Medical College Students Research Articles

Prevalence of smoking and consumption of nicotine-containing products among students of medical and technical universities (PROTECT)

BACKGROUND: The article presents data of the study “Prevalence of smoking and consumption of nicotine-containing products among students of medical and technical universities” (PROTEСT), carried out in 2023 at North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov and Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University (LETI) named after V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin).
 AIM: To study the prevalence and patterns of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products, attitudes to smoking behaviour.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of student groups included 1105 respondents.
 RESULTS: The average age of respondents was 20.7 ± 2.0 years, 44.3% were men. 6.8% of participants smoked cigarettes; more often men than women (9.4 vs. 4.7%, p 0.01). The prevalence of nicotine-containing products consumption was 15.7%. There were no differences by gender (men 15.7% and women 15.8%). The use of a combination of cigarettes and nicotine-containing products was noted by 6.6% of students, which led to increase the tobacco smokers number to 13.4%; and the number of people consuming nicotine-containing products to 22.4%. The main reason for starting smoking/consuming nicotine-containing products was the example of friends (in 35.8 and 34% of cases). The reason for the start of smoking and consuming nicotine-containing products were problems in school and family among 21.1% of women and 6.6% of men (p 0.05), and nicotine-containing products by 16.0% of women and 5.7% of men (p 0.05). The majority of consumers of cigarettes and nicotine-containing products combination (38.4%) use them in a 20/80 ratio. Among the respondents, the proportion of smoking relatives is 40.3%, friends — 66.2%, classmates/dormitory neighbors — 71.9%.
 CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in tobacco smoking and an increase in the proportion of people using nicotine-containing products and their combination with tobacco, as well as the absence of gender differences in nicotine-containing products consumption, indicates a change in the smoking behavior of students and increases the risk of developing nicotine addiction and harmful health consequences. Differences in the motivation for starting smoking/using nicotine-containing product among men and women requires more detailed study.

Особенности восприятия научного текста студентами медицинского университета: психолингвистический эксперимент

The article highlights a psycholinguistic experiment performed to describe the process of perception, understanding and generation of a scientific text by students of a medical university. Research texts and scientific communication are media of the institutional discourse and communication. The text, in this case, is addressed in its dynamic state, thus correlating with cognitive processes of understanding and perception. The text, being a powerful tool of speech influence, allows evaluating and analyzing diverse types of cognitive activity of its recipients. The study is of current interest, since, as reported, modern ways of communication disseminated through mass media and social networks result in decreased cognitive and analytical abilities of young people. All of the above determined the purpose and objectives of the study: to describe the process of scientific communication the participants of which are medical university students; to consider features of perceiving a scientific text by this category of readers, to specify models of understanding a scientific text. The experiment consisted of two stages: the stage of material collection using the countertext approach developed by A.I. Novikov, and the stage of processing and analysing the material obtained. To evaluate appropriateness of the stimulus text to the experimental conditions, we analysed the text quantitatively and qualitatively using the RuLingva text analyzer according to the criteria of “readability”, “informativeness”, “abstractness”, “complexity”. The analysis of the material obtained allowed describing the strategies and models used by the medical students in the process of scientific communication. The most frequent reactions were the reactions of a meaningful nature corresponding to the stages of cognitive activity – “paraphrasing”, “statement”, “generalization”, “association”; also new reactions were described: “recommendation”, “disapproval”, “empathy”, “indifference” – their manifestation may be due to the presence of “medical experience” among the participants of the experiment.

Factors Associated with the Myopia Degree in Students

Purpose: to identify the most significant factors associated with myopic refraction in medical university students, which can be used for early prediction and prevention of myopia.Materials and methods. The survey data of students of 1–6 courses of Kazan State Medical University and the data on refraction of patients’ eyes obtained from the “Medical record of a patient receiving medical care on an outpatient basis” (registration form No. 025/y) were used. The refraction of the eye in each of the participants was calculated as the average value of the spherical equivalent of the right and left eyes.Results. According to the ophthalmologist’s examination, myopia was detected in 219 (69 %) of the surveyed students. 134 (42 %) students had mild myopia, 66 (21 %) had moderate myopia, 19 (6 %) were highly myopic. Among myopes, 73 % of students wear glasses (160/219), contact lenses — 41 % of respondents (90/219). The median age of onset of spectacle wear was 13 years (Q1–Q3 = 10–26). The median refraction of the right eye (D) was -2.50 D (Q1–Q3 = -1.5…-4.0), the left eye -2.75 D (Q1–Q3 = -1.6…-4.0). The early age of onset of spectacle wear is the factor most significantly associated with myopic refraction (+0.23 D/year, p = 1.30×10-11), and an important prognostic sign of the development of high myopia. Factors associated with stronger myopic refraction are high height and low weight, as well as less physical activity.Conclusion. It is necessary to take into account the anthropometric and behavioral features of the patient when developing an individual plan for the prevention and treatment of myopia, in order to avoid the development of complications leading to vision loss.

Impact of Classic Music Intervention on Anxiety Levels of Medical Students during Online Learning on COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Situation of COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health problem and has caused public health anxiety, especially for medical students. Anxiety disorder experienced by a person can be treated by pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapy. One of many procedures of non-pharmacological treatments that can be done is by intervening in western classical instrumental music. According to existing studies, music interventions are known to have the effect of providing calm, elevating mood, and making a person feel more relaxed. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of receptive western classical instrumental music intervention in overcoming anxiety disorders in preclinical medical students of FKIK Atma Jaya University during online classroom learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study was an experimental study composed of a single group with a research design of pre-test and post-test done by 78 medical students from FKIK UnikaAtma Jaya Batch 2021. The measuring instrument used was the GAD-7 questionnaire. The data analysis performed was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.Results: There were 78 respondents, with the majority aged 17-18 years old. The majority gender was female (61.54%). Most of the respondents were in the upper socioeconomic class (84.62%). The 78.21% of students live with their parents. Bivariate analysis showed a decrease in student anxiety before and after the music intervention. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between anxiety level and place of residence.Conclusion: Western instrumental classical music can reduce anxiety in medical students of FKIK UnikaAtma Jaya Batch of 2021 during online learning.

ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO DISMENORE PRIMER DAN DISMENORE SEKUNDER PADA MAHASISWI

While the incidence of dysmenorrhea is relatively high worldwide, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea reported in the literature varies substantially. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. This research is a cross analytical design. The sample in this study was all medical faculty students at Riau University in 2019-2022, namely 410 people. From the research results, it was found that there was a relationship between menstrual blood volume, history of food allergies and stress with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea. Meanwhile, the incidence of secondary dysmenorrhea was related to age, menstrual cycle, history of the sample's gestational age at birth, history of low birth weight (LBW), history of emotional violence, stress and birth history of samples from preeclamptic mothers at the time of delivery. This research concluded that there were several significant findings regarding factors related to the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in Riau University medical students in 2019 - 2022. The research showed the importance of paying attention to factors such as the length of the menstrual cycle, history of food allergies, history of emotional violence, stress, and history of maternal preeclampsia in efforts to prevent and manage dysmenorrhea in the population. It is recommended that future research further explore the association between the identified risk factors and the incidence of dysmenorrhea, potentially revealing additional insights to guide clinical practice and public health initiatives.

Frequency of DÉJÀ VU Experience and Its Relationship with Stress in Students of The Medical University of Islamabad

Objective: This research aims to evaluate the frequency of déjà vu experience in medical students and its relationship with stress along with different prognostic factors that lead to déjà vu experience. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Foundation University Islamabad over 4 months from May 2023 to August 2023. The sample size (239) was calculated using open Epi software with a previous prevalence of 67%. Stratified random sampling was used to select students. Data was collected through a questionnaire containing demographic variables from a validated déjà vu inventory and stress tool. Analysis was done on a validated déjà vu inventory and perceived stress scale 10. SPSS 26 was used to assess the relationship between stress and the frequency of déjà vu using the chi-square test, with statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: 89.2% of the participants reported that they had experienced this sensation at least once in their life. The most popular ways this feeling happened were in a certain place or a certain situation. The association between stress and Déjà vu experiences was found to be significant(p-value 0.012) Conclusion: 89.2% of the participants reported that they had experienced Déjà vu sensation at least once. There was a significant association between stress among medical university students and Déjà vu experience. Keywords: Déjà vu, Stress, Familiarity, Sensation, Epilepsy, Dopamine.

ДИКОРАСТУЩАЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ ФЛОРА БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО САДА КАЗАНСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В СВОЕМ МНОГООБРАЗИИ

Botanical gardens are unique natural islands in which floristic compositions are concentrat-ed, many of which are living natural monuments. Each botanical garden in the world has its own unique flavor, color, scientific and cultural value. The gardens are a place to study wild plants that grow in their natural surroundings, creating amazing landscapes and biodiversity. Botanical gardens concentrate the species and varietal diversity of plants, create collections of medicinal and rare species, cultivate and acclimatize imported specimens. Plants of the bo-tanical garden are actively used in the educational process by students and teachers of Kazan Medical University. On the basis of the botanical garden, students of pharmaceutical special-ties undergo summer internships, and the educational process in botany and pharmacognosy is supplemented with rich visual material. During educational practice, students are taught a scientific and ecological worldview, a caring attitude towards plants and the entire natural environment as a whole. Excursions, lectures and other events are held for students of medi-cal colleges, university students, as well as the general public, the purpose of which is to in-crease the level of knowledge about medicinal plants and the plant world in general. Another important component of wild flora in botanical gardens are endemics - plants that grow only in a specific region. The study of endemics helps to understand the unique ecosystems and natural processes occurring in different parts of the planet. Botanical gardens play an im-portant role in the conservation of wild plants that may be under threat due to human impacts on the environment. They serve as a site for the study and conservation of vulnerable species, as well as for scientific research into their biology, ecology and pharmaceutical significance.

Решение физических задач как инструмент формирования профессиональных компетенций врача и провизора

Solving physical problems can be considered as a goal and method of teaching. Insufficient fundamental knowledge of medical university students will not allow them to meet modern requirements of medical science. The choice of physics tasks, the content of which is focused on the future profession, contributes to the formation of professional and general cultural competencies of a doctor and a pharmacist. It is reasonable to use such tasks in different types of classes: seminars, laboratory workshops, colloquiums. Motivation is increased by selecting tasks taking into account the future medical specialty and identifying interdisciplinary connections. The article provides examples of tasks in accordance with the goals set during the lesson.

The relationship between appearance anxiety and depression among students in a medical university in China: a serial multiple mediation model.

Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students. With 13 invalid samples excluded, 724 college students participated in our survey and completed questionnaires. The average age of 724 samples was 19.8 ± 2.02 including freshman to senior year and graduate school and above; 31.9% of the participants were male and 68.1% were female. SPSS 25.0 and Hayes' PROCESS macro were used for statistical description, correlation analysis and built multiple mediation models. Appearance anxiety can not only directly affect depression, but also indirectly affect depression through three significant mediating pathways: (1) IS (B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.082-0.132]), which accounted for 49.77% of the total effect, (2) SS (B = 0.018, 95% CI [0.008-0.031]), which accounted for 8.45% of the total effect, and (3) IS and SS (B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.003-0.014]), which accounted for 3.76% of the total effect. And the total mediating effect was 61.97%. It is a cross-sectional research method and the causal relationship is unclear. This study found that lower interpersonal sensitivity and higher social support can effectively reduce depression caused by appearance anxiety among college students. The schools and relevant departments should take measures to reduce the interpersonal sensitivity of college students and establish reliable social support, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression.

Sleep habits and its associated factors among medical students of a medical college in Telangana, India

Abstract Background: Sleep is vital for cognitive function and physical and mental well-being. Medical students are prone to reduced sleep because of extensive curriculum, competitive exam, tireless night duties, fear of failure, and countless other responsibilities. Objective: This study aims to assess the sleep quality and daytime sleepiness and to determine their associated factors related to poor sleep quality among medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 435 students among undergraduates and postgraduates in Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, from January 2023 to April 2023. After obtaining informed consent, the data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, in which sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, respectively. The collected data were entered into Excel sheet and exported to SPSS V 20. Data analysis was done using Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness were present in 297 (68.3%) and 105 (24.1%) students, respectively. Department of postgraduates, smoking, mobile phone use, academic performance, tea, coffee intake, and excessive daytime sleepiness had a significant association with poor sleep quality. Excessive daytime sleep and sleep quality had strong positive correlation (r = 0.823). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was quite high among medical students. Daytime sleepiness was predominant among students with poor sleep.

The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Disordered Eating Attitudes Among Two Cohorts of Undergraduate Students in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: This study aimed to assess and compare the frequency of Internet Addiction (IA) and Disordered Eating Attitudes (DEA) among medical and non-medical university students in Karachi, Pakistan, and examine their relationship. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and non-medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. Two hundred students completed a socio-demographic questionnaire along with validated questionnaires: the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) for IA assessment and the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) for measuring eating attitudes and behaviors. Results: No significant difference was found in IA levels between the two groups. However, non-medical students (46.5%, n=93) were significantly more at risk of DEA compared to medical students (45.5%, n=91) (p-value=0.043). A significant positive correlation was observed between IA and DEA (r = 0.599, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights a positive correlation between IA and disordered eating attitudes. Non-medical students are particularly at risk of developing such attitudes. Future research should delve into the factors contributing to both IA and DEA.

Phenomenon of Psychological Well-Being in the Context of Medical Students’ Satisfaction with Educational Activities

Introduction. Preservation and strengthening of mental and psychological health of students is one of the priority tasks of development of modern professional education in Russia. However, the recent studies into psychological well-being of medical students have shown an average and low level of its formation. The discovered problem is complicated by the lack of studies that would show the relationship between the peculiarities of the organization of the university educational environment and the satisfaction with the learning activities of students. This is important for the development and practical realization of optimal conditions for the formation of psychological well-being of medical university students. The aim of the study is to determine the specifics of the state of psychological well-being of medical university students in connection with the level of their satisfaction with learning. Materials and Methods. First, second and fifth-year medical students participated in the servey. The following diagnostic tools were used: “Scale of psychological well-being” (K. Riff) and “Questionnaire of satisfaction with educational activities” (L. V. Mishchenko). The analysis of the results of the study revealed statistically significant correlations between the scales of satisfaction with the educational activities of medical university students and their psychological well-being. Results. The analysis of the results of the study revealed statistically significant correlations between the scales of satisfaction with learning activities of medical students and their psychological well-being. Second-year students demonstrated high indicators of psychological well-being, the lowest ones were found in fifth-year students. The obtained results create prerequisites for comprehension of the process of optimizing the educational environment of medical school, focused on the preservation and promotion of mental health of students. Discussion and Conclusion. The conclusions of this study can be useful for the management corps of the university in order to develop and implement optimal psychological and pedagogical conditions for the organization of the educational environment and increase the level of satisfaction in the student community with all components of the structure of learning activities as one of the main conditions for the development of psychological well-being of young people.

Challenges of Online Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic Faced by 3rd and 4th Year Medical Students of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka

Background: Online education is a form of education where students use their home computers through the internet staying away from academic institutions. Due to the emergence of the pandemic of COVID-19, the whole world is experiencing number of huge deaths along with widespread panic and uncertainty. Countries of the world are trying to fill the gap and minimize the losses of students caused by the ongoing pandemic. Objective: This study mainly explores the challenges of online medical education during COVID-19 pandemic faced by 3rd and 4th year medical students of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from January 2021 to December 2021. A weblink of survey was shared with 439 3rd and 4th year medical students and 309 responses were obtained. Data were collected by using pretested semi structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview and by online google form due to COVID-19 pandemic situation and sample were collected by purposive sampling. Result: Among 309 respondents, 60.2% were female and 39.8% were male, 95.8% respondents were Bangladeshi, 46.3% respondents’ family income were around 30000 taka, 64.4% respondents lived in city, 22% respondents faced some challenges regarding internet connection, 8.41% respondents faced knowledge about internet browsing, 5.18% respondents faced problem regarding time management and 3.8% respondents faced problem about the adaptation of new method of learning. Despite these challenges 59.2% of the respondents reported positive response about beneficial effect of online classes and half (52.8%) of the respondents were satisfied with online classes. Conclusion: In medical education face-to-face education is essential. But due to lockdown there was no scope of practical and face to face education during COVID-19 pandemic situation. This study showed that there were some positive and negative impacts of online education. Eastern Med Coll J. July 2023; 8 (2): 7-12

SOME METHODS OF SHAPING OF THE RHETORICAL SPEECH GENRES IN THE LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL STUDENTS ON THE RUSSIAN CLASSES

The article analyzes the issues of methodology of training Russian language of international students in medical educational programs. Special attention is paid to the role of text as an effective learning tool, which is an important aspect of this field of work. The text is considered in the context of the communicative method and represents the result of speech activity and oral reproduction of speech in situations where different speech genres are used. The research focuses on the importance of including rhetorical speech genres in the foreign linguistic training of Russian language of the first and second year medical students in Kokshetau Shokan Ualikhanov University. The authors suggest that this approach contributes to successful communication in educational and future professional spheres. Modern speech genres for foreign language students are presented. The subject matter of these genres is determined by the peculiarities of students' linguistic picture of the world. In the process of transition from the first to the second year of study the main components of speech genres in the student's linguistic consciousness were revealed. The results of the comparison of the peculiarities of the use of rhetorical speech genres by international students of Medicine School in the educational and professional spheres at the initial stage of activity are also presented. Key words: speech genre, rhetorical genre, text, discourse, model, training content.

INITIAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CREDIT-MODULE SYSTEM OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ORGANIZATION AND ATTITUDE OF MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS TO IT

The training of a mid-level healthcare professional involves studying a significant number of different subjects and assimilating a large amount of information in a short period of time. The credit-modular system of educational process organization according to the standards of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) of education provides good prospects for the implementation of this task, ensuring the acquisition of relevant knowledge and competencies, which is necessary in the context of competition on the global labour market and innovative development of society.
 The purpose of the study was to find out and analyse the opinions of students, academic and teaching staff of Physiology department, their attitude and suggestions regarding the implementation of ECTS at the Professional Medical College of IFNMU, where this system started working since 2021.
 Materials and methods. An anonymous survey was carried to achieve the set objectives. Separate questionnaires were drawn up for students and teachers, which included questions about their attitude to teaching disciplines (including Physiology) in accordance with the ECTS principles, its positive and negative aspects, wishes and suggestions for improving the educational process organization and other items. In total, the questionnaires contained eight questions for teachers and sixteen for students.
 Results. The analysis of the survey results gives grounds to assert that not all students of the Medical College are fully ready to the study based on ECTS at the moment, transition from passive to active forms of it, where individual and creative work is preferred. Actually, in our opinion one of the key problematic issues of the credit transfer system of education is that students are not entirely focused on the priority of independent learning of the curriculum material and a significant part of extracurricular learning in it. Also most students consider that the amount of material assigned for independent study is too much. On the other hand, our teaching experience shows that they do not always work through the topics properly, although there are consultation hours during extracurricular time, where students can discuss unclear questions with the teacher. The attitude to test control as an integral part of the educational process and one of the methods of students’ knowledge evaluation is ambiguous. Among the positive aspects of ECTS education the most often are noted the following: constant and versatile preparation for classes, a better evaluation system, the possibility of retaking unsatisfactory marks, which is an important additional motivation to improve the level of knowledge from the subject and improve academic performance.
 Conclusions. As a result, the following conclusions can be drawn: a) as of today, the perception of the IFNMU Medical College students the credit-modular system of education, their readiness and attitude to it are quite ambiguous with the corresponding positive and negative aspects; b) there is an evidently need for further work to improve the training of both students and teachers, optimisation of their collaboration and creation a closer relationship between them; c) it is necessary, in our opinion, on the one hand, to preserve maximally the positive achievements of the national education system, on the other hand – to use effectively the experience of European countries. This will create the basis for training a qualified, mobile, creative specialist of mid-level healthcare.

Evaluation of Awareness and Perception of Clear Aligner Orthodontic Treatment Among Students of Hawler Medical University.

Background and Objectives: The growing emphasis on appearance has led to an increased interest in orthodontic treatment among adults, particularly those who are highly self-conscious about their looks. Clear Aligner Therapy, a nearly invisible and effective method for aligning teeth, represents the latest generation of aesthetic orthodontic treatments. This study aims to assess the awareness and perception of Clear Aligner Therapy among students at Hawler Medical University. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire comprising four sections: demographics, general dental and orthodontic awareness, knowledge of Clear Aligner Therapy and Fixed Orthodontic Therapy, and optional comments and questions. Results: A total of 383 participants, with an average age of 20.54 years, completed the questionnaire. The majority (89.6%) were Kurds and 63.2% females. Among the participants, 68.2% had visited a dentist as needed, 72.3% had family members with malocclusions, 41% had sought orthodontic consultation. Additionally, 86.2% were familiar with Fixed Orthodontic Therapy, 63.2% had heard of Clear Aligners, 30.5% had undergone orthodontic treatment, and 8.5% individuals had received Clear Aligner Therapy. Conclusion: The knowledge level of Hawler Medical University students regarding Clear Aligner Therapy was determined to be moderate. Despite the fact that they possessed a general understanding of its characteristics and application, their involvement in the treatment and its procedures was limited. Previous orthodontic treatments recipients', satisfaction with their smile, overall concern about teeth, previous orthodontic consultation, and knowledge of Fixed Orthodontic Therapy all notably demonstrated significant associations with the awareness of Clear Aligner Therapy. Keywords: Clear Aligner, Orthodontic treatment, Esthetic treatment, Awareness, Perception, Hawler Medical University.

Complications Following COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination in Libyan International Medical University Students and Their Families

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel strain of coronavirus belonging to the genus Beta coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a major pandemic worldwide. This contagious virus had spread in many different forms, and patients have demonstrated a wide range of symptoms, ranging from moderate to severe illness. This study aims to highlight the important associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and possible complications at the Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among students and their families at Libyan International Medical University in Benghazi, Libya. Among the 100 participants, 72% were between the ages of 18 and 39. Up to (59%) of participants were men. As for the infection with COVID-19, 77% of participants were infected. Most of the participants had no chronic diseases (69%); however, the most common chronic disease was diabetes mellitus (13%). 82% of participants were vaccinated; the most common types of vaccines administered were Sinopharm and Sputnik V (24%). Following vaccination, 71% of participants had no COVID-19 infection, while 29% did get the infection. Regarding this study, after COVID-19 infection, 66% of participants had no complications; however, 17% had pulmonary complications, which was the most common complication among the participants. As for the complications following the vaccination, 81% of participants had none, while there were pulmonary and neurological complications in 7–6%. The results of the study showed that the most frequent complications noticed among the participants following the COVID-19 infection and vaccination were pulmonary and neurological complications.

Development and Initial Validation of the Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students.

This study presents the steps taken to develop and collect initial validity evidence for the Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students. The instrument was based on a 7-step survey design; validity evidence was collected from content, response process, internal structure, and relationship to other variables. A literature review and qualitative interviews led to the design of the initial 16-item scale. Expert review and cognitive interviewing led to minor modifications in the original structure. Initial pilot testing was conducted in August 2019 in Uniformed Services University (USU) medical students; reliability assessment and exploratory factor analysis were performed. The revised 12-item scale was tested in January 2022 in Duke University School of Medicine medical students; reliability assessment, exploratory factor analysis, and correlation analysis with depression, burnout, anxiety, emotional thriving, and emotional well-being were performed. A total of 336 of 678 USU students (50%) and 106 of 522 Duke students (20%) completed the survey. Initial exploratory factor analysis of the USU data revealed 1 factor (shame), and 4 items were dropped from the scale according to predefined rules. Subsequent exploratory factor analysis of the Duke data revealed 1 factor; no further items were removed according to predefined rules. Internal consistent reliability was 0.95, and all interitem correlations were less than 0.85 for USU and Duke samples. As predicted, mean shame scale scores were positively correlated with anxiety ( r = 0.54, P < .001), burnout ( r = 0.50, P < .001), and depression ( r = 0.47, P < .001) and negatively correlated with emotional thriving ( r = -0.46, P < .001) and emotional recovery ( r = -0.46, P < .001). The Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students is a psychometrically sound instrument with strong internal reliability and multisource validity evidence, supporting its use in studying shame in medical students.

Evaluation and associated factors of public health emergency management among medical college students in a city in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundColleges and universities face an increased risk of public health emergencies. Among them, medical colleges and universities deserve more attention as they serve as the play a fundamental role in providing public health emergency services and in cultivating medical professionals. Effectively managing infectious disease prevention and control, as well as responding to public health emergencies in medical colleges and universities, is of great importance for enhancing the capacity of social emergency governance and improving the completeness of the public health system. This study aims to understand the management of public health emergencies in medical colleges in a city in southwest China, explore the factors associated with medical college students’ evaluations, and provide recommendations for emergency management mechanisms in colleges and universities.MethodsIn total, 781 medical college students were selected through stratified random sampling and surveyed using a questionnaire. The main factors affecting students’ evaluation of emergency management were analyzed using multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling.ResultsThe overall emergency management situation in medical colleges was relatively complete, with satisfactory results. Medical college students’ satisfaction with the timeliness of prevention measures was the highest, while the publicity and education were the lowest. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that grades, emergency education, -simulation training, -information reporting, and dynamic adjustment measures were associated with the evaluation of emergency management by medical students.ConclusionsAlthough the evaluation of emergency management in medical colleges was generally positive, certain limitations still existed. To improve the development of the public health system, colleges and universities should constantly reform and innovate emergency management mechanisms according to the important links in the prevention and control processes.

COVID-19 vaccination and potential predictors for vaccination among students in Bulgarian medical universities

University students, especially those in healthcare sciences, are of particular importance in COVID-19 vaccine views since their future careers will allow them to educate citizens regarding vaccination. The study examined COVID-19 immunisation coverage, behaviours, and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines among students in Bulgarian medical universities. A prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in September 2021- January 2022. Demographics, university programme, year of study, general vaccine attitudes and behaviour, and personal experience with COVID-19 and vaccines were collected. The chi-square test was used to test for associations and binominal logistic regression to identify possible predictors for vaccination. A total of 3050 students with a median age of 22 years, predominantly female participated. Three-quarters of the students (73.5%) have been vaccinated against COVID-19. An association was found between COVID-19 vaccination and influenza vaccination in the previous season (χ2 = 67.15, p < 0.001) as well as the intention to receive the flu vaccine in the current season (χ2 = 142.83, p < 0.001). Vaccine hesitation mainly stemmed from fear of side effects and safety concerns, but non-vaccinated students voiced them more often. Respondents who were less likely to be vaccinated considered themselves to have: (a) limited access to sufficient information to allow them to make an informed decision to vaccinate against COVID-19; (b) lack of public awareness and education campaigns about COVID-19 vaccines; (c) insufficient information about COVID-19 vaccines during university education that would allow them to make an informed decision to vaccinate; and (d) had a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. Informational initiatives that emphasise vaccine safety will boost COVID-19 immunisation coverage.