Medical Entities Research Articles

Pandemic Response Officers: Integration Between Medical, Public Health, and Higher Education Systems to Expedite Prevention and Response.

Research and policy studies alike have enumerated population and community health benefits of system integration between medical, public health, and social entities. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the necessity of a well-trained and adequately staffed public health and medical workforce in order to process SARS-CoV-2 cases and prevent subsequent transmission. Higher education systems, in particular, represented defined populations of exposure and transmission. Opportunities existed for collaboration and task sharing between institutions of higher education and local public health departments to limit spread and impacts. This article describes the Pandemic Response Officer (PRO) program at Cornell University, a team of staff and students created during the intensity of the pandemic to benefit the Tompkins County and Cornell University communities. The PRO program was formed in January 2021, with an original team of 8 individuals, working iteratively to investigate and support employee cases and exposures. Implementation was motivated by Cornell University's dual responsibility as a large employer that also possessed SARS-CoV-2 test results of employees. PROs loaded case information into a shared HIPPA-compliant electronic record that collected information for case notification, case investigation, isolation support, contact tracing, contact notification, and quarantine support. Over time, the PROs grew to a team of 25, gaining responsibilities as university and public health systems shared roles to maximize resources. From January 1 to December 31, 2021, PROs managed 773 employee and 2943 student cases. During the Omicron surge (November 28-December 31, 2021), PROs saved the public health department an estimated 2797 hours of effort, equating to more than 10 professionals working full-time, evenings and weekends, to process cases and contacts during this interval. By integrating efforts between a university and public health agency, this intervention minimized SARS-CoV-2 transmission via expedient case support and alleviated strain on public health systems by expanding the public health workforce.

Accounting for licenses in medical entities: topical issues and problems

The article reveals the legislative stipulated prerequisites for acquiring the licenses for the provision of services by medical entities, presents the current dynamics of the licensing process, its supporting and limiting factors. The author considers in detail the process of recognition the initial cost of licenses, as a type of intangible assets, in medical organization’s accounting. The main directions of current approaches to the subsequent measurement of licenses and permits by medical organizations are outlined, problematic aspects of the accounting process related to the correct calculation of income tax are identified.

Regulating the disenfranchised: Reciprocity & resistance under the Mental Capacity Act

This paper interrogates the legitimacy of formal ethical regulation regarding people with dementia under the Mental Capacity Act, 2005 in England and Wales. Under the Act, research among people diagnosed with dementia must be approved by Health Research Authority committees, irrespective of whether that research engages with health organisations or service users. As examples, I discuss two ethnographic dementia studies that do not engage with healthcare services, but which nonetheless require HRA approval. These instances raise questions regarding legitimacy and reciprocity in the governance of dementia. Through capacity legislation, the state exerts control over people with dementia, automatically delineating them as healthcare subjects because of their diagnoses. This diagnosis functions as a form of administrative medicalisation, rendering dementia a medical entity and those diagnosed with it the property of formal healthcare. However, many people with dementia in England and Wales do not receive related health or care services beyond diagnosis. This institutional imbalance of high governance and low support undermines the contractual citizenship of people with dementia, wherein state-citizen rights and responsibilities should be reciprocal. In response, I consider resistance to this system in ethnographic research. “Resistance” here is not necessarily deliberate, hostile, difficult or perceived, but rather encompasses micropolitical effects that are contrary to power or control, sometimes emerging from systems themselves rather than individual resistive actors. Resistance can be unintentional, through mundane failures to satisfy specific aspects of governance bureaucracies. It can also be deliberate, through refusals to comply with restrictions that seem cumbersome, inapplicable or unethical, potentially raising questions of malpractice and misconduct. I suggest that resistance is made more probable due to the expansion of governance bureaucracies. On the one hand, the potential for both unintentional and intentional transgression increases, while on the other hand, the capacity for those transgressions to be discovered and rectified decreases, because the maintenance of control over such a system requires vast resources. Behind this ethico-bureaucratic tumult, people with dementia themselves are largely invisible. People with dementia often have no interaction with committees that determine their research participation. This further renders ethical governance a particularly disenfranchising facet of the dementia research economy. The state stipulates that people with dementia must be treated differently because of their diagnoses, without consulting those people. In response, resistance to unethical governance could be intuitively deemed ethical per se, but I suggest that such a simplistic binary is somewhat misleading.

First facts on the distribution of personal protective equipment during the coronavirus pandemic and facts revealed by medical entities in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has revealed precarious public health conditions worldwide, where serious failures have occurred, similar to the distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE) to physicians in the government of Brazil. The objective of this investigation was to prove through facts that there have been failures in the distribution of PPE to medical professionals within a reasonable timeframe. Through a cross-sectional study, we sought to identify the information and data on the subject of "Distribution of PPE" from the official sites of all the national and regional medical representative entities. All medical representative entities, such as unions, councils, and federations, were identified by searching their existing websites, which were active on the World Wide Web, identifying facts, news, and official data regarding the supply of PPE on a daily basis and during the research period. It was evident from the identification of over 3,900 physician complaints and news reports that there was a failure to distribute PPE to medical professionals in Brazil over a reasonable period. Several physicians obtained PPE through the ruling of the courts. There was indeed a failure in the context of health service administration, which compromised the second level of the Maslow Scale, safety needs, and exposed these professionals to a greater risk than necessary, compromised the quality of work life, and directly compromised the doctor-patient relationship. The condition of the physicians cannot be forgotten during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Activity of selected healthcare entities in the Lower Silesia region through their social media activities in the context of image shaping

Purpose: The study's main objective was to identify the presence of selected healthcare entities from the Lower Silesian province in social media. The specific goal was to assess the status of the use of social media by selected medical entities in the context of building their image. Design/methodology/approach: The author drew attention to the creation of the image of medical entities in the context of legal conditions and presented permissible (in light of the law) marketing activities shaping the idea of the medical entity in social media. Then the author, using the desk research method, analyzed the content of the profiles of selected medical entities from the Lower Silesian Province that have corporate accounts on Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, and YouTube. The author based his considerations on Polish and foreign literature on the subject, studying scientific articles and electronic sources. The author used the following professional databases to collect scientific literature: Biblioteka Nauki and Google Scholar. Findings: Shaping the image of a healthcare entity on social media as communicative, engaged, and open to the patient's preferences and needs is a way to increase competitiveness in the region. Given the nature of the healthcare industry, healthcare entities should adopt a strategy to build an expert position in the region. An analysis of the content of the company's social media accounts showed that the selected healthcare entities run their profiles in a diversified manner, emphasizing one medium chosen, which is usually Facebook, and posting less frequently (Instagram) or incidentally (YouTube) in others. The least often used medium is LinkedIn. Social implications: The advantage of using social media channels by healthcare entities is direct and immediate contact with stakeholders, through which it is possible to effectively target information messages to people/groups interested in the facility's offerings. Originality/value: The author directed the article primarily to managers/directors in charge of healthcare entities and medical marketing specialists to make them aware that maintaining a medical institution's corporate social media account is necessary today. Without this, it is impossible to effectively reach a wide range of patients using social media channels daily. According to the author, it is necessary to strengthen the role of the patient in the health system as a full-fledged stakeholder and realize its actual impact on the economic situation and competitive position of medical facilities in the context of their social media marketing activities. The article's value is a comprehensive discussion of the importance of individual social media in the activities of the analyzed medical entities from the Lower Silesian Province. Keywords: healthcare entity, image shaping, social media, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, YouTube. Category of the paper: Research paper.

Polityka wprowadzania najlepszych praktyk zarządzania (NPZ) w podmiotach leczniczych na świecie. Studium przypadku Virginia Mason Hospital w Stanach Zjednoczonych

The subject of the article is the best management practices (j. polski: NPZ) implemented in medical entities around the world. The implementation of NPZ was presented on the example of Virginia Mason Hospital in Washington State in the United States. The aim of the article is to show the advantages and benefits resulting from the implementation of NPZ in medical entities. During the considerations, answers were sought to the research questions: 1) how can NPZ be used in medical entities?; 2) how can the practice and experience of Virginia Mason Hospital be used in implementing NPZ in other healthcare entities? The article uses the system analysis method to study the United States health system and the NPZ implementation system at Virginia Mason Hospital, which required the use of a qualitative method. The comparative method was used to study differences in the implementation of NPZ. The research results were presented using a descriptive method.

MGCN: Medical Relation Extraction Based on GCN

With the progress of society and the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to personal health, and WITMED (Wise Information Technology of med) has occupied an important position. The relationship prediction work in the medical field has high requirements on the interpretability of the method, but the relationship between medical entities is complex, and the existing methods are difficult to meet the requirements. This paper proposes a novel medical information relation extraction method MGCN, which combines contextual information to provide global interpretability for relation prediction of medical entities. The method uses Co-occurrence Graph and Graph Convolutional Network to build up a network of relations between entities, uses the Open-world Assumption to construct potential relations between associated entities, and goes through the Knowledge-aware Attention mechanism to give relation prediction for the entity pair of interest. Experiments were conducted on a public medical dataset CTF, MGCN achieved the score of 0.831, demonstrating its effectiveness in medical relation extraction.

Kwalifikacje zawodowe – personel medyczny w permanentnym rozwoju

One of the duties of medical staff is to improve professional qualifications and supplement knowledge. Especially in times that are referred to as the 3N: instability, discontinuity, unpredictability, and the transformations experienced by the economy and society are referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. The article aims to present these issues in relation to medical personnel in professional groups of doctors, nurses and midwives employed in medical entities. The obligation to improve professional qualifications and supplement knowledge stems from a number of generally applicable laws as well as regulations in force at a given employer, and its importance is important due to the nature of the activities performed by medical personnel, i.e. saving the health and life of patients. The employment of specialist medical staff is also a condition for healthcare entities to participate in competition procedures in order to conclude contracts for the provision of health services. Therefore, raising and supplementing qualifications by medical personnel should also be in the interest of managers of medical entities.

Odpowiedzialność publicznoprawna osób zarządzających podmiotami leczniczymi – wybrane problemy

Medical entities are, m.in. entrepreneurs within the meaning of the provisions of the Act – Entrepreneurs’ Law, who conduct business activity in all forms provided for its performance. The person authorized to manage such an entity and represent it externally is its manager, who may be a natural person, as well as the management board of a capital company. The entity authorized to manage a medical entity is liable under public law. Liability means an adverse effect for an entity that has violated certain legal norms by its actions, negligence or recklessness. In such a case, it is a question of identifying the guilty person in order to hold him liable, impose sanctions and demand compensation for the damage caused. Liability means an adverse effect for an entity that has violated certain legal norms by its actions, negligence or recklessness. In such a case, it is a question of identifying the guilty person in order to hold him liable, impose sanctions and demand compensation for the damage caused. On the basis of public law, criminal, penal-fiscal liability, tax, financial, official, as well as disciplinary and order liability can be distinguished. However, the most important conclusion for persons managing medical entities is the fact of constantly growing scope of liability and increasing financial sanctions for violation of new public law obligations.

Medical Name Entity Recognition Based on Lexical Enhancement and Global Pointer

Named entity recognition (NER) in biological sources, also called medical named entity recognition (MNER), attempts to identify and categorize medical terminology in electronic records. Deep neural networks have recently demonstrated substantial effectiveness in MNER. However, Chinese MNER has issues that cannot use lexical information and involve nested entities. To address these problems, we propose a model which can handle both nested and non-nested entities. The model uses a simple lexical enhancement method for merging lexical information into each character's vector representation, and then uses the Global Pointer approach for entity recognition. Furthermore, we retrain a pre-trained model with a Chinese medical corpus to incorporate medical knowledge, resulting in F1 score of 68.13% on the nested dataset CMeEE, 95.56% on the non-nested dataset CCKS2017, 85.89% on CCKS2019, and 92.08% on CCKS2020. These data demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed model.

Construction of cardiovascular information extraction corpus based on electronic medical records.

Cardiovascular disease has a significant impact on both society and patients, making it necessary to conduct knowledge-based research such as research that utilizes knowledge graphs and automated question answering. However, the existing research on corpus construction for cardiovascular disease is relatively limited, which has hindered further knowledge-based research on this disease. Electronic medical records contain patient data that span the entire diagnosis and treatment process and include a large amount of reliable medical information. Therefore, we collected electronic medical record data related to cardiovascular disease, combined the data with relevant work experience and developed a standard for labeling cardiovascular electronic medical record entities and entity relations. By building a sentence-level labeling result dictionary through the use of a rule-based semi-automatic method, a cardiovascular electronic medical record entity and entity relationship labeling corpus (CVDEMRC) was constructed. The CVDEMRC contains 7691 entities and 11,185 entity relation triples, and the results of consistency examination were 93.51% and 84.02% for entities and entity-relationship annotations, respectively, demonstrating good consistency results. The CVDEMRC constructed in this study is expected to provide a database for information extraction research related to cardiovascular diseases.

A Brief History of Public Health Informatics-Lessons for Leaders and a Look Into the Future.

A Brief History of Public Health Informatics-Lessons for Leaders and a Look Into the Future.

Odpowiedzialność cywilna za szkody wyrządzone przez lekarzy bez specjalizacji

As is well known, the determinant and premise of a doctor’s civil and professional liability is compliance or failure to exercise due diligence. Theoretically, doctors are subject to uniform measures of diligence in the sense that, for the circumstances of a specific case, an objective standard of compliance is established, which is required of the doctor in front of the patient, without thinking about where and how a particular doctor should try it out in advance. Meanwhile, not all doctors are equally skilled. Passing the exam and the obtained medical diploma are just the beginning. You must first complete a postgraduate internship, and then usually also a specialization, which may last as long as medical studies. The Act on the Professions of Doctor and Dentist restricts the professional rights of trainees and specialists (brief description here). Nevertheless, it is commonly known that specialists are regularly appointed to be on duty independently. Against this background, the question arises to what extent such a way of organizing work is correct from the point of view of the patient's right to healthcare services provided with due diligence, and how is the responsibility of medical entities and doctors themselves presented for faults committed in such conditions. In particular – how to assess the fault of an insufficiently skilled specialist or trainee and how to plan the proper organization of medical care over a patient, taking into account the obvious need to educate doctors also through surgical practice on a living organism. Moreover, what are the duties of a professionally dependent physician in such circumstances? The considerations will be illustrated with practice cases and court judgments.

Profitability of medical entities in Poland following ownership transformations

Profitability of medical entities in Poland following ownership transformations

Digitalization in Polish medical entities – responsibilities, benefits and barriers – a case study

Digitalization in Polish medical entities – responsibilities, benefits and barriers – a case study

Intelligent Recommendation for Departments Based on Medical Knowledge Graph

The clinical sub-speciality departments are increasing. It is usually difficult for patients without medical education to choose a suitable department when they need to make an online registration with doctor. A novel approach is presented for departments recommendation in this paper. The ICD codes and symptoms of medical health data are used to describe the patients’ characteristics, diseases, and departments in the quantitative relation. The knowledge graph is built with the relations to automatically recommend departments. The MacBERT-BiLSTM-CRF medical entity recognition model (MacNER) is proposed to identify the patient’s symptoms, parts, treatment methods and drug entities to structure a knowledge graph. The knowledge graph is used to provide knowledge for the intelligent department recommendation. The identified entities are mapped to nodes in the graph with the entity mapping method. Finally, an algorithm named Feature Rate Multiply Converse Disease Rate (FRMCDR) is proposed. The most appropriate department can be recommended by fusing the patient’s chief complaint and past medical history. The experiment shows that our method obtained an 88.77% precision rate in the recommendation.

Chinese Named Entity Recognition Based on Multi-Feature Fusion FLAT Model in the Medical Field

The complexity of syntax and the specialized nature of Chinese electronic medical record data make it challenging to accurately identify medical entities using named entity recognition models. In order to precisely extract complex medical vocabulary from electronic medical records, this paper proposes a multi-feature-based named entity recognition model that addresses the issue of insufficient internal feature extraction in the FLAT model. Firstly, the radical and pinyin features of Chinese characters are extracted for enrichment and perfection of their semantic information. These features are then combined with the word embeddings extracted by the FLAT-lattice method. Finally, the fused features and position encoding are input to the Transformer encoder for encoding, followed by decoding using the CRF method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms many existing algorithms on the CCL2021 dataset, with an F1 score of up to 91.75%.

Mapping Chinese Medical Entities to the Unified Medical Language System.

Chinese medical entities have not been organized comprehensively due to the lack of well-developed terminology systems, which poses a challenge to processing Chinese medical texts for fine-grained medical knowledge representation. To unify Chinese medical terminologies, mapping Chinese medical entities to their English counterparts in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is an efficient solution. However, their mappings have not been investigated sufficiently in former research. In this study, we explore strategies for mapping Chinese medical entities to the UMLS and systematically evaluate the mapping performance. First, Chinese medical entities are translated to English using multiple web-based translation engines. Then, 3 mapping strategies are investigated: (a) string-based, (b) semantic-based, and (c) string and semantic similarity combined. In addition, cross-lingual pretrained language models are applied to map Chinese medical entities to UMLS concepts without translation. All of these strategies are evaluated on the ICD10-CN, Chinese Human Phenotype Ontology (CHPO), and RealWorld datasets. The linear combination method based on the SapBERT and term frequency-inverse document frequency bag-of-words models perform the best on all evaluation datasets, with 91.85%, 82.44%, and 78.43% of the top 5 accuracies on the ICD10-CN, CHPO, and RealWorld datasets, respectively. In our study, we explore strategies for mapping Chinese medical entities to the UMLS and identify a satisfactory linear combination method. Our investigation will facilitate Chinese medical entity normalization and inspire research that focuses on Chinese medical ontology development.

Szczególne rozwiązania związane z epidemią COVID-19 dotyczące czasu pracy pracowników podmiotów leczniczych

Special solutions related to the COVID-19 epidemic regarding the working time of employees of medical entities The COVID-19 epidemic and the measures taken to combat it have revealed many imperfections in the legal system. In order to enable certain groups of key employers to operate continuously in the event of an epidemic threat and epidemic, the legislator granted them special powers in the field of working time. Medical entities play a key role in this period. The aim of the article is to analyze the rights of these employers under the provisions of the special COVID act and their relationship to special provisions regulating the working time of employees of these entities.

Patients' Opinions on the Quality of Services in Hospital Wards in Poland.

Patient opinion surveys have become a widely used method for assessing key aspects of the functioning of medical facilities and, thus, of the functioning of the entire health care system. They are a prerequisite for developing patient-centered care and an essential component of quality improvement programs. In many countries, including Poland, patient opinion surveys are written into the accreditation standards of medical institutions. Patient's readiness to recommend a hospital is a recognized indicator of the quality of patient-centered care. In a report on strategies for improving the quality of health care in Europe published in 2019 by WHO and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), patient's readiness to recommend a hospital was cited as one of the basic indicators of 'patient centeredness' along with patient satisfaction. Therefore, as well consideration of the quality of medical care, a patient recommendation index was also used in the study presented in this paper. The index was based on the answers to questions about the patient's readiness to recommend a hospital ward to family and friends. The aim of the study was to investigate patients' opinions on the quality of services in particular hospital wards. A patient opinion survey can be used to improve the quality of services and monitor the effects of health-related activities, identify areas that need improvement, motivate medical staff and prevent their burnout, build a trusting relationship with patients, and compare the quality of health care in various facilities. The study was carried out in March 2022. The patient opinion survey was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview). The sample selection was purposive. The respondents were patients with a history of hospitalization. The sample selection used an algorithm for the random selection of patients who met the criteria for the sample. The inclusion criterion was hospitalization in the 12 months prior to the study. A standardized questionnaire was used that was aimed at the assessment of the quality of medical care and the patient's rights to information. Additionally, the survey contained questions about the demographic characteristics of the respondents. A total of 38% of patients with a history of hospitalization expressed criticisms. The majority of statistically significant differences were observed when differentiating respondents according to age. Elderly persons significantly more often declared having been treated with respect and interest. They also rated more highly the meals served in the hospital, effective pain treatment, and respect for the patient's dignity and intimacy during diagnosis and treatment. Younger persons assessed all these aspects of hospitalization less favorably. Variables including age and the level of income had a statistically significant influence on the opinion of the respondents. Elderly persons assessed most aspects of the quality of care in a hospital ward more favorably. There were a similar number of "promoters" (36%) and "detractors" (38%) of the quality of hospital services. Detractors mainly pointed to long waiting times for hospital admission, the poor quality of medical and nursing care, and unappealing meals. The promoters emphasized the high quality of medical and nursing care and the favorable conditions of the accommodation. Regular patient satisfaction surveys are helpful in identifying areas in which the functioning of a medical entity requires changes.