Medium-term Planning Research Articles

Методологічні основи розробки податкової політики країни

The article is devoted to the problems of determining the methodological bases for the development of the country’s tax policy. The institutional powers of the main regulators of tax policy are defined. These regulators, when interacting, must comply with the criteria of Nash equilibrium in order to ensure sustainable socioeconomic development. The principles of formation and implementation of tax policy are characterized, in particular, fiscal sufficiency, social justice, efficiency, effectiveness, stability, adaptability and neutrality in relation to the level of competitiveness of the payer. A two-stage algorithm for determining the efficiency and effectiveness of tax policy has been proposed. The specifics of planning and forecasting activities in the system of tax regulation of socioeconomic development are disclosed, the need for permanent improvement of the methodology of medium-term planning of tax revenues and introduction of scenario modeling is substantiated. The need to assess the financial solvency of taxpayers in order to build realistic forecasts and plans is emphasized. The reasons for the occurrence of transaction costs associated with the administration of taxes are disclosed, a methodical approach to their distribution into ex ante and ex post expenses is substantiated. The features of the formation of tax policy under the conditions of further implementation of the reform of fiscal decentralization and taking into account Samuelson’s «randomness theorem» are determined. The need to find optimal parameters for the distribution of revenues from the payment of national taxes between the State and local budgets is emphasized. The role of the information component in the environment of development and implementation of tax policy is defined. The basic characteristics of the architecture of effective tax administration are determined. Promising directions of digitalization of tax administration have been identified, taking into account the peculiarities of the architectonics of fiscal space.

Devolved Governance System and its Economic Development Impact to Rural Counties in Kenya: Case Study Kakamega County, Kenya

This study aims at discussing how devolved governance system has an economic impact to rural counties in Kenya with Kakamega rural county as the case study. The Devolution is one of the most transformative changes to Kenya’s governance system brought about by the Kenya Constitution, 2010. Article 174 of the Constitution provides that one of the key objectives of devolution is to promote social and economic development and provide proximate, easily accessible services throughout Kenya. Many rural Counties including Kakamega County faced with a myriad of challenges such as poverty, unemployment, disease, low agricultural productivity among others. Kakamega County through its short, medium and long term plans came up with an Integrated Development Plan (CIDP). The CIDP helps the county in identification of the projects and programmes through various consultative forums at the sub-county level vide Focused Ward Groups, community dialogues, County Stakeholders, such as the County Budget and Economic Forum, Kenya National Chamber of Commerce, Public Benefit Organizations such as GROOTS Kenya, ADS, and International development partners such as UNICEF, UNDP and USAID. Kakamega county has achieved much in terms of developments in various sectors such as education, health, infrastructure and urbanization. This study contributes in highlighting how devolved governance system has a positive impact to rural areas in kenya. The study provides crucial insights on devolution as a tool to economic development changes in rural Kenya especially in Kakamega County.

ПРОГНОЗИ В БЮДЖЕТНОМУ РЕГУЛЮВАННІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Budget revenue forecasting is one of the most important problems that arise during its formation. This is especially true for future forecasting. New factors, as well as the latest threats associated with Russia's invasion of the territory of Ukraine, have a significant impact on the development of budgetary relations, the formation of budgets of various levels, as well as the entire economy of the country. The question of forecasting is especially relevant in the context of the restoration of full-fledged medium-term budget planning. The purpose of the article is aimed at defining the concepts of the formation of forecast budgets in Ukraine in the conditions of the restoration of forecast work by the participants of the budget process during the russian aggression. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the budget revenue forecasting process under the conditions of the risks of martial law. The methodological basis and information base of the research are current scientific and applied research, statistical information. The article uses a number of methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the efficiency of economic management and the financial condition of the public sector depend on the quality of budget forecasting and planning, because they are the key to the sustainable development of socio-economic processes. Presenting main material. The criteria for the quality of forecasts and the consequences that are expected in case of inaccuracy of forecasts during medium-term budget forecasting have been established. It was established that the forecast volume of budget revenues (both state and local) depends on the state and trends of economic and social development, stability or instability, effectiveness and progressiveness of the current legislation, forms and methods of organizing work on mobilizing payments to the budget, the level of financial culture and other influencing factors. The modern components of budget forecasting are defined, with clarification of their stages and stages of forecasting work. The originality and practical significance of the research is due to the analysis of positive and negative processes from the point of view of the difficulties of implementing the budget process in the economy at the moment, which made it possible to determine the key provisions that can be taken into account in the process of restoring full-fledged medium-term planning and forecasting in the conditions of war. The conducted theoretical research and the development of practical recommendations will contribute to the stabilization of the forecasting work of state authorities. Conclusions. Forecasting should become an integral part of the process of medium-term budget planning, which will allow to investigate trends in the formation of budget revenues and expenses, to establish factors that should be taken into account in the calculations of budget indicators. The purpose of budget forecasting is to assess the various and most likely options for the development of events in the formation of budget revenues and expenses, which. creates a basis for the selection of goals, which are a reference point in the development of budgets. Modern conditions require the maximum expansion of the field of application of the forecasting process, further improvement of the methodology and methodology of developing forecasts.

A Climatological Survey of Corsica for Power System Analyses

Climate and climate change can impact present and future energy production and demand. In light of this issue, this paper conducts climatological analyses focused on the following meteorological quantities: shortwave downward irradiance (SDI), precipitation (Pr), relative humidity (RH), air temperature (Ta), 10 m wind speed (v10), and diurnal temperature range (DTR) for four locations in Corsica. The climate analyses of these atmospheric variables consist of three parts: (1) analysis of the historical trends; (2) correlation analysis; and (3) analysis of climate projections for the decades to come. It is observed that climate change is causing alterations in the trends of Pr, RH, Ta, v10, and DTR. The correlation analysis reveals a positive correlation for the Ta-SDI and v10-Pr pairs (both annually and seasonally), and a negative correlation for Ta-RH (annually and in summer). For the other variable pairs, the sign of the correlations varies depending on the time period and site considered. The trends in the projections from the multi-model ensemble simulations are consistent or inconsistent with each other depending on the time period (annual or seasonal) considered. The observed historical trends suggest that medium-term planning of the Corsican electric power system should already consider ongoing climate change. The correlation analysis provides insights into the combined effect of different atmospheric variables on electrical power systems (EPSs). Climate projections suggest studying long-term planning that is a compromise among the different (but equally likely) outputs of different climate models.

Global patent activities survey in the field of welding for the period of 2013−2022

This study is an example of the application of IPR methods in the R&D management. The purpose of this article is to describe the global situation and trends ofpatenting in the field of welding. In Ukraine such a study put through for the first time.Based on the results of a series of searches using IPC indexes, an analysis of the worldwide patent statistics in the field of welding for 2013−2022 was accomplished. The overwhelming dominance of China was revealed among the countries in which patent applications are filed. China’s share for 2013-2022 was almost 83 % and continues to grow rapidly. The USA has second rate with 4.3 %, and Japan is third with 3.1 %. Ukraine, having its share as of 0.06 %, ranks 15th among almost 50 countries. The top 10 applicants in the field of welding are manufacturing companies that surpass most countries in the world in terms of their patent activity. Five of them are Japanese, two each from the USA and China, and one is Korean. The R&D sector among the first hundred applicants is mainly represented by Chinese universities. There are only three European companies in the top 100 applicants, namely Siemens, Bosch and Fronius.
 Itemized peculiar structure of research and developments in the field of welding was determined and compared with the proper structure of scientific research conducted at the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute (PWI). It is typical that in the global dimension, the greatest efforts are focused on patenting universal devices and processes that can be used in various welding methods (44 %), followed by electric arc welding in all its variety of applications (12.2 %) and then laser welding and related technologies (7.5 %). Meanwhile, in the structure of scientific research of PWI, a prominent place is occupied by electric arcwelding technologies (37.0 %), followed by the creation of new substances for the manufacture of rods, electrodes, materials or environments used in welding (15.6 %).On a practical aspect, exploitation of IPR methods in R&D activities is needed not only to determine the freedom to operate of the results of scientific research and newly developed technologies, but for operational and medium-term planning of R&D activities, to determine the place of any scientific institution among other research centers, enterprises and companies which belong to a certain industry.

Revisit intention of tourists in farm tourism sites

ABSTRACT This work offers a structural model that explains farm tourist revisit intention (RI), which highlights place attachment (PA) and memorable tourism experience (MTE) in addition to tourist satisfaction, perceived risks (PR), and tourism destination image (TDI) as antecedents. Partial least squares–structural equation modelling was used to evaluate their theoretical relationships. Findings suggest that MTE and PA are the strongest predictors of RI, with satisfaction also influencing RI. The mediation analysis shows that PA partially mediates satisfaction and RI, and satisfaction partially mediates TDI and RI. This work also frames a new theoretical lens on the relationship of PR with satisfaction, TDI, and RI in the farm tourism literature. It provides farm tourism sites a better understanding of tourist behavioural intention to revisit, inputs to the design of initiatives for tourism marketing, and aids in short- and medium-term planning and resource allocation decisions.

Measurement and Analysis of the Scientific and Technological Innovation Efficiency of Industrial Enterprises above a Designated Scale in China

To explore the technological innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises above designated size and its influencing factors under the China’s economic census industry classification, using the stochastic frontier approach to estimates the innovation efficiency of the 34 industry from 2008 to 2018. Taking the sales revenue of new products as the dependent variable, R&D capital stock and R&D personnel equivalent are taken as the independent variable, control variables are reasonably selected. The characteristics and influencing factors of innovation efficiency between industries are analyzed. The results show that the innovation efficiency of all industries in China is steadily improving, and the difference between industries is gradually narrowing. Industries with high innovation efficiency are related to future competition and national economy and people’s livelihood, while industries with low innovation efficiency are concentrated in mining and supply industry. The low input and low output industries are in the majority. The influence of innovation capital input on output is greater than that of personnel input. The proportion of state-owned property rights and capital constraints have a negative effect on innovation output, while the sales income has a positive effect on innovation output. Therefore, China should further improve the innovation efficiency of industrial industries, adopt classified policies, and increase the number of industries with low input and high output. The conclusion of the paper is of reference value to the development of China’s 14th five-year industry and the medium and long term planning.

PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DENGAN PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN KELOR BAGI IBU NIFAS

Children who experience a condition of failure to thrive can be seen by the difference in height where the child is lower than the child's height according to his age or commonly referred to as a stunted child, chronic malnutrition at the beginning of a child's life is the cause. Prevention of stunting in children is attempted on 1,000 HPK (First Day of Life) by giving special attention, one of which is through exclusive breastfeeding. The target for reducing stunting in 2018-2023 is based on the Regional Medium Term Plan (RPJMD) for Banyumas Regency by 15% in 2022. Meanwhile, the target for reducing stunting in Central Java Province for Banyumas Regency in 2022 is 18.1%. The incidence of stunting in Banyumas Regency in children under two years and children under five years is 406 people, pregnant women with a risk of stunting who require referrals are 1749 people and catin (prospective brides) who have a risk of stunting are 84 people. Miraceltree is a plant that has a high nutritional content in Indonesia, often called Moringa leaves with the scientific name Moringa Oleifera. Along with this, WHO indicates that Moringa leaves are an alternative food ingredient as an effort to deal with nutritional problems or malnutrition. The purpose of this research is to explore the benefits of Moringa leaves for postpartum mothers who are breastfeeding so that breast milk production increases so that their nutritional intake is fulfilled as a stunting prevention measure. The qualitative method was chosen in this study with a case study (Case Study). In-depth interviews were used in the study of data on ten postpartum mothers, one village midwife and one coordinating midwife for triangulation in the working area of the Kalibagor Health Center, Banyumas Regency. Lack of information is a factor in the low knowledge about the benefits of Moringa leaves and how to process them. Many general public assume that Moringa leaves are plants that are often found in the home environment and have no benefit in improving nutrition. Several factors influence the utilization of Moringa leaves, namely knowledge or understanding, information, culture, education from health workers (Nakes) and social media.

Scenario planning in national security management: methodological foundations

The article deals with the study of methodological problems of increasing the efficiency of planning and management of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation in context of uncertainty and risk. The results of the analysis of the main features of national security as a subject area and a complex object of public administration management are presented. The main features of management processes to ensure Russia's national security within the framework of closely interconnected external and internal contours of the subject area under consideration are highlighted. The analysis of the problems and tasks of planning as the central function of the national security management process, which determines the ways to achieve the goals set in the conditions of continuous changes in the external and internal environments, as well as the threats and challenges associated with them, is carried out. To improve the efficiency of managing processes to ensure national security, it is proposed to use a scenario approach, which provides the possibility to develop a complex of planning and management decisions taking into account the alternatives for the future events at the management object and in the external environment under uncertainty and risk. The basic strategies for using scenarios in the processes of long-term and medium-term planning are highlighted and the results of evaluating the effectiveness of various approaches to converting scenarios into concrete plans are presented. The results of the analysis showed that the use of the developed automation technology for scenario-forecast research based on the signed oriented graphs mathematical model as a means of information support for the decision-making processes significantly expands the possibilities of using the scenarios as the planning processes basis in order to increase the validity, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the developed plans and programs.

Strategic Planning for Infrastructure of Diyala Governorate: Water Sector

Infrastructure services are closely related to human life and development, as they are an essential indicator of the progress of life in countries. Infrastructure projects including the water sector are indeed the backbone of a country's economic development, providing many social, economic and environmental benefits. This paper aims to study the existing infrastructure (water sector) in Diyala Governorate, analyse the available data, prepare indicators of deficit ratios according to international standards, and propose possible solutions to address the problems in this sector. Data were collected for the water sector, which included the quantities of potable water supplied for the past eleven years. The results showed that the deficit rate in the water sector amounted to 32% in 2021, as evidenced by the deficit rates and the presence of clear deficiencies in the water sector in Diyala Governorate, and this deficiency does not result only from lack of availability, but rather due to a weak planning vision and the absence of future plans that take into account the increase in the governorate population. The results of predicting using simple linear regression using the Spss program version 26 showed that the demand for drinking water will reach 554,354 m³ per day in 2035. Three plans have been proposed to address the current deficit and future demand in the water sector, which is a short-term plan extending from 2022 to 2025, addressing 50% of the current deficit in 2021; A medium-term plan extending from 2022 to 2027 addresses the current deficit once and for all, and a long-term plan extending from 2022 to 2035 addresses the current deficit and future demand in the water sector.

Medium-term budget planning in the united territorial communities

Subject. The process of medium-term budget planning using the «Local Budget» software in Territorial Communities (TCs) to ensure rational planning and use of local budget funds. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the importance of medium-term budget planning to ensure sustainable economic and social development of the TC in the conditions of intensification of automation processes using special software. Methodology. During the study, evolutionary (while studying the evolution of medium-term budget planning implementation) and systemic (in the process of studying the medium-term budget planning algorithm at the local level) approaches were used, as well as the main methods of visualization of research results. The «Local Budget» software package was used. Results. The study is devoted to consideration of the medium-term budget planning algorithm in united territorial communities. A clear sequence of actions during the justification of the expediency of using the financial resources of the community budgets determines the accelerated development of TC. Planning income and expenses for the medium-term period makes it possible to study potential directions for increasing income part and more effective directions for using financial resources. Annual adjustment allows for reducing or making it impossible to spend ineffectively financial resources. Automation of medium-term budget planning is an important step towards compliance with the European principles of financial provision of the needs and interests of citizens. Practical implications. The results of the research can be used in such areas of scientific knowledge as finance, money and credit, pedagogy, and the economic and social sphere, which allows us to identify the priority directions of financial support for the population's standard of living in TC. Conclusions. Medium-term budget planning at the level of the local community is an important and necessary process that allows for a comprehensive approach during the rational use of limited financial resources for the medium-term period to meet the needs and interests of every member of the community. The chief managers of funds, thanks to local target development programs, control the process of performance indicators, which are an integral part of the budget process. Medium-term planning is carried out for the planned and two following budget periods. We remember that in the process of implementing medium-term budget planning, an annual cut of all local target programs of social and economic development of the TC is carried out to control the level of reasonableness of the calculation of budget resources for the medium-term perspective. High-quality medium-term budget planning ensures the fact of using the IPC «Local Budget» at the level of local financial institutions.

Organizational model of innovative update of production and marketing program at food enterprise

With tactical planning of production volumes and sales of products of a food enterprise and corresponding loading of its capacities, the developed program is more accurate than the strategic perspective. But during medium-term planning, it is necessary to consider changes in the nomenclature of manufactured products. Updating the range of products (product portfolio) requires planning the change and the receipt and expenditure of the necessary resources to implement these changes. This article aims to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of the organizational model of innovative renewal of the program of production and sale of products of a food enterprise. The model of the inter-organizational partnership of a food enterprise with a research organization involves the formation of a temporary integrated organizational structure of the program-target type, within which a program-target body is formed – a working group, the purpose of which is to develop and introduce new kinds of products to update the assortment. It is necessary to form an appropriate system of evaluation indicators of the efficiency of achieving goals and implementing tasks within the production and sales program management to evaluate the results of inter-organizational cooperation of a food enterprise with a research institution or an educational institution. The inter-organizational partnership of the food enterprise with research institutions and educational institutions allows its participants to solve the scientific and production-economic tasks. The food enterprise gets the opportunity to innovatively update the range of manufactured products, to optimize the costs of all types of resources for producing and selling products. Within the partnership framework, issues of implementation of projects of technical and technological renewal of production, the opening of new business areas (diversification), the performance of new forms of organization of processes at the enterprise, etc., can also be resolved. Keywords: food enterprises, organizational model, innovative renewal, crisis phenomena, product realization.

Ngemong Tradition In Madrasah Leadership Management in Madrasah

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the leadership of the head of Madrasah based on the management function that conceptualizes the tradition of ngemong in MA Taqwal IIah Tunggu Meteseh Tembalang Semarang. This type of research uses a qualitative case study approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, drawing conclusions. To check the validity of the data, the researchers used credibility and triangulation tests. The results of this study found that 1. The planning of the tradition of ngemong in the leadership of the Kamad at the Taqwal IIah Waiting for Meteseh Tembalang Semarang, a) The type of leadership of the head of the madrasah is a charismatic leadership type., b) Planning of the head of the madrasa begins by determining the medium-term plan and the long-term plan for the madrasa year. Then the plan was followed up with a madrasa work meeting. 2. Organizing the tradition of ngemong in the leadership of the Kamad at MA Taqwal IIah Waiting for Meteseh Tembalang Semarang, a) The way of organizing the head of the madrasa begins with carrying out work meetings related to the discussion of the madrasa program which is contained in the medium-term and long-term plans for the madrasa year., b) The headmaster Madrasah mandates the waka of curriculum and waka of student affairs to accommodate all madrasa activities or programs in accordance with their respective jobdesk. 3. Implementation of the tradition of ngemong in the leadership of Kamad at MA Taqwal IIahWait for Meteseh Tembalang Semarang, a) The head of the madrasah provides direction and primarily motivation to all madrasah residents, be it the teacher council, education staff, or to the students themselves., b) The madrasa head supervises and evaluate both those relating to the performance of teachers and education personnel, as well as all activities that have been and will be carried out by the madrasah.

ANALISIS PENATAAN PEMUKIMAN DI SENTANI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA

The handling of slum settlements has been mandated through Presidential Regulation No. 18 of 2020 concerning the 2020-2024 National Medium Term Plan Development Plan (RPJMN). Sentani City as the center of government in Jayapura Regency also needs to make arrangements for existing slum settlements. This was followed up through the Decree of the Regent of Jayapura Regency No. 188.4/332 of 2020 concerning Determination of the Location of Slum Housing and Slum Settlement in Jayapura Regency in 2020. This study aims to identify and analyze the condition of slum settlements in Jayapura Regency and develop strategies and handling them. Primary data collection was done through direct observation, documentation and field interviews. Secondary data through coordination with related parties, information through the media and related research journals. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results showed that there were 49.09% of houses that were uninhabitable, only 10.38% of drinking water was provided for households, there were 3,655 households that had not been served by electricity, still high house construction and construction without environmental impact analysis and building permit regulations, unavailability of public cemeteries owned by local governments, high cases of land grabbing and blocking, many environmental roads are in a damaged condition, inadequate drainage in residential areas, there are still many lands and lands that have not been certified and land management has not been optimal. The strategy and handling of slum settlements in Jayapura Regency is referring to the Jayapura Regency's 2017-2022 medium-term development vision, potential area of Jayapura Regency, the problem of the uneven distribution pattern of infrastructure and facilities in the Jayapura Regency area and the prospect of developing new residential areas..

Manajemen Strategik Gerakan Sekolah Menyenangkan Dalam Mewujudkan Profil Pelajar Pancasila

Research Objectives :(1) To find out the strategic management planning of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila student profile; (2) To find out the strategic management process of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila Student profile; (3) To compile a strategic management evaluation of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila Student profile. The method used is descriptive, data obtained through interviews, document study and observation. The results of the study show that the strategic management of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila student profile is carried out in three stages, namely: planning, implementation and evaluation. Strategic management planning is carried out superiorly by identifying opportunities and threats from outside as well as strengths and weaknesses from within the school or analyzing the external and internal environment, determining the GSM strategy; Explanation of the vision, mission and objectives that have been implemented as well as identification of short, medium and long term plans. Implementation is carried out by determining academic planning in schools including compiling and implementing programs, compiling budgets, motivating educators and education staff, allocating human resources so that the strategies that have been implemented can be implemented and developing a school culture that supports the fun school movement strategy in realizing student profiles pancasila. Management evaluation is carried out in three ways, namely direct evaluation of school programs or activities, evaluation of the academic field and evaluation meetings.

An Examination of the Effectiveness of Economic Recovery and Growth Plan in Nigeria

Right from the independence and especially since the return to democratic governance in 1999, the successive governments in Nigeria have made concerted efforts in economic and development planning. Nigeria’s quest for a sustainable development roadmap has been a torturous one since independence with various plans and policies developed to fast-track the economy. However, no meaningful change has been witnessed thus making all successive governments come up with different development blueprints on how to rejig the economy. The Buhari Administration has come up with the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP), a Medium-Term Plan for 2017-2020 which was built on the Strategic Implementation Plan (SIP) to restore economic growth while leveraging the ingenuity and resilience of the Nigerian people. It is sufficient to say that the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) was a medium-term, all-around developmental initiative that focused on restoring growth, investing in people, and building a globally competitive economy. The main objective of this paper is to examine the performance of the plan as a developmental state paradigm for “Nigeria's economic recovery”. Data were generated from secondary sources. The study revealed that, even though ERGP was implemented properly, its expected positive impact on GDP growth, reduction of inflation, and unemployment is not satisfactory. Accordingly, restructuring of the economy through diversification needs to be seriously sustained in Nigeria.
 Keywords: Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP), Nigerian Populace, Strategic Implementation Plan, Nigerian Economy, Development Planning

CLEAN DRINKING WATER AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE

Water is one of the most important and vital substance on earth. Without water, there would be no life on this planet (earth). Around 20% of the human population planet has access to quality drinking water. Pakistan is listed 6 th highly populated country on the earth having about 207.81 million individuals. Punjab is the most populated province of Pakistan with 110 million people. Contamination of drinking water is the most burning issue of the country. Industrialization, increase in population, intermixing of sewer in pipelines of drinking water and improper utilization of water compromise the quality and decrease the quantity of water. The physical, chemical and biological parameters of water have great detrimental effects on health. Water borne diseases in Pakistan are typhoid, diarrhea, cholera etc. The impact of poor sanitation and hygiene also have adverse effect on tourism, thereby affecting the economy of the country. Government Departments and Agencies are actively working through different interventions like chlorination to ensure facility of clean and quality drinking water to people. Chlorination is a process which is adopted to inactivate pathogens in water. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) and Punjab Food Authority (PFA) conduct sampling and testing of the bottled water companies on periodical basis. Government of Punjab has established Aab-e-Pak Authority under Punjab Aab-e-Pak Act, 2019 for the provision of clean, safe and quality drinking water. Punjab Water Act, 2019, a comprehensive law on the subject has been passed but not implemented. Pakistan is also facing water insufficiency, water quality deterioration and demolition of freshwater resources. The world best practices regarding clean drinking water have also been analyzed. Keeping this in view, the short term, medium term and long term plans have been devised for the provision of clean and quality drinking water and improved sanitation facilities to the masses.

Feasible Technology for Augmented Reality in Fashion Retail by Implementing a Virtual Fitting Room

Augmented Reality has become a bridge from the virtual to the real world. This technology has been an implementable choice for fashion companies to provide more information and customization for their user's shopping experience. From the COVID-19 pandemic alongside technological globalization, fashion industries have to find a new way for customers to purchase products. All things considered, AR helped fashion industries keep customers attracted and satisfied. This paper is conducted in a Systematic Literature Review manner to review and compare the AR technologies used by fashion industries. Furthermore, the result would be a proposition of which Augmented Reality technology or platform option is feasible and implementable for the fashion industry. After comparing the technologies used in past papers and their technical and economic feasibility, we propose a 3-term plan. The short-term plan with zero cost and mobile platform-focused application, the medium-term plan with an upgraded version of the garment object from 2D images to 3D objects, and the long-term plan changing the platform used from mobile to a new device. We also conclude that artificial intelligence can also support and improve the augmented reality experience for customers in the fashion retail industry by implementing an AI-powered virtual assistant.

САМАРКАНДСКИЙ САММИТ ШОС: ПОДГОТОВКА, ИТОГИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫХ УСИЛИЙ

The article is about the summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation held on September 15–16, 2022, in Samarkand (the Republic of Uzbekistan) and attended by the leaders of its member states. The author’s outline of the progress and results of the summit is preceded by an overview of one-year presidency by the Republic of Uzbekistan at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation since September 2021. The article lists the key events held within the Organisation in 2021–2022 (meeting of the SCO member states, People’s Diplomacy and Regional Leaders’ Forums, economic forum and numerous ministerial meetings of the SCO member states, development of conceptual programmes and medium-term plans and so on), a brief analysis of their results is given, and an evaluation is made for the results of what was done during the year. Moreover, the author summarises the work of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation chaired by Uzbekistan from a wider political perspective, since the organisation, like the rest of Greater Eurasia, was seriously influenced by political conflicts of 2021–2022. It also remains relevant for the analysis of the Samarkand summit itself. In considering the event the author pays special attention to the phenomenon of “Samarkand Spirit”, which implies cooperating based on the principles of mutual respect and trust for the security and prosperity of Greater Eurasia and the world. The paper addresses the agenda of Samarkand summit, meetings of the SCO leaders in private and extended formats, numerous bilateral and multilateral discussions at the highest level, as well as the main SCO documents approved and adopted at the summit in Samarkand, and describes importance of the next meeting of the SCO leaders for further development of international relations in Greater Eurasia and in the world.

Towards Long Term Development in Kenya: A Policy Analysis

Background: “Kenya vision 2030” policy was launched in 2008, with the objectives of reducing poverty and enhancing wealth distribution equitably. The aim of this paper is to analyse the policy and assess its implementation for policy recommendations on effective strategies for eradicating poverty in all its forms, including extreme poverty in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Subjects and Method: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Medline, CINAL and Google Scholar where both key terms and free text search were conducted. The triangle of policy framework was utilized to determine the relevant actors, context, content, and process. The Stages Heuristic model was applied to assess the levels of agenda setting, legitimacy, feasibility, and support for the policy, while the three dimensions of the Kingdon’s model, streams of problem, policy and politics established whether a window of opportunity was created in agenda setting. Results: The context revealed social-economic factors, ethnic violence, and both local and international pressure upon the Government to act. The main actors were the Government, development assistance partners, local and international experts, NGO’s, the civil society and the private sector. Content refers to a long-term development policy implemented through consecutive five-year Medium-Term Plans (MTP). The process showed that The Kenya vision 2030 reached the political agenda because of a policy window, and high support, feasibility, and legitimacy by all the stakeholders.