Media Instruments Research Articles

The Role of Language in the Media During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide

In 1994, around 800,000 people were killed in 100 days of genocide in Rwanda. The primary targets of the genocide were the minority Tutsi, but many moderate Hutus were killed as well. In order to facilitate mass participation in the genocide, the ruling elite created and promoted media tools to disseminate anti-Tutsi propaganda and convince ordinary Rwandans to take part in the killings. The media instruments used included the RTLM radio station and newspapers such as Kangura. Using excerpts from radio broadcasts, as well as scholarly works by journalists, broadcasters, and media experts, this paper explores the role of the media in the genocide, including the formation of the media outlets and the various types of language used in the media, (such as high context and low context language), in addition to explaining how this language was used to promote genocide, and making recommendations for the prevention of the use of hate media in future conflicts.

Application of Project-Based Learning and Discovery Learning in Virtual Media on Analytical Thinking Skills for Animal Classification

This study aims to determine the characteristics of project-based learning and discovery learning virtual media on animal classification material and test the effectiveness of project-based virtual media discovery learning on animal classification material on analytical thinking skills. This research is a mixed type of research. The research design used is the exploratory sequential design, using qualitative data analysis as the initial stage and then used as a direction to determine the formulation of research problems, samples, and quantitative data collection methods, followed by the development of virtual media instruments based on project-based learning and discovery learning. Quantitative methods are applied using quasi-experimental research. The study design used a nonrandomized control group and a pretest-posttest design. The treatment class uses PjBL-based virtual media Iimplementation, the control class uses a virtual media discovery model-based. The test instrument used is an essay question to measure analytical thinking skills adapted from Brookhart. Data analysis using ANCOVA (p = 0.05%) with prates as covariates. The result of the differences in the characteristics of project-based learning and discovery learning virtual media lies in the syntax of learning models, virtual activities, work produced, and attitudes developed. The feasibility test results of both virtual media were declared suitable for use. The results of ANCOVA showed that project-based virtual media learning is more effective in improving analytical thinking skills than discovery-based virtual media learning.

Development of an Android-Based Rhythmicgym Application to Improve Rhythmic Gymnastics Skills of Junior High School Students in Yogyakarta

Aim of this research aim to develop an Android-based Rhythmicgym application to improve the rhythmic gymnastics skills of Yogyakarta City Middle School students. Method of this research use development (R&D). This research procedure adapts the ADDIE development model ( analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The research subjects were divided into three groups, namely: (1) three expert lecturers (2) small-scale tests were tested on 36 students and one Physical Education teacher, (3) large-scale tests were tested on 72 students and one Education teacher Physical. Data collection instruments used questionnaires and observation rubrics. The data analysis technique in the validation test uses Aiken V analysis, the feasibility test questionnaire is analyzed using a Likert scale Results The results of the material and media instrument validation tests obtained an average Aiken V value of 0.883 and 0.937 respectively with a very high validity category . The results of the instrument reliability test for material and media instruments respectively with Cronbach's Alpha values of 0.761 and 0.652 mean that the instrument is declared reliable. The results of small-scale trials on 36 students and one Physical Education teacher showed a percentage of 78% in the appropriate category. The results of a large-scale trial that was tested on 72 students and one Physical Education Teacher showed a percentage of 81% with a very feasible category. Conclusion Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the Android-based RhytmicGym application is declared valid, reliable, feasible, practical and effective for improving the rhythmic gymnastics skills of Yogyakarta City Middle School students.

Thinking Through Targeting: Social Media an Effective Tool for Influencing People and Society

Every day, a wide range of stakeholders target us on social media platforms in an attempt to influence our decisions and behaviour. These stakeholders might be politicians hoping to win over support from the public and secure votes, organizations trying to convey the benefits of their decisions and actions to us as citizens, or commercials trying to sell us something. We absorb new media content, and it can be difficult to distinguish between fake and real news in this redundant environment with widespread data invasion. Beginning with the INSCOP opinion survey from 2023, which investigates Romania's exposure to propaganda and disinformation, our goals are to analyse how audiences were affected by the disinformation narratives in Ukrainian war context, and look at the current social media trends related to this topic using the analytical techniques made available by new media instruments. We want to highlight how social media is the main channel used in Romania for disseminating false information, and we also want to draw attention to the connections that can be made between those who spread false information and the traits of the individuals they are trying to reach. The present paper is part of a larger PhD research program that focuses on consolidating a society’s security culture through better institutional strategic communication; therefore, all the findings will be used to this end.

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR VIRTUAL REALITY LEARNING MEDIA IN ANIMAL DEVELOPMENTAL STRUCTURE COURSES

Biology learning on the Animal Development Structure-2 (SPH 2) course, mostly contains material of an abstract nature, and is difficult for students to understand. The difficulties of understanding the concept are supposed to be a contributing factor in the low graduation rate of students, so it requires a 3D visualization media instrument to make learning more active and meaningful. The study aims to reveal the needs of lecturers and students towards the use of virtual reality learning media in SPH-2 subject. The research data was collected using a questionnaire to analyze the percentages, while the qualitative data describe the responses of lecturers and students. The Questionnaires are distributed openly using google form, then the data cleansing process is carried out. The research instrument was developed utilizing five indicators; teaching preparedness, respondent knowledge, respondent experience, media advantages and shortcomings, and general user responses. The research results based on indicators show that (1) lecturers' teaching readiness is categorized as high (≥70%); (2) lecturers' knowledge of virtual reality was 92.9% and students' knowledge was 86.8%; (3) the experience of respondents as many as 71.43% of lecturers and 39.47% of students who have used VR; (4) the main obstacle in creating and using VR is expensive costs (36.54%); (5) the topics chosen by respondents were Gametogenesis (36.49%) and Fertilization (28.38%). A total of 95% of respondents felt happy and assisted when learning using virtual reality, and 86.8% of students stated that virtual reality learning media can be applied to SPH-2 subjects. The results of this study can be used as a preliminary test at the stage of development of virtual reality learning media for the students

You still want to have kids, right? Representation of childfree women in Indonesian leading online news outlets

This research aims to explore the childfree discourse constructed by the two leading online news outlets in Indonesia, namely Detik.com and Kompas.com. I argue that online news outlets construct a discourse that aims to discriminate childfree women and the representation of women in the issue of childfree is a media instrument to reproduce the ideology of pronatalism. By using the corpus assisted critical discourse studies method to analyze 137 news articles, this research found that online news outlets produce childfree discourse as a deviation, a source of problems, and a feminist agenda. In these discourses, childfree women are represented as selfish, cold, and incomplete individuals. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that online news outlets in Indonesia do not report the issue of childfree in a neutral and balanced manner. Furthermore, this research discussion seeks to uncover the role of ibuism, as a pronatalist ideology in the Indonesian context, behind the construction of these gendered discourses.

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF UKRAINE UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The article describes the political-diplomatic, economic-investment, cultural-artistic and educational, as well as public and media instruments used by the state and civic institutions of Ukraine in public diplomacy during 2022-2023. It was established that the instruments made it possible to ensure the refutation of false information about Ukraine and relevant events, as well as encourage the unification of international efforts to provide comprehensive assistance to the state and its citizens. The strengthening of the economic, cultural, and educational component of foreign policy activity, which will be implemented both under the ongoing state of war and post-war peacebuilding, can become promising directions of Ukraine’s public diplomacy. At the same time, Ukraine’s trauma-informed public diplomacy will focus on disseminating information about the nation’s achievements and spiritual values, restoring cultural stability, overcoming existential anxieties, and providing assistance to other countries.

Оптимізація бізнес-процесів відділу маркетингу за допомогою інформаційних технологій

The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of information technology on the efficiency of business processes in modern marketing. A business process optimization helps an enterprise increase its competitiveness by reducing the time from product development to market launch and reducing production and promotion costs. This helps to enhance the efficiency of marketing strategies and increase the profitability of the enterprise. Optimization of business processes in marketing, in particular through the use of process management, is an important element of the company’s strategy for achieving success and ensuring competitiveness in the market. Information technology plays a key role in today’s progress. Under modern business conditions, information technology becomes a powerful tool for increasing the competitiveness of an enterprise, becomes a necessary component of its management system, an important element of its international activity. The rapid progress of information technologies requires increased attention to the processes of their implementation and use. Ignoring current digital trends can lead to business degradation. By analyzing different types of information technology, such as customer relationship management systems, marketing process automation, analytics systems, internet marketing and mobile technologies, social media instruments, data analytics and machine learning platforms, the article explores how these tools contribute to improving productivity and achieving the strategic goals of enterprise marketing departments. The given examples of specific programs and platforms, their advantages and disadvantages, plus a detailed analysis illustrate the importance of using information technology for the successful implementation of marketing strategies and ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises in the modern business environment. Information technology plays a crucial role in the progress of modern marketing, assisting businesses in improving the efficiency of their business processes and ensuring a high level of competitiveness.

Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Computer Based Instruction (CBI) Menggunakan Adobe Flash Di SMK Negeri 10 Medan

The development of Computer Based Instruction (CBI) Interactive Learning Multimedia using the Adobe Flash application aims to determine the feasibility of this media as learning that is applied to Multimedia subjects for class XI SMK Negeri 10 Medan. This research is a type of development research (RD) using the ADDIE development model which has Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation stages. The feasibility test that will be carried out involves 2 media validators, 2 material validators and all class XI students of SMK Negeri 10 Medan. The feasibility validation instrument to be used in this study was adapted from Sriadhi's research instrument which consisted of 3 validation instruments, namely: material instruments, media instruments, and user instruments. Based on the results of the due diligence study obtained from media experts of 4.15 "decent", material experts 4.33 "very feasible", users (students) 4.21 "very feasible" this indicates that the development of Computer Based Instruction-based learning media ( CBI) using the Adobe Flash application is very feasible to apply to Multimedia subjects in class XI at SMK Negeri 10 Medan.

Development and Validation of Digital-Based Preliminary Reading Media Instruments

This study aims to develop digital-based learning media instruments for first graders on beginner reading materials. This method of research used research and development that uses the ASSURE model. The instrument used questionnaire and validation sheet. Data analysis techniques are performed by calculating the value of the validity test results. The results showed that; 1) A digital-based learning media in the form of audio-visual has been developed using the kinemaster application for beginning reading material for grade I elementary schools which uses 3 stages of the model, namely: Analyze Learning; State Standards and Objectives; Select Strategic Technology, Media and Materials; 2) The results of the validity test on digital-based beginning reading learning media products that have been developed, as a whole are assessed by the material validator and media design. The results of the score by material experts are 89% in the "Very Valid" category, for media design experts it is obtained with 94% in the "Very Valid" category. Thus, it can be concluded that digital-based early reading learning media in Indonesian lessons for grade I elementary schools is very valid to be used as one of the media in Indonesian subjects.

Penerapan Komunikasi Media Massa dalam Mempromosikan Layanan Pernikahan di KUA Sunggal

This study examines mass media communication activities carried out by the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) of Sunggal District in Deli Serdang Regency in promoting marriage services to the surrounding Muslim community. The implementation of KUA's duties in providing the best service to Muslim audiences should be supported by mass media instruments that explain the processes, procedures, and administrative matters that are the success of marriage in Islam. Adopting descriptive qualitative methods in this study look at the current situation and condition of marriage services at KUA Sunggal so that natural objects can provide a detailed description of the application of mass media communication in it. The data were then obtained by observation, in-depth interviews with informants from the Head of KUA and extension workers as well as official documentation on all matters relating to the object of research. The results of this study found that the role of mass media communication was still weak so efforts were needed and real actions in revitalizing, upgrading, and adjusting to publicity to the public in the era of technological progress 5.0 in the KUA work area, Sunggal District.

ГЕНОЦИД І ПОСТПАМ’ЯТЬ У МЕДІАРЕАЛЬНОСТІ

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study </em></strong><em>is to characterize the phenomenon of the formation of genocide by the tools of media reality creation and to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of the phenomenon of post-memory in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>To study the phenomena of genocide and post-memory, methods of analysis and synthesis were used, and a survey was conducted of students who attended the course «Media content in the information society» (2021 and 2022) in order to reveal the knowledge of the young audience about genocides in world history. The expert interview method was used to reveal the dependence of propaganda tools such as hate speech and creating an image of the enemy, and actions aimed at discrimination and genocide. The method of interpretation is used to work with images of media reality.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>. The mass media are the creators of media reality and are responsible for creating the dominant ideas in totalitarian and near-totalitarian societies, when people’s right to choose and electoral laws replace manipulation and unfair elections. Creating the image of the enemy and hate speech are part of the media image of Ukrainians created in the Russian information space to justify the killing of Ukrainians, genocide. The experience of survival is related to social memory, however, when traumatic memories of experienced cruelty remain unreflected, postmemory takes their place. This term was formulated by M. Hirsch during his research on the Holocaust.</em></p><p><em>The article is devoted to issues of media instruments of genocide as a language of enmity, forming the image of the enemy. The work uses the results of a survey of the student audience, as well as student observations regarding media instruments for the formation of media reality in the context of genocide. Surveys show that the Holocaust is known to a wide audience as the most famous tragedy of the genocide of the Jewish people, but the understanding that similar tragedies happen in the world later and now is not formed. Various media projects should highlight this topic. For Ukraine, this is a period of awareness of the many negative consequences of human discrimination and awareness of the necessity and importance of European values. </em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong> <em>The formation of media reality demonstrates the conditioning of discriminatory media practices, the creation of an image of the enemy, propaganda myths with the actions of an aggressor who commits genocide. Such instruments of creating media reality as hate speech, creating an image of the enemy are also instruments for preparing and carrying out genocide. This condition is traced in the article.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance. </em></strong><em>The results of the research can be used in the process of studying courses on communication, formation of media reality in the specialties «Journalism», «Advertising and Public Relations», «Information Business», media practitioners in matters of studying the instruments of media reality formation </em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>genocide, media reality, post-memory, mass media, anti-discriminatory practices, hate speech, image of the enemy, human rights.</em></p>

The Instrumentality of Social Media in the Representation of Gender in Nigerian Literature

The paper valorises how social media has depicted various evolutions of the representations of gender in Nigerian literature. This has affected people’s cognition, behaviours and emotions in diverse ways. Social media has employed different perspectives or dimensions in depicting a divergent representation of women in contemporary Nigerian literatures and space ostensibly crystallizing some gender polarities and how they sometimes enhance mere demystificatory remarks and exegeses in their interpretations.

E-Kalpin self-management effectiveness as haemodynamic predictor of hypertension patients during the covid-19 pandemic

Abstract
 Background: The intervention program for preventing and controlling hypertension is a challenge for health workers, one of which is by helping individuals do self-management (Self-Care) to overcome hypertension, this can increase their self-confidence (Self-Efficacy) to live with chronic diseases. Self-management is an individual's ability to carry out self-care activities to maintain life, improve, and maintain individual health and well-being. E-Kalpin is a visual-based education developed to improve patient self-management in comorbid patients. Patients can use E-Kalpin as a medium that helps them supervise and control blood pressure.
 This study aimed to see the effectiveness of E-Kalpin's self-management as a predictor of hemodynamics in patients with hypertension during the covid pandemic.
 Method: This study used a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest approach with a control group. The population in this study were all patients with hypertension in the Aur Duri Public Health Center working area with a sample group of 30 respondents. The researcher used the E-Kalpin media as a media instrument which was arranged in the form of a questionnaire to obtain information and data from respondents.
 Results: This study resulted in a relationship between the use of the E-Kalpin application as a medium to assist them in supervising and controlling their illness. The statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0.018, meaning that at 5% alpha there was a significant difference in the average of the kalpin group and the control group. This means that using E-Kalpin can assist people with hypertension in their self-management thus it can be used as a hemodynamic predictor in daily activities.
 Conclusion: Health workers can use E-Kalpin as an educational medium that helps people with hypertension to predict the hemodynamics of the body in controlling blood pressure. For further research, it is recommended to examine various supporting factors or other variables that affect the use of E-Kalpin application media to assist patients in controlling blood pressure.

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS V DI SDS SANTO MARKUS 1 JAKARTA

ABSTRACT: learning motivation can be done by using learning media in helping learning activities. The media that is often used by teachers is audio-visual media in the form of videos through the YouTube application. Youtube contains some unexpected things, namely images and sound so that you can feel it firsthand. Learning motivation is a positive change that comes from someone to do learning activities. This study is a regression study that aims to determine the effect of learning motivation on learning media in science subjects for class V at SDS Santo Markus 1 Jakarta. The data collection technique in this study was in the form of a questionnaire. The learning media instrument consists of 30 questions, there are 19 valid statements with a reliability of 0.910. The learning motivation instrument consists of 30 statements containing 17 valid statements with a reliability of 0.798. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of 17.5%. Of the six components of learning motivation, there is only one component that has a significant effect of 0.021, namely the reward component.

The iSpring Ebook Learning Media for Online Learning Physics: In Case for Improving Student Conceptual Understanding

This study is aimed to determine the effect of learning media, an iSpring e-book, on online learning physics. There are 61 science students of Noemuti State High School participated in this study. The research was used the R&D method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). In the implementation stages, two classes were used in the design quasi-experimental method. Students in the model class are not used iSpring e-book media, while a student in the implementation class used iSpring e-book media. The data in this study were judgments of the feasibility analysis of e-book media using the reproducibility coefficient (Cr). Analysis of differences in concept understanding and interest using N-Gain and effect size d'Cohen. As for the analysis of success indicators using SPSS version 25.0. The results of the validity of the e-book media instrument are feasible with Cr > 0.90. The result of paired sample t-test for both model and implementation classes is the value of t table > t count so that the hypothesis is accepted (Ha) there is a difference between the pretest-posttest values. The results of the analysis of the concept understanding indicators for the implementation class show the interpreting dimension of 91.30 and exemplifying 82.61 with a very good category, while the dimension model class interprets 47.36 with a sufficient category and gives an example of 60.53 good. The results of the analysis of learning interest in the implementation class for the dimensions of feeling happy are 3.56 (high) and involvement 3.69 (very high), while the model class for interest in learning for the dimensions of feeling happy is 3.21 (enough) and involvement is 3.07 (enough). Even though the facilities are constrained, Noemuti High School students are still enthusiastic about taking physics lessons online.

Effectiveness of Learning Electric Power System Transmission using Higher Other Thinking Skill based Simulation

The research discusses the effectiveness of learning in the field of Electrical Power Transmission (EPT). The model developed by applying the Higher Other Thinking Skill (HOTS) strategy using computer simulation media at levels 4 and 5, which is not yet optimal in improving learning outcomes in the EPT field. The HOTS strategy at the level of analysis and evaluation is needed in the study of electric power transmission which has abstract study material through complex mathematical modeling, so it requires HOTS. Measurement of the effectiveness of EPT learning begins with a needs analysis, through 14 questions identifying learning needs. Furthermore, building EPT simulation media equipped with HOTS Practice questions, and Construct Model-Tracking-Simulation and Analysis (CTA) syntax in learning, as a strategy for achieving EPT learning. The media has been validated by 4 experts with the Aiken's V approach through media instrument validation with a value of 0.86 which is declared valid. It has been tested the effectiveness of learning as measured through trials in the experimental class and control class on 22 students in the control class and 23 students in the experiment class (45 respondents). In the control class, an inquiry model is applied, while the experimental class is a CTA based simulation model. From the results of the tests that have been carried out, the average value of the experimental class was 78,53 and 68,57 in the control class. The application of the simulation-based HOTS thinking skills strategy is effectively used by students in EPT learning.

E-Module Based on Tri Kaya Parisudha Effectively Improves Science Learning Outcomes

Thematic book on science learning in elementary schools is still printed, so learning activities have not been optimal in facilitating various learning styles and have not yet integrated characters based on Balinese local wisdom Tri Kaya Parisudha. Therefore, this study aims to produce an e-module to determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research subjects are media, material, and language experts. The test subjects were 35 students. Questionnaire data collection methods and practicality and learning outcomes test for effectiveness. The data collection instrument in the questionnaire consists of; media instruments, materials, linguists, and learning outcomes instruments in the form of multiple-choice tests—analysis of quantitative and qualitative descriptive data. The results of this study are; E-Module Based on Tri Kaya Parisudha in Science Learning with the theme of My Friend's Environment for 5th Grade Elementary School Students through the ADDIE Model. E-Modul validity results; material 5.00 is very good; media 5.00 is very good; language 5.00 is very good. 100% practicality is very practical, and the effective test results are based on one sample t-test with the results of t-count 13.45 > t-table 2.03, meaning that t-count is greater than t-table and based on a smaller significance, namely 0.00 < 0.05, meaning that there is an increase in the average science learning outcomes of elementary school students using e-modules based on Tri Kaya Parisudha in the environmental theme of my friend's science learning.

STUDI LITERATUR REVIEW : ANALISIS PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DALAM MENEKAN ANGKA KESAKITAN COVID 19 DI PASAR

Covid 19 became a pandemic disease in 2019, where handling and prevention can be done by observing health protocols. The implementation of the health protocol above will not be optimal if it is not supported by community compliance with the policy. The implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control efforts in the market really requires the leadership role of market managers and the involvement of cross-sectors and officials in controlling the discipline of the market community. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the application of health protocols in suppressing the COVID-19 morbidity rate in the market. The method used is a literature study. The data used in this study are secondary data derived from national or international scientific articles and case reports in South Jakarta. The databases used are Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science direct Research Gate. Study results from 7 national articles that match the inclusion criteria and topics. This health protocol counseling must be carried out continuously in order to increase public awareness of the dangers of Covid-19 transmission using digital platform media instruments or posters so that the community takes part in disseminating the information

Big Book Learning Media Improves the Moral Behavior of Early Childhood

Many children still do not understand moral behavior, such as the importance of saying thank you and being willing to forgive each other if they make mistakes. Thus, the moral development of children has not developed optimally. This study aims to produce Big Book media to improve children's moral behavior. The development model used in this research is the ADDIE model. The ADDIE model consists of analysis (analyze), design (design), development (development), implementation (implementation), and evaluation (evaluation). In this research, only up to the development stage. The validation of the Big Book media instrument was carried out by three experts, namely material experts and media experts. This study collected data using a questionnaire method to test the media and materials. This study obtained the Big Book media to improve the moral behavior of early childhood, which was declared valid based on expert tests with the CVR and CVI scores being 1.00. The form of the development of the big book media produced is a medium used to improve the moral behavior of early childhood. PAUD teachers can use this Big Book media to improve children's moral behavior.