtained results can be used to improve the management of industrial enterprises by taking into account the recommendations regarding the functioning of the information process, namely the performance of tasks related to its regulation, the performance of mandatory tasks by personnel to ensure the construction of a clear system of formation and transmission of information messages.

Лингвокоммуникативные особенности политического дискурса и возможность его внедрения в процесс изучения иностранного языка

The article explains the role of a language in political discourse, analyses its influence on the formation of ideological attitudes, the formation of political messages and interaction with the audience. The main definitions of political discourse, its characteristics and the forms in which it is implemented are outlined. The linguistic and communicative features of political discourse are determined, and a way to use it in the process of teaching English is proposed. The author describes the possibilities of including political discourse in the process of studying a foreign language, suggests to structure lexical units using the context, which can help students not only develop language skills, but also increase "political literacy" through a conscious and critical perception of political discourse.

Perceived Truthfulness of Reduced Lung Cancer Risk Advertising Claims Influences Consumers' Intention to try and to Purchase Snus.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a reduced risk claim about lung cancer, presented in various formats, on smokers' and non-smokers' interest in trying Camel Snus and intention to purchase Camel Snus. We varied claim formats by varying advertising messages for Camel Snus in 4 ways (1) text only; (2) bar chart; (3) text/testimonial; and (4) bar chart/testimonial. 3001 participants were recruited from a web-based consumer specialty panel via an email invitation. In 2015, a second study was conducted, using similar methods, where 3001 additional participants were recruited. Overall, controlling for other factors, the presence of an MRTP claim was not significantly related to interest in trying snus [X2 (4) = 8.567, P = .073], or purchase intentions [X2 (4) = 1.148, P = .887]. Relative to a control ad where no explicit health risk claim was made, the Graphic + testimonial [OR = 1.29] or Text only [OR = 1.41] claims did significantly increase interest in trying Camel Snus. However, the adverting format did not impact interest in purchasing Camel Snus. While current smokeless tobacco users (95%) and smokers (59%) expressed interest in trying Camel Snus, non-tobacco users (7%) showed low interest in trying or purchasing Camel Snus (P < .001). Interest in trying Camel Snus was stronger in younger smokers compared to older smokers. Among current smokers, worry about lung cancer (the key focus of the reduced risk claim) was not associated with interest in trying Camel Snus or with purchase intention [OR = .91, 95% CI: .72, 1.14] or intention to purchase snus [OR = 1.07, 95% CI: .86, 1.32]. Future research should evaluate how claim and messaging formats influence perceived truthfulness and whether this effect differs among sub-groups of consumers, such as adolescents, those with tobacco-related disease, and former smokers. It will also be helpful to understand whether perceptions of ad truthfulness result in changes in product use patterns over time. In sum, giving people truthful, credible information about relative product risks, such as through authorized MRTP claims, is important, but such information is likely insufficient to get smokers to switch.

Model based Verification and Validation of LiDAR sensor

This research paper presents the study of modelling and validating the results of simulation of LiDAR sensor with actual sensor data. The model can be further utilized for virtual testing of various ADAS functions. The virtual sensor is a physics-based sensor capable of emulating the real sensor. Initially an in-depth study of Velodyne VLP-16 sensor was carried out in order to parameterize the virtual sensor model. The sensor is modelled virtually in Gazebo simulation environment. Gazebo is used along with ROS (Robotic Operating Interface) in order to record the sensor data. Data conversion from sensor message format to Cartesian coordinates has been carried out. This was done in order to have a common format of actual and virtual data for validation. Four different objects were selected for validating the sensor data. The validation methodology is based on comparison of actual recorded data generated by Velodyne VLP-16 LiDAR and virtually generated data by the virtual LiDAR sensor model. The validation proves that the in case of static scenarios, the virtual lidar sensor model is 99 % accurate in measuring the range to the object. Although there is slight deviation from the actual value, it is in the acceptable limits.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATA TRANSMISSION MODES 1090ES AND VDL MODE 4 FOR ADS-B ANTENNAS

The study and analysis of technologies affecting the safety of aircraft flights is relevant and important in a strategic plan. One such technology is Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), a technology that allows aircraft pilots and air traffic controllers to receive the most accurate information about aircraft movements. It is currently being implemented in many countries around the world. The VDL-4 message format provides the ability to send message types not described in the standard. This is achieved through the use of spare bits in the fields of service messages. Data communication is described as a presentation layer service that allows information such as the year to be transmitted, or work with the protocols of a self-organizing network to increase its coverage area. The article examines the data transmission lines currently in use for ADS-B. As a result of the work, a comparative analysis of current ADS-B data lines: 1090ES and VDL Mode 4 is presented.

A blockchain-based reputation system for trusted VANET nodes

Vehicular network applications, such as Local Danger Warnings (LDW), have become necessary as they provide services to drivers with warnings and instructions to ensure safe driving. However, before any vehicle reacts to an alert, it is essential to verify its veracity because an incorrect warning misleads other vehicles and causes unnecessary delays and detours in traffic. On the other hand, ignoring an alert or taking too long to verify it can cause accidents. A common way to address this problem is via a reputation system, where the veracity and plausibility of an alert message are assessed based on the reputation of the vehicle that discloses it. This paper describes a decentralized reputation system based on a consortium blockchain and smart contracts called BRS4VANETs. This system analyzes the reliability of data generated by a vehicle, detects malicious behavior, and contributes to decision-making. The complete functional architecture of the system, detailing the algorithms, evaluation metrics, communication protocol, and message formats, is described and implemented. Experiments with network and traffic simulators evaluated the risk of a false message attack, the effectiveness of the system and its overheads. The assessment demonstrates the importance of reputation systems and also shows the feasibility of having a decentralized system to store and disseminate reputation information based on blockchain technologies. Finally, the results also demonstrate that BRS4VANETs can successfully detect suspicious and malicious vehicles.

A case of rare development of arteriovenous malformation of the lower lobe of the right lung

Arteriovenous malformations are one of the variants of congenital vascular malformations resulting from a defect in the development of the arterial and venous systems with the formation of direct messages between vessels of different diameters and shunting of blood with high velocity characteristics from the arterial to the venous part of the vascular system. Arteriovenous malformations are characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations and in some cases may be accompanied by severe circulatory disorders. Arteriovenous lung malformation (AVML) accounts for a small fraction of the AVM structure. The defect consists in the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses at the level of segmental, subsegmental and smaller vascular divisions. This article presents a case of detection of a rare malformation of arteriovenous malformation of the lower lobe of the right lung.

Design and implementation of a health messaging protocol employed for use within a COVID-19 health dissemination platform.

AZCOVIDTXT, a bilingual, two-way information sharing platform was created in April of 2020 in response to rising COVID-19 cases in Arizona. The aim of this paper is to delineate the protocol and processes used to develop and disseminate health messaging to serve as guidance for other groups, universities, or public health programs in the implementation or enhancement of health communication services. Health messaging formats included website articles, published on the system's website (azcovidtxt.org), infographics posted on social media, and SMS. Social media and SMS infographics were intended to highlight and augment the topics covered in the weekly website articles, to create a seamless multimodal source of reliable COVID-19 information for AZCOVIDTXT enrollees and the broader public. All health messaging information, text message and social media content was planned and reviewed collaboratively by the AZCOVIDTXT team topic experts for accuracy, efficacy, and content consistency. As of July 2021, AZCOVIDTXT provided weekly COVID-19-related health communication to 3,747 participating households located across 225 Arizona zip codes. AZCOVIDTXT has developed and sent 446 unique, bilingual SMS for a total of 271,977 contact points. The team has produced and published 179 website articles, which averaged a combined 7,000-page views per month, and 173 social media posts were made available to 268 followers across three platforms. Several programmatic aspects were deemed essential to the success of AZCOVIDTXT. These included (1) addressing community specific needs, (2) creating timely and relevant content, (3) developing an adaptable system, and (4) prioritizing system automation where possible, (5) having an interdisciplinary team approach to identifying and crafting key messages.

Vehicles fleet communications in data infrastructure unavailability situations

The paper describes a solution for operating a fleet of AGVs or AMRs, when an appropriate communication infrastructure is not available, by using messages send from one vehicle to another. All vehicles are equipped with two-way radios and a server (fixed or placed on one vehicle) is managing the network messages and is storing the data about the position of each vehicle. A set of rules was defined for message management and the messages format was defined in detail. It was also defined an algorithm, running on the server, for defining the chain of vehicles to be used for sending one message in the network and for updating the data about the vehicles’ network structure. It was developed and tested the software to be implemented in the radio communication modules for managing the messages flow. Tests were performed for assessing the coverage area in a real environment and the results, proving the correct software implementation, are explained.

11.M. Workshop: Vaccination hesitancy in the Western Balkans and inclusive governance

Abstract Vaccine hesitancy has been identified as one of the crucial contributors to the global decline in vaccination coverage for several well-established vaccines in previous decades and is listed by the World Health Organization as one of the top ten threats to global health. In developing countries, the leading reasons for under-vaccination appear to be the lack of access, low education and socio-economic status. In developed countries psychological, social, and contextual factors are defined as main drivers of vaccine hesitancy. With the COVID-19 pandemic the threat of vaccine hesitancy has become more evident and is now in the focus of strategies and efforts to improve and strengthen the interventions to combat vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination coverage. Despite the availability of multiple effective vaccines against COVID-19, only 40% of population of Wester Balkans in average has been completely vaccinated (with a complete initial protocol), which is far below the world average (56%). Vaccine hesitancy largely jeopardizes the achievement of heard immunity, postponing the end of the pandemic. To explore reasons of vaccine hesitancy, the cross-sectional and quasi-experimental studies were performed from July to September 2021 in five countries of the Western Balkans: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. The results will be presented and discussed from a policy perspective. The first presentation will introduce to the actual debate around vaccination hesitancy; the second presentation describes the survey design and key results related to societal factors (confidence in political and health authorities, science, and pharmaceutical companies), social responsibility (personal sense of responsibility in achieving collective immunity and contagion prevention) and the credibility of information sources about COVID-19 vaccines; the third presentation will discuss components of credibility (expertise, trustworthiness, and caring/goodwill) after respondents’ exposure to messages with narratives on COVID-19 vaccine decisions. The fourth presentation is going to identify promising policy options. The objective of the workshop is to present and discuss the results of the Western Balkans study, relate them to corresponding studies in Europe and beyond, and propose effective interventions. The audience is invited to discuss the findings and the practicability of strategies to improve the acceptance of qualified information in the population, how to enhance trustworthy, how to improve vaccination rates. The discussion will focus on the following questions: a) What are the main drivers of vaccination hesitancy? b) Which messaging format is most convincing and trustworthy? c) Why is the global dimension essential? Key messages • Vaccine hesitancy is a serious threat and reason for the insufficient vaccination coverage and suboptimal herd immunity in the Western Balkans. • Vaccination policy has to enhance information trustworthy and source credibility at the national level and argue for fair resource distribution in the global dimension.

Partitioning online experiential consumption increases subjective well-being during the times of uncertainty

The current study suggests an effective compensatory control strategy using partitioning experiential consumption that can be implemented into consumers’ daily activities. Across four experiments, we examined the effects of partitioned (vs. aggregated) message formats and financial anxiety on sense of control, subjective well-being, and ad attitudes. Specifically, our findings indicated that consumers with higher (vs. lower) levels of financial anxiety respond more favorably toward partitioned (vs. aggregated) experiential messages. Our results provide timely contributions for researchers and practitioners who are interested in understanding and implementing advertising and marketing strategies in the digital landscape with improving consumers’ well-being in mind.

Effects of comparative information when communicating personalized risks of treatment outcomes: an experimental study

Despite great promise of using personalized risks of treatment outcomes during shared decision-making, patients often experience difficulty evaluating and using them. We examined the effects of providing comparative information of the average person’s risk when discussing personalized risks on people’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. Participants (n = 1,807) from a representative sample of the Dutch population received personalized risks of treatment side-effects in three different health scenarios. Participants either received only their own personalized risk statistic, or with comparative data indicating that their risk was below or above average. Furthermore, we examined whether the effects would be influenced by message format (natural frequencies with or without icon arrays) and individual differences (subjective numeracy, health literacy, and graph literacy). Providing comparative information did not influence participants’ risk perceptions, affective evaluations, nor their treatment intention. However, participants who were told that their personalized risks were above average, estimated their own risk as lower than participants who received the same personalized risks that were below average or that were without any comparative data. Message format and individual differences did not influence people’s responses to comparative data. Healthcare professionals can consider providing comparative data for helping people make sense of their personalized risks.

Maintaining the Effectiveness of Online Teaching and Learning In Elementary Schools in Blahkiuh Village through the Integration of Tat Tvam ASI in Google Classroom

This pandemic has forced teachers of elementary school to hold teaching and learning activities from home. Students and parents are also forced to be familiar with online teaching, and students should keep learning the material delivered by the teacher through teaching and learning platform. In this case, teachers should pay attention to the platform they used in order to keep students’ motivation and achievement in learning, and to maintain the effectiveness of online teaching and learning. The most common platform used by elementary teachers in teaching is Google Classroom. This platform is considered to be easy to use both by teachers and students. This research was aimed at finding out the effectiveness of the use of Tat Twam Asi Based Google Classroom in elementary schools in Blahkiuh Village. The research method used in this research was qualitative method. The data was collected through interview session with Elementary schools’ teachers and students in Blahkiuh Village. The research finding showed that integrating the concept of Tat Twam Asi in Google Classroom was effective with various limitation: the message recipients, contents, communication media, format, source, and timing.

Global Cooperation Framework to Mitigate a Technology-Regulation Gap in Blockchain

The research investigates the sunrise issue of the financial regulations for virtual assets from the architectural perspective. The Financial Action Task Force’s revision of recommendations transits virtual assets from a vague area between legal and illegal economies. However, lawmakers and regulators warn that the stretching adoption of the regulations might invalidate the financial regulations for virtual assets, called a sunrise issue. The research explains the unsatisfying regulatory compliance, relying on the gaps between technological architecture and regulatory framework. Furthermore, it recommends a modular architecture in the regulatory framework and elaborate message format. The research contribute technology-regulation gaps to regulation compliance studies and global cooperation to blockchain-based financial sectors.

Sub-messages extraction for industrial control protocol reverse engineering

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) connects various industrial devices and processes for smart manufacturing purposes. The industrial devices and processes may employ standard or private communication protocols. Protocol Reverse Engineering (PRE) can infer the format of the unknown protocol by analyzing traffic traces. Existing work in the field mainly focuses on Internet protocol only, handling text messages. PRE for industrial control protocols is difficult and particularly designed for IIoT for real-time interconnection among industrial devices. Given the phenomenon that many consecutive sub-messages are often embedded in a lengthy message payload and have a similar format, a novel sub-messages extraction algorithm is proposed in this work by using template iteration as an intermediate step to form a full message format inference framework. An improved evaluation criterion is also proposed to evaluate the sub-messages extraction results. We carry out our algorithm on three standard industrial control protocols and two unknown protocols. Experiments show that adding our sub-messages extraction in PRE for IIoT can greatly improve the accuracy of the overall protocol format inference compared with the existing work.

Effective airbnb advertising during COVID-19 pandemic: Message format and hypothetical distance

Airbnb hosts encounter difficulty in choosing an approach to advertising during unprecedented times caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores effective Airbnb advertising messages with a particular focus on hypothetical distance based on construal level theory. A 2 (message format: abstract vs. concrete) × 2 (hypothetical distance: low vs. high likelihood of travel) between-subject experiment was conducted. Data collection was conducted in the US during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that the ‘abstract’ message results in a higher intention to stay when hypothetical distance is ‘low’, whereas the ‘concrete’ message results in a higher intention to stay when hypothetical distance is ‘high’. In addition, the mediating role of message relevance in the relationship between message format and intention to stay was also found. These findings provide meaningful theoretical contributions and have practical implications for tourism and hospitality research.

Novel Implementation Strategy to Electronically Screen and Signpost Patients to Health Behavior Apps: Mixed Methods Implementation Study (OptiMine Study).

BackgroundBehavior change apps have the potential to provide individual support on a population scale at low cost, but they face numerous barriers to implementation. Electronic health records (EHRs) in acute care hospitals provide a valuable resource for identifying patients at risk, who may benefit from behavior change apps. A novel, emerging implementation strategy is to use digital technologies not only for providing support to help-seeking individuals but also for signposting patients at risk to support services (also called proactive referral in the United States).ObjectiveThe OptiMine study aimed to increase the reach of behavior change apps by implementing electronic signposting for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction in a large, at-risk population that was identified through an acute care hospital EHR.MethodsThis 3-phase, mixed methods implementation study assessed the acceptability, feasibility, and reach of electronic signposting to behavior change apps by using a hospital’s EHR system to identify patients who are at risk. Phase 1 explored the acceptability of the implementation strategy among the patients and staff through focus groups. Phase 2 investigated the feasibility of using the hospital EHR to identify patients with target risk behaviors and contact them via SMS text message, email, or patient portal. Phase 3 assessed the impact of SMS text messages sent to patients who were identified as smokers or risky drinkers, which signposted them to behavior change apps. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who clicked on the embedded link in the SMS text message to access information about the apps. The acceptability of the SMS text messages among the patients who had received them was also explored in a web-based survey.ResultsOur electronic signposting strategy—using SMS text messages to promote health behavior change apps to patients at risk—was found to be acceptable and feasible and had good reach. The hospital sent 1526 SMS text messages, signposting patients to either the National Health Service Smokefree or Drink Free Days apps. A total of 13.56% (207/1526) of the patients clicked on the embedded link to the apps, which exceeded our 5% a priori success criterion. Patients and staff contributed to the SMS text message content and delivery approach, which were perceived as acceptable before and after the delivery of the SMS text messages. The feasibility of the SMS text message format was determined and the target population was identified by mining the EHR.ConclusionsThe OptiMine study demonstrated the proof of concept for this novel implementation strategy, which used SMS text messages to signpost at-risk individuals to behavior change apps at scale. The level of reach exceeded our a priori success criterion in a non–help-seeking population of patients receiving unsolicited SMS text messages, disconnected from hospital visits.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/23669

Editorial

Dear Readers, It gives me great pleasure to announce the sixth regular issue of 2022. First of all, I would like to welcome all the new members of our editorial board and also express my sincere gratitude to all the members who have recently retired. It is only thanks to the expertise of our editorial board and volunteer guest reviewers, as well as the generous support of the J.UCS consortium and the novel contributions of our authors, that we are able to maintain this high standard and even improve the impact factor over the years. In this issue, various topical aspects of computer science are covered by 12 authors from 5 countries in 4 articles. Stefano Masneri, Ana Dom&amp;iacute;nguez, Mikel Zorrilla, Mikel Larra&amp;ntilde;aga and Ana Arruarte from Italy present a systematic review of the literature on the use of augmented reality applications in primary and secondary schools, with a specific focus on collaborative, multi-user, and interactive applications. In their article, Julio Cesar Vale Neves, Luiz Enrique Zarate and Mark Alan Junho Song from Brazil describe an approach to add a new data structure, binary decision diagrams (BDD), to the TRIAS algorithm and retrieve triadic concepts for high dimensional contexts. In a collaborative research between Croatia and Ukraine, Igor Tomicic, Markus Schatten, and Vadym Shkarupylo propose an open ontology for self-sustainable human settlements in an effort to find a common language for modeling self-sustainable systems and address issues of heterogeneity of physical devices, protocols, software components, data and message formats, and other relevant factors for the implementation of smart systems. Last but not least, Derya Yiltas-Kaplan from Turkey presents her research on traffic optimization with software-defined network controllers.