Media Instruments Research Articles

Measuring Media Use in College Students With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

IntroductionMedia applications have shown promise for health education. The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate a media survey measure and compare media use among college students with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. MethodsUsing a cross-sectional, descriptive design, a convenience sample of college students (N = 53) were recruited. Psychometric testing of the media instrument was performed, and the tool was then used to compare media use among HIV-infected undergraduates (n = 15), other undergraduates (n = 23), and nursing students (n = 15). ResultsPsychometric testing of the media instrument demonstrated a high degree of reliability (intraclass correlation = .998; 95% confidence intervals = .997, .999). All respondents had computers with Internet access and cellular phones. Among HIV-infected undergraduate students, 86.7% reported spending 5 minutes or more viewing television during the previous 24 hours outside of school and or work, in comparison with 34.8% of the other undergraduate students with no known chronic illness and 46.7% of the nursing students (p = .002 and .05, respectively). Preferred modes to access health information and communicate with health care providers for all respondents were the Internet (86.8%) and telephone (62.3%), respectively. DiscussionAssessment of media use among adolescents and young adults will aid in planning for their health education needs.

Conflict Resolution: Military Operation or Peace Deal

Conflict in the form of military operation, terrorism or civil war has a strong effect on the behavior of people and plays destructive role in the activities of government and public lives in the regions. Conflict of one state with another occurs many times for scarce resources but sometimes secondary sources also involved like border or terrorism issues etc. In this research paper main elements of conflict and military operation have been investigated and discussed. There were some effective elements that promoted conflict in the regions. First is the bad administration and lack of good governance that weakens local loyalty for the government. Second was of government’s negligence and wrong policies towards particular issues and areas. Third were economic dislocation, fourth illiteracy, strict culture norms and negative use of media instruments. The media instruments have been used by interest groups to mould the public opinion in their favor. These all elements have open rooms for insurgent groups to have footing and to exploit the situation according to their agenda. In this research paper solutions for conflicts also have been examined by references of different theories and practical examples. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n3p309

The Instrumentality of Media in Evolving and Sustaining Political Goodwill for Credible Governance in Nigeria

Over the years and all over the world, one of the most important components of nation building and development is credible governance. Interestingly, credible governance from observation is, not an independent variable; it logically depends on other important variables for its realisation. One of such variables is political goodwill. In any governance system where political goodwill is entrenched, good governance naturally follows. However, to achieve and sustain political goodwill too, the instrumentality of the mass media cannot be overemphasised. Hence, this study takes a theoretical approach to examine the role of the mass media in achieving and sustaining political goodwill in order to attain good governance in Nigeria. Hinged on social contract theory, the study engages in clear conceptual clarification of relevant concepts and it canvasses for massive political education through the mass media. The study then concludes by enjoining the politicians in Nigeria to see governance as social contract. Keywords: Mass media. Political goodwill, Good governance, Democracy, Social contract

News with Views: Postobjectivism and Emergent Alternative Journalistic Practices in America's Corporate News Media

One of the inchoate yet defining features of journalism in the twenty-first century has been the profession's unannounced but nonetheless consequential repudiation of the time-honored journalistic ethos of “objectivity.” In this paper, I argue that the gradual renunciation of the ideals of objectivity in contemporary journalistic practice, especially in the United States which birthed the concept, is both a return to journalism's roots and a back-handed, if profit-inspired, embrace of certain hallmarks of “alternative journalism,” which emerged as a counterfoil to nineteenth-century notions of “objective journalism.” I demonstrate my thesis by historicizing “objective journalism” and linking its emergence to multiple impulses: industrial capitalism's desire to capture as many eyeballs to consumer goods as possible using the instrumentality of the mass media; the seduction of nineteenth-century positivism, which conduced to the uncritical valorization of epistemic precision, measurability, the “scientific method,” detachment, and other manifestations of naïve empiricism; and the turn-of-of-century delinking of political parties from newspaper business. I also argue that the progressive abandonment of the tenets of “objective journalism” by the legacy media is an artful hegemonic containment of alternative journalism's age-old ideals and singularities. This, I point out, is actuated by the imperatives of survival in an increasingly uncertain and fragmented media market, made even more so by the unexampled discursive democracy and diversity that the Internet has enabled, which has contributed to the flourishing of citizen and alternative journalism.

Restoration of the outer treasury and exhibition of the section of arms and armours in Topkapı palace museum

This article aims at telling the story of restoration and exhibition of the Section of Arms and Armours (the Outer Treasury) in Topkapı Palace Museum. During this process, not only was the structure experiencing restoration and consolidation, but also was the first archeological excavation being realized in a closed space in the Topkapı Palace complex, with the discovery of Byzantine reminiscences underground becoming a significant part of the new exhibiton.After being restored between 2008 and 2010, the Outer Treasury was transformed into a new exhibition project, aiming at the integration of contemporary strategies of exhibition design and technology. Its purpose was not simply to highlight the glory of the Ottoman history, but to engage visitors in a complete sensory experience by making full use of the esthetics of the work of art on display of the Ottoman legacy. Topkapı Palace's architecture, archeology and selected collection of arms and armours are being exhibited by means of contemporary media instruments, such as film, music, graphics and costume arts.

혼합현실공간(MRS)의 미디어환경 특성연구

최근 공간디자인은 온 라인과 오프라인이 융합된 혼합현실 공간으로 진화하고 있다. 그러나 혼합현실 공간의 기준과 척도는 제시된 바 없으며 융합체계로서의 미디어환경과 표현방법 또한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 미디어환경 특성 연구는 유비쿼터스 기술 기반, 혼합현실 공간에서의 임계점으로서 중요한 위치를 차지하는 동시에 다양한 체험공간의 구축방법으로서 혼합현실 공간적 분별을 위한 기준점으로서 네 가지 미디어 환경과 표현특성을 제안하고자 한다. 1)현실공간은 인간의 시 지각에만 의존하여 보여지는 미디어환경으로 디지털 기술기반의 새로운 소재와 LED 등을 이용한 표현방법으로 발전하고 있다. 2)증강현실공간은 정보기기를 이용한 보여 지는 미디어환경으로 다양한 2D, 3D 콘텐츠가 증강되어 표현된다. 3)가상공간은 미디어 기기에 완전히 의존하여 구현되는 환경으로 공간적, 물리적 제약 없이 완벽한 그래픽정보로 표현된다. 4)증강가상공간은 가상의 스튜디오를 구성, 디스플레이를 통해서만 시청할 수 있는 환경으로 실제의 사물과 그래픽정보가 융합되어 표현된다. 혼합현실공간의 미디어 환경과 표현특성은 체험의 목적에 따라 융합, 혼합, 조합되어 공간적, 시간적, 정보적으로 제약 없이 체험 가능한 지능형정보공간으로 구현 가능하다는 것이다. 향후 미디어환경 특성에 따른 콘텐츠의 유형적 특성 연구가 필요시된다. In these days, space design is evolving to the mixed reality space where fused on-line and off-line. But, standard and measure of mixed reality space has not been suggested and there has been little research about media environment and expression method as a mixed system either. That's why here I suggest four media environments and their characteristics that act not only as a critical point in the mixed reality space based on ubiquitous technology but also as a standard for spatial discerning. 1) Real space that is a media environment only seen by human visual and tactical sense is evolving using expression methods like new materials based on digital technology and LED. 2) Augmented reality space is a media environment using information instruments is expressed with diverse 2D and 3D contents. 3) Cyber Space is a environment depends totally on media instruments is produced by perfect graphic information without any spatial and physical limitations. 4) Augmented cyber space is realized only through the displays in cyber studio and is a space where real objects and graphic information are mixed. Depending on the purpose of the experience, media environment and expressional characteristics of mixed reality space can be fused, blended, and mixed, and that can be realized to the intelligent information space where one can experience without spatial, visual, informational limitations. In the future, studies on physical characteristics of contents according to the media environment characteristics are necessary.

Mediaevo o Rinascimento? Un’interpretazione del nodo giovani-consumi culturali

During the last ten years, world has changed mainly because of the mass media spread. The reason of this change could lie in the young people cultural behaviours and in their approach to old and new media. Signs of a new historical revolution can be seen in juvenile cultural trends and practices. Is this the sunrise of a new Media Age strictly linked to media instruments and contents or a Renaissance of old media and ancient cultural behaviours is coming?An extended analysis of statistical data helps to dissipate generalizations and superficial interpretations that regard the cultural relationship among young people, communication and culture. This analysis emphasizes the juvenile activism and pluralism of cultural choices. Most of young people watch TV regularly, but less than in the past. They often read a magazine, and about half of them read a newspaper.Young people use the Internet, but perhaps not as much as we think, and not in the way we think. Most of them spend up to an hour a day on the Internet, and send a few emails everyday. They see the Internet as a useful instrument for getting information or playing, but they rarely use chat sites. Most of them have a mobile phone and use it for up to an hour a day to chat to friends and send text messages regularly.But the more interesting result of the analysis is that most of them spend a lot of time with their friends, going out regularly to cinemas, classical and pop concerts, museums, theatres, exhibitions and clubs.Therefore, statistical data and scientific researches show that young people active way of life is based both on the rediscover of traditional cultural practises and an original use of new media.Surely, italian young people uses loisir as a strong material to build their personality and an original approach to the world.

History of scholarly information and communication: A review of selected German literature

An evaluative review of selected German literature on the history of information and documentation and on the history of the media (instruments) of scholarly information and communication.

Panic at the Port

Media treatment of the Port Arthur massacre fits comfortably into Cohen's (1973) general schema of moral panic but, as the perpetrator's motivation was probed in the inventory and reaction stages, some thematic elements of that panic were stretched (such as gun availability and video violence) while others were cut short (the perpetrator's personal development and racism). Delineating the context of these editorial decisions reveals a shift in the function of moral panic from the socially constructed media event chronicled by Cohen to the hegemonically deployed media instrument symptomatic of the contemporary media environment. Nevertheless the simultaneous shift in the site of moral panic deconstruction from class-based sociology to audience-based media theory suggests trajectories for the subversive use of moral panic. Thus the article per se begins: On Sunday 28 April 1996, Martin Bryant murdered 35 people at Port Arthur, Tasmania and in surrounding districts.