Higher Medical Educational Institutions Research Articles

Enriching the content of foreign medical students’ independent work by on-line courses on the edX platform

The article explores the benefits of using computer technology in the educational process and emphasizes their ability to increase the motivation of foreign medical students to study. Using the latest technologies in the educational process is a demand of time. Intensifying the interest to the discipline and improving the quality and level of knowledge of students is the purpose of such using. The necessity and importance of on-line education at the current stage of society development is substantiated. Using effective techniques and methods of online learning, creating a variety of online courses, engaging students in an independent creative process – this is the optimal way to update the internal reserves of the educational process. The role of students' independent work in the educational process is determined. It is moticed that the independent work of students requires the same organization and methodological support as the traditional class work. The peculiarities of the content of independent work of foreign medical students are revealed and their communicative needs are determined. In accordance with the subjects of the educational programs for specialists in the field of knowledge 22 "Health care", specialty 222 "Medicine" and according to the communication needs, EDX on-line platform was selected and created for creating and implementing online special courses for independent work of foreign students at different stages of study. The structure of individual online special courses is analyzed, the purpose, tasks and results of each of them are highlighted. The subject, distribution of classes, structure, linguistic, speech and communication material of the on-line special course "Introduction to the specialty: scientific speech" are characterized. The specificity, orientation, purpose and specifics of the task of the on-line special course "Professional communication: doctor – patient" are revealed. The conclusions about the necessity and appropriateness of the application of the specified online special courses in the process of preparation of foreign students in medical institutions of higher education.

FOSTERING THE CULTURE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF FUTURE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Reforms in the higher medical education and its integration into the European educational context set high demands to healthcare professionals who will be able to develop their potential productively and counteract the negative impacts of occupational factors with the least damage to the health. Therefore, a special attention in the system of medical students’ training should be paid to the strengthening of their health, creating conditions for a healthy lifestyle. The article analyzes the main problems of student youth in the field of health at the stage of professional development in the institution of higher medical education (IHME), identifies obstacles to the implementation of a healthy lifestyle and the possibility of overcoming them. The analysis of the scientific literature devoted to fostering the culture of occupational health suggests that in recent decades scientists have significantly increased the attention to youth health. In the psychological and pedagogical literature there are many works devoted to the problems of human health, propagation of a healthy lifestyle. Nowadays, studying at a higher medical education institution often has impact on the health of young people. This can be due to the workload, moreover, not yet done enough by the institutions to motivate, promote and to form a right attitude to a healthy lifestyle. In the large list of risk factors for diseases in adolescents, scientists have identified the most common: bad habits (smoking and alcohol consumption) and lack of awareness about a healthy lifestyle. This can negatively affect the health and physical condition of students. There is also a decrease in the adaptive body capacity that often leads to the development of chronic diseases. Researchers note that a large number of young people are "exploiting" the most valuable resource, health. Incentives to get a good education, profession, rewarding financial status are much higher than maintaining and strengthening one's health, which is mainly seen as an instrumental value that contributes to the achievement of life goals. At the same time, the value that will contribute to a long and successful life is not sufficiently realized. Thus, the attitude of medical students towards the development of a culture of occupational health involves not only the creation of appropriate conditions for effective learning at higher medical education, but also the motivation to keep a healthy lifestyle. This issue should be included into the programs of the higher medical educational institutions as an integral part of the professional training of future doctors.

CHANGES IN THE DIET OF STUDENTS DURING LOCKDOWN

In the Russian Federation, in connection with the impend-ing threat of the spread of the epidemic, in order to pre-vent the spread of a new coronavirus infection, it was decided to introduce a self-isolation regime. Obviously, changes in the lifestyle in a certain way affected the diet of the population. The article analyzes the change in the nutrition of students of higher medical educational insti-tutions in this period. The authors developed and con-ducted a survey of young people and found that the stu-dents' nutrition is quite diverse. However, with a decrease in physical activity, the caloric content of the diet in-creased, which can lead to an increase in body weight, an increase in glucose and cholesterol levels. These factors, combined with stress caused by drastic changes in life-style, are predictors of chronic disease.

CONTRIBUTION COLONEL OF MEDICAL SERVICE N. N. GURIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAVAL SURGERY (TO THE 90 ANNIVERSARY FROM THE BIRTHDAY)

The article is devoted to the eminent naval surgeon Professor Gurin Nikolay Nikolaevich, head of the Department of marine medicine of the Leningrad GIUV (1978–1980), Vice-rector Langius (1984–1995), Colonel of medical service. Nikolai Nikolaevich graduated from the Naval medical Academy in 1955 and was sent to the black sea fleet. Winner of the government of the Russian Federation award (1999) in the field of education for the development and implementation of systems of practice (clinical doctor) for medical higher educational institutions. In 1959–1962, he studied in the clinical residency of the VMGH clinic, and in 1969–1982, he was the chief surgeon OF the DRA. Scientific works: «Military field surgery» textbook (1980); «Marine medicine» guide for doctors ‘ exams (1989); «General medical practice (family medicine)» (1996). Monographs: «Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis on ships at sea» (1994); «Treatment of acute cholecystitis» (1999); «Choice of method for treatment of stomach ulcers» (2001); «Family medicine of Gatchina» (2001); «Treatment of complicated osteomyelitis» (2004); «First aid» (2009);«Surgical care for stomach wounds» (2010). Awarded 14 medals. Including the medal «for services to the Fatherland of the II degree».

IMPLEMENTATION OF ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION TO THE TEACHING PROCESS ON DISCIPLINE “HYGIENE AND ECOLOGY” FOR ENGLISH-SPEAKING SIX YEAR STUDENTS

The article adduces the features of training English-speaking students of graduate courses in the departments of hygienic profile at the medical schools. It was established that the following issues remain difficult at the implementation of ecological education for English-speaking students in the departments of hygienic profile: adaptation of current national normative documents to the educational process; application of international regulatory standards and recommendations of US EPA and WHO international organizations, if compared with domestic counterparts; at the teaching of lectures and practical classes, especially on ecological-dependent pathology, should be taking into account deontological, national and religious peculiarities of foreign students. The results of the survey conducted among English-speaking six year students (36 students in total) showed that 40 to 60 % from total number of academic hours in the discipline should be assigned to independent work in a medical university, according to (25 and 19.4 %) respondents. At the same time, the time budget for IWS preparation differs: for theoretical subjects, on average, a foreign student spends 1–2 hours (30.5 %), while less than 1 hour (22.2 %) preparation for clinical disciplines. Majority of English-speaking students (53 %) believe that the amount of time they spend preparing for classes depends on their interest in learning a particular discipline. This is due to the complexity of this or that topic, as 55.5 % of respondents noted. The other 30.8 % of foreigners do not think so, which indicates about low motivation this quota of senior students to study in Medical Higher Education Institutions, and requires more careful attention of teachers in creating interest in the study of hygiene disciplines.

BLENDED LEARNING IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article considers the main provisions of blended learning organization in medical institutions of higher education. The main online platforms and digital teaching aids, that are used in medical institutions of higher education during the educational process based on blended learning, are identified in particular: distance learning platforms (Equity Maps, Google Classroom, Moodle), mobile-digital applications (Classtime, LearningApps, Quizizz) and online communication platforms (Google Meet, ZOOM, WeBex). The concept of blended learning is defined as a harmonious combination of students’ classwork and the use of information and digital technologies in extracurricular activities (independent work, group work, etc.). The principles of organizing the educational process in institutions of higher medical education include a general didactic approach in working with large groups, discussion in small groups, individual training and learning using information and digital technologies. An important aspect in the training of highly qualified medical professionals in the blended learning format is blended laboratory courses. Such an organization of training, as shown in the study, is popular with both students and teachers of laboratory bachelor courses. Note that in this process, teachers mainly focus on the development of students' abilities for autonomous learning, and not just on the transfer of theoretical knowledge. The best experience of blended learning usage in the world medical institutions of higher education is considered. The advantages of blended learning in medical students’ preparation are shown. In further scientific research it is planned to study the current experience of organizing blended education of Kharkiv National Medical University in the conditions of adaptive quarantine in the 2020/2021 academic year.

Study of the State of Physical Fitness of Students of Medical Institutions of Higher Education by Means of Crossfit in the Process of Physical Education

Aim: Theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the method of using innovative technologies, aimed at improving the health of students in the process of physical education with the use of crossfit in medical institutions of higher education. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out within the framework of the discipline “Physical Education”, among students of 1-2 courses of medical specialties. In the experimental group, classes were held once a week for 90 minutes with the method of using crossfit for boys and girls, also there were additional extracurricular classes once a week (60 minutes). The control group was engaged in the usual program of physical education. Students of higher education institutions were offered a method of classes using crossfit tools. Results: In the educational process in higher education institutions, physical education is a way to achieve strategic goals by preserving the health of young people. An important aspect of our study is the use of innovative technologies in physical education process through crossfit. Crossfit refers to strength training and has an extreme system of general physical training, based on the alternation of basic movements in different sports. The crossfit training system allows you to easily adapt it for people with different levels of physical fitness. Students of higher education institutions were offered a method of classes using crossfit tools in physical education process. Conclusions: Thanks to the implemented methodology, the usage of functional all-around (crossfit), we proved that during our study, students who were engaged in the experimental method, improved their general physical condition, level of physical fitness and motivation to engage in physical culture and sports.

Conceptual field of the concept of professional training of future masters of medicine for pedagogical activity in medical institutions of higher education

Conceptual field of the concept of professional training of future masters of medicine for pedagogical activity in medical institutions of higher education

THE HEALTH CULTURE OF FUTURE DOCTORS THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE HEALTH-PRESERVING COMPETENCE FORMATION

The aim: To present the complex formation of all the outlined components and the interaction between them, it should be lead to the successful formation of a culture of health of future doctors. Materials and methods: The diagnostic stage of the experimental study covered 450 students of four higher medical educational institutions: I. Horbachevsky TernopilState Medical University (150 students), Lviv National Medical University named after D. Halytsky (100 students); Bukovynian State Medical University (100 students), Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University (100 students), Ukraine. Results and conclusions: Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the formation of personal practical and personaldeveloping components of the future doctors’ health culture from entry to final control allows us to conclude that the use of author’s methods in preparing students gives better results than traditional training.

Analysis of microbiology online teaching in quarantine conditions

Teaching microbiology, virology, and immunology subject in a medical school has traditionally been conducted without the use of online technologies. Consequently, the changes in the way stakeholders interact need to be analyzed. The purpose of the article is an analysis of the experience that was performed on how the course of microbiology, virology, and immunology was taught online in coronavirus quarantine conditions of 2020. Authors have determined the main problems in achieving by higher education seekers the proper level of theoretical knowledge, some of the practical skills and abilities that have arisen because of the change in the form of practical classes and lectures. The positive aspects of this unpredictable experiment were noted in the way of teaching the discipline. This subject involves higher education seekers gaining a significant amount of sensory and motor skills. Moreover, the subject has a large fragment of theoretical knowledge, which consists of empirical data of the infectious diseases pathogens properties, methods of their study for microbiological diagnosis; the structure of pathogens, which is necessary for understanding the directions of etiotropic therapy of infectious diseases; biological and antigenic properties to assess the possibilities of specific prevention and treatment of diseases; the resistance of pathogens to external factors in order to understand the peculiarities of the epidemiology of each disease and the possibilities of its specific prevention. Higher education seekers must also learn the structure of the human immune system, to study the mechanisms of its functioning. Finally, a complex of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and abilities should be built. These achievements were analyzed in this article to assess the prospects for modernization of the educational process in the subject. The situation was problematic with the teaching of this subject online in quarantine. But the benefits are that it was at the same time a discovery in the use of new digital technologies accumulated by civilization in the educational process in such traditionally classical areas of education as teaching microbiology, virology, and immunology course in medical higher educational institutions.

Improvement of teaching economic disciplines to medical students by updating the competency based approach and teaching methods

The relevance of the research is due to the need for formation and development of economic thinking among medical students in the implementation of the modern educational paradigm, implying a competence based approach to higher education and compliance of educational programs to the world quality standards. In the implementation of the Federal state educational standard of higher medical education the problem of economic competencies formation in medical students is relevant. Updating the competence based approach to teaching economic disciplines in medical higher educational institutions, as well as expansion of forms and teaching methods, taking into account the above mentioned competencies will facilitate the decision of this problem. The purpose of the research is to update the competence based approach to teaching economic disciplines to medical students. In the research the following methods were used: formalized analysis, analytical method, systematization method and data synthesis. The results of the research: the authors have created a list of competencies to implement in the process of teaching economic disciplines to medical students, as well as systematized and actualized active and passive methods of teaching economic disciplines in accordance with the competence based approach. Key findings: Modernization of higher education, taking into account the requirements of Federal state educational standards of new generations, also entails adapting the principles of competences of future specialists to a dynamically developing external environment. The proposed list of competencies can be used by teachers of specialized departments of higher educational institutions in the process of drawing up working programs of disciplines and directly in teaching economic disciplines in order to improve the quality of the educational process.

Problems of implementation of distance education in higher medical education institutions under quarantine

Problems of implementation of distance education in higher medical education institutions under quarantine

Empatychni zdibnosti likariv-interniv riznoho profiliu [Empathic abilities of internship doctors of various profiles

Background: According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, the development of empathic abilities is one of the priorities of higher medical education. Understanding the great importance of the level of empathy and emotional intelligence for the future doctor has led to an increase in research interest in this issue both abroad and in Ukraine. Purpose: To determine the level of empathy in internship doctors of various specialties who studied in the cycle “Emergencies”, to find ways to optimize and stabilize this social ability. Materials and Methods: 84 internship doctors were interviewed anonymously in various specialties using the method of determining the level of empathic abilities according to Boyko and conducted a thorough analysis. Results: A high level of empathy was found in 7.1% of respondents due to the vast majority of women. The average level of empathy was found in 66.7% of respondents, the gender distribution was 1:1. 21.4% of internship doctors showed low levels of empathy, of which two thirds were men. A low level of empathy was found in 4.8% of respondents, exclusively men. In our study, we found mostly the average level of empathic abilities in internship doctors of different profiles. Women were more empathetic than men. The results indicate the need to develop empathic abilities (intuitive, rational and emotional channels) with an emphasis on “managing their emotions” in undergraduate and postgraduate educational process in order to form communicative professional competencies during the study period. Conclusions: The vast majority of internship doctors in various specialties showed an average level of empathic abilities, which meets the requirements of their further medical activities. There is no direct relationship between the level of empathic abilities and the frequency of emotional burnout. In a higher medical educational institution, it is necessary to develop and optimize empathic abilities starting from the first courses of study

Змішане навчання як ефективна форма підготовки майбутніх лікарів в умовах COVID-19

The article is devoted to the issue of using blended learning as a modern pedagogical technology in the context of COVID-19. Blended learning is considered as a purposeful process of interaction between learning subjects, which combines traditional and distance learning models. This process takes place in the classroom and outside it, in synchronous and asynchronous modes, based on the widespread use of ICT (O. Korotun). The article points out the advantages and disadvantages of blended learning. The functions and principles of blended learning are considered. Methods and means of organizing training on this technology are listed. The experience of introducing blended learning into the educational process of higher medical education institutions indicates that this technology has great prospects not only during the pandemic and can be used on an ongoing basis.

Distance education: experience of higher medical education institutions of Ukraine

Distance education: experience of higher medical education institutions of Ukraine

Motivation of students with different levels of health to physical education classes

The article highlights the level of interest and motivation of students with different levels of health of students during physical education classes. The influence of various factors on the attitude of students to a physically active, healthy lifestyle has been studied. The study of motives that enhance the desire of student youth to regular physical education and sports is one of the important pedagogical problems in physical education, as motives are crucial in behavior and stimulation of active activities. Due to the low motivation to engage in physical education among modern student youth, there is a need to find ways to increase this motivation and highlight the experience of its implementation in the educational process of the medical university, which determines the relevance of our study.
 The aim of the study is to study the mechanisms of personal health of students of medical institutions of higher education and ways to strengthen and preserve it through physical self-improvement with the use of health technologies, which is vital for professional development of students in distance learning.
 Data from a questionnaire survey of students of 1-2 courses of medical, dental and pharmaceutical faculties of Donetsk National Medical University aged 17-23 years to different types, forms and means of physical activity in free time were used. The proposed algorithm for compiling a preventive and health program for the development of health of EG students contributed to their physical self-improvement, which was reflected in the state of functional systems of the body, resulting in significant changes in personal health. Thus, the obtained data revealed a positive trend: the high level of health of future professionals increased by 5.5%, above the average by 14.5%, and the average by 8.9%. The low and below average health levels of the subjects decreased by 10.0% and 18.9%, respectively. Involving students in physical education classes is an integral part of overall development, an important factor in strengthening all aspects of health. In turn, the study of the mechanisms of personal health of students of higher medical institutions and ways to preserve it, based on physical self-improvement with the use of health technologies, will increase students' motivation to exercise, which will positively affect their emotional and physical health. During the study it was found that the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students of higher medical education is a process of acquiring knowledge, skills, abilities about a healthy lifestyle, which provides the foundation of physical, spiritual well-being and success in professional activities; the formation of a stable motivation for caring for their own health and physical training, development of physical and mental qualities, creative use of physical culture, to ensure high efficiency and creative longevity, the ability to work professionally without psychological costs for successful professional activity in the chosen specialty. conditions of distance learning. The formation of a socially active personality in harmony with physical development is an important condition for preparing a graduate of a higher education institution for professional activity in society.

К вопросу о необходимости совершенствования преподавания медицинской генетики в медицинских высших учебных заведениях

При переходе к персонализированной медицине и высокотехнологичному здравоохранению освоение любой клинической дисциплины в системе высшего медицинского образования немыслимо без знаний основ и последних достижений медицинской генетики. Организация поэтапного изучения медицинской генетики на старших курсах медицинских ВУЗов позволит готовить более квалифицированных врачей, готовых перейти от стандартизованной к персонализированной медицине. With the transition to personalized medicine and high-tech healthcare, mastering any clinical discipline in the system of higher medical education is unthinkable without knowledge of the basics and the latest achievements of medical genetics. The organization of a step-by-step study of medical genetics in the senior years of medical universities can provide an opportunity to train more qualified doctors who are ready to move from standardized to personalized medicine.

Training of students of higher medical educational institutions in endovideosurgery skills

Aim. Evaluation of basic skills in endovideosurgery of students of higher medical educational institutions (HMEI) before and after taking an elective course Basics of Surgical Technique.
 Materials and Methods. Basic skills in endovideosurgery were investigated in students of the General Medicine Faculty before and after taking an elective course Basics of Surgical Technique organized on the base of the simulation hall of the experimental surgery and oncology laboratory of Research Institute of Experimental Medicine at Kursk State Medical University. The training course included the following exercises on box trainers: Peg Transfer, Pattern Cut, Intracorporal (single interrupted) Suture. After achievement of satisfactory results, final assessment was conducted in the form of examination in practical skills and abilities on laboratory animals biological models (Wetlab). Manipulations conducted by students were assessed using Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skill (GOALS).
 Results. The average values of the assessed parameters increased: criteria manipulations with tissues from 2.8 to 4.0 points (42.9%), perception of depth from 2.4 to 3.6 points (50%), movement effectiveness by 54.5% (from 2.2 to 3.4 points), bimanual orientation by 60% (from 2.0 to 3.2 points). Criterion independence increased by 66.7% (from 1.8 to 3.0 points).
 Conclusion. After the elective course Basics of Surgical Technique, all average values of the studied parameters increased. The results obtained evidence effectiveness of the methods of training in basics of endovideosurgery within the frames of the elective course, which permits to develop skills in endosurgical technique at the stage of getting higher medical education.

Issues of stigmatization to mental patients from medical students and medical staff of psychiatric institutions and measures for its minimization

Annotation. The aim of the study was to identify the presence of stigmatization among students of medical educational institutions and medical stuff of psychiatric institutions toward mental patients, to establish the causes and develop measures to minimize it. Methods were used in the work: bibliosemantic, historical, content analysis, as well as a questionnaire method using a specially designed questionnaire. Using Telegram, Microsoft Excel 2003 software, 1062 students were interviewed anonymously of 4–5 courses of medical institutions of higher education of Ukraine. The average age of students ranged from 20 to 22 years – 913 (85.9 %); from 23 to 24 years old – 119 (11.3 %) and from 25 to 26 years old – 30 (2.8 %). It was found that 93.8% of respondents from the total number of students surveyed are convinced that people with mental illness need special treatment; 87.9 % – were convinced that people who have mental illness pose a threat to society; 17.3 % respondents witnessed the humiliation of mental patients by working medical personnel in the presence of medical students. It is a fact, but in 2.1 % of cases, future doctors allowed themselves to offend patients who were hospitalized in psychiatric healthcare facilities during training. Thus, the inheritance of the Soviet system of medical education in the field of training young specialists for the mental health sector in Ukraine, which, unfortunately, has not experienced significant structural changes, is reflected in the behavior of the working medical personnel of psychiatric hospitals and the views of future doctors. Stigmatization of mental patients was carried out by every fourth medical worker (24.5 %) in psychiatric institutions in Odessa and every fifth medical worker in psychiatric institutions in Poltava (21.4 %) and Chernivtsi (20.9 %), which is violation of the moral and ethical principles of the doctor's behavior and unacceptable. The stigmatization of the mentally ill by medical students of medical schools is 2.1 %, which indicates that students use the negative example of the medical personnel of psychiatric institutions for their future medical activities.

Педагогічна самоосвіта майбутніх лікарів-стоматологів як джерело їхньої професійно-орієнтованої самореалізації в закладах вищої медичної освіти

The article reveals the problem of professionally-oriented self-realization of future dentists. The matter is to find new approaches to the organization of the educational process in institutions of higher medical education, intensification of the needs of self-education of the individual, including pedagogical self-education. The readiness of future dentists for pedagogical is defined as a personal neoplasm, which components are as follows: interest in pedagogical issues, its use in professional activities; knowledge and ability to apply pedagogical techniques and methods in working with patients and their relatives; ability to communicate and show tolerance.The indicative plan of pedagogical self-education classes has been developed and proposed to deepen the content of professionally-oriented self-realization of future dentists.During the acquaintance of future dentists with the topic Methods of education there were positive changes in the levels of understanding the practical significance of pedagogical techniques and methods of interaction with users (persuasion, visitation, training, encouragement, use, etc.). Beliefs as a method of forming personal consciousness contributed to the formation of new views, attitudes of future dentists to their health, the health of loved ones, changed their attitude to universal values, morals, national traditions.The method of explanation in emergency conditions doctor’s work and life of a society is realized. Patients should be informed about ways to follow preventive measures, such as: washing their hands thoroughly, not hugging or kissing friends, not shaking their hands when meeting, not talking loudly in transport, splattering saliva on people standing nearby.The oriented plan of pedagogical self-education classes has been developed and proposed with the help of deepening the content of professionally-oriented self-realization of future dentists.