Mechanism Of Behavior Research Articles

How Does the Government Facilitate the Co-Production of Digital Public Safety Services?—Based on Empirical Evidence from Shenzhen

The application of big data technology provides support for the co-production of public safety services. Existing research often focuses on how technology influences co-production, but lacks attention to the key actors that drive co-production and the mechanisms that facilitate it. This study examines the role of government in the digital co-production of public safety services, using the practice of Shenzhen as a case study. Shenzhen has built 125 information systems based on over 100 billion pieces of big data, forming a model of digital safety service co-production. The study reveals three types of digital co-production, characterized by “government-business joint planning, passive participation of businesses and the public, and active cooperation among government, businesses, and the public” in the “design-production-application” stages. The study shows that the government is not only a co-producer but also a proactive actor in activating the willingness of non-governmental entities to participate. Local governments mobilize non-governmental participation through three mechanisms: empowerment, profit enhancement, and value co-creation. The “power-interest-value” paradigm is applicable for analyzing the co-production of public services and helps to explain the transformation mechanisms of co-production behavior.

Transcriptome sequencing reveals the promotion of apoptosis and M1 polarization of microglia under simulated microgravity

The exponential progress in the field of space science and technology has facilitated the prolonged habitation of astronauts in the space environment. However, the neurological and cognitive impairments of astronauts have become major factor that directly impede the successful completion of space missions. Studies have demonstrated that microgravity can diminish neuronal functions and cognitive abilities by altering the microenvironment of the brain (BME). Microglia, vital immune cells responsible for regulating the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, have been identified as the principal contributing elements to the neurological deterioration observed in microgravity conditions. The primary objective of this study was to provide an understanding of the molecular processes underlying the behavior of microglia under conditions of microgravity. Using a Random Positioning Machine (RPM) to simulate microgravity, our study found that microgravity reduces BV2 microglial cell viability, induces M1 polarization, and significantly increases late apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis revealed 142 differentially expressed genes related to microglial phenotype and inflammation, with qPCR validating selected DEGs. These results elucidate the molecular mechanisms of microglial behavior under microgravity, highlighting gene expression changes and cellular damage. This study provides a conceptual framework for comprehending the influence of microgravity on the neurological system, establishing countermeasures against functional damage to the nervous system caused by space flight, and serving as a reference for future deep space exploration and long-term manned space medical support.

489 Examining the clinical utility of dance to support social connection - Explorations at the level of the brain, heart, and body

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Social isolation/loneliness is a public health crisis and one that is unlikely to be solved through pharmacology. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as dance, are needed. The objective of this study is to investigate the physiological correlates of dance-induced improvements in social connection. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants were randomly assigned to participate for 4 weeks (2 times per week, 90-minute sessions) in either 1) improvisational dance training (experimental group; n=7); or a 2) dance movie watching experience (control group; n=7). Before and after the intervention, using mobile brain-body imaging techniques, participants and their instructor had their brain (via electroencephalography) and body physiology (via photoplethysmography) recorded during a series of verbal and nonverbal interactive experiences. Participants were also video recorded via 4 surrounding cameras for later motion capture analysis. Neuropsychological assessments were also conducted before and after the intervention. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found that dance significantly increased social skills including empathy, interpersonal skills, emotional regulation, mindfulness, and attention. Additionally, we found that dance significantly increased interbrain synchrony during nonverbal experiences including theta (4-8 Hz), beta (12-35 Hz), and gamma (35-45 Hz) frequencies in the occipital lobe. Increases in interbrain synchrony were also positively correlated with increases in empathy. Additionally, intercardiac synchrony between the participant and instructor showed a significant correlation at post-intervention only. Future investigations will focus on the relationship between interbrain, intercardiac, and movement synchrony. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings support the idea that dance increases interpersonal synchrony at the level of the brain, heart, and behavior. Understanding the neural and somatic mechanisms of social behaviors will help promote understanding and development of interventions for the critical problem of social isolation and loneliness.

Evaluating the relationship between blood lipids, cardiac risk index, and suicidal behaviors in first-episode psychosis

IntroductionSchizophrenia patients have demonstrated a high prevalence of suicidal behavior. There isn’t yet a definitive explanation of the neurobiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior (SB) in psychotic patients. While subthreshold indices of dyslipidemia were observed in schizophrenia patients, it has shown that there is a relationship between dyslipidemia and suicidal behavior.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate possible associations between SB and lipid profile including cardiovascular biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP) as compared with healthy controls (HC).MethodsThe study sample consisted of 173 subjects (111 male, 62 female). The sample included 31 drug- naïve FEP patients with current SB (FEP+S), 66 drug-naïve FEP patients without SB (FEP-S), and 76 mentally and medically HC subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants to determine total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), and triglycerides (TG). Castelli Risk Index-I, Castelli Risk Index-II, and atherogenic index were calculated. Symptoms were assessed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for pairwise comparisons of account of lipid parameters in three groups. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive power of lipid profile in the presence of SB in FEP.ResultsThe results of Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that a statistical difference was found in TC and TG between groups. Despite statistical significance was observed in TG between all patient groups (FEP+S and FEP-S) and controls, as well as in TC between FEP-S and controls, there was no significant difference between FEP-S and FEP+S for any lipid parameters or cardiovascular biomarkers. No significant correlation was identified between lipid profile and symptom severity. No significant relationships were able to predict the presence of SB in FEP.ConclusionsIn this study, plasma levels of lipid parameters and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in all patient groups (FEP+S and FEP-S) and HC were compared. Current results show no linkage between SB and lipid profile, but significantly lower levels of cholesterol in FEP. Therefore, cholesterol might have a protective role in terms of psychosis while CI1, CI2, and AI were not increased in psychosis. Thus, increased cholesterol levels or cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia patients, that several studies found, may ensue after antipsychotic use. Overall, present findings suggest that lipid profile abnormalities are specifically associated with FEP rather than SB. Controversy of results may reveal that research on SB requires an understanding of whether the patient had concomitant psychosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Study on the performance of alkali-activated phosphorus slag cemented paste backfill material: Effect of activator type and amount

Effective disposal of phosphorus slag (PS) is crucial for ecosystem protection. Herein, this study proposed that Na2SO4 (SS), Na2SiO3 (NS), Na2CO3 (SC) and NaOH (NH) were performed to prepare alkali-activated phosphorus slag cemented paste backfill material (AAPS-PB). The evolution mechanisms of setting time, rheological behavior and mechanical properties at different contents of various activators were systematically investigated. The mineral compositions, bonding structure, micromorphology and pore structure characteristics of AAPS-PB hydration products were further clarified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP). Results indicated that activators were proved to significantly promote the dissolution of PS at appropriate content. NH had stronger alkali activation ability in the early hydration period, whereas NS sufficiently improved the later strength, enhanced the denseness of hydration products and refined the pore structure characteristics. This study expands the avenues for high-value applications of PS.

Dynamic deformation mechanism for distinct flow behaviors in FGH4113A superalloy with high γ′ content during isothermal compression at sub-/near-/super-solvus temperatures

This study examines the flow behavior and deformation mechanism of a FGH4113A superalloy with high γ′ content for different strain rates (0.01–1 s−1) at sub-solvus (1030, 1080 °C), near-solvus (1130 °C), and sup-solvus temperatures (1180 °C). The results indicated that the alloy exhibits four different flow behaviors: rapid softening after reaching peak stress (at 1030–1080 °C), slow softening after reaching peak stress (at 1130–1180 °C/0.1–1 s−1), steady state flow (at 1130 °C/0.01 s−1), and continuous hardening (at 1180 °C/0.01 s−1). The strain rate sensitivity exponent decreases as the flow behavior transforms from dynamic softening to continuous hardening. Moreover, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) fraction decreases with increasing strain rate at sub-solvus temperatures, where an inverse trend was observed at near- or sup-solvus temperatures. These observations are influenced by the interplay of continuous original grain boundary migration (COBM), DRX, and grain growth. Meanwhile, the primary γ′ phase has different roles under distinct deformation conditions. At sub-solvus temperature, the primary γ′ phase facilitates DRX, grain refinement, and coordinated plastic deformation. At near-solve temperature, the primary γ′ phase predominantly contributes to coordinated plastic deformation. At the sup-solvus temperature, the γ′ phase entirely dissolves, with the grains coarsened by COBM continuously undergoing compressed, exhibiting continuous hardening.

Calculation Method of Support Load Zoning and Mechanism of Mine Pressure Behavior in Upward Mining Face across Half of the Goaf along the Panel Direction

The 1515 mining face in Yongming Coal Mine was upward mined across half of the goaf along the panel direction. In this paper, the methods of field measurement, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation were used to study the overlying rock fracture structure, support load characteristics, and the mechanism of mine pressure behavior across half of the goaf. The results indicate that the support load of the 1515 upward mining face across half of the goaf along the panel direction exhibits distinct zoning characteristics. The maximum support load is 1.37 times the minimum support load. The development height of the roof separation in the up-mining area is 1.74 times that in the entity coal area, at 9.1 m and 5.22 m respectively. The height of separation and hanging roof length increase and decrease, respectively, along the initial rock fracture area, tensile fracture area, structural fracture area, and compacted fracture area. Based on the definition of the variation coefficient “m” for immediate roof height and hanging roof coefficient “n”, a partitioned method for calculating support loads in the upward mining face across half of the goaf was proposed. Finally, the key parameter values for support loads in each zoning were provided and validated.

The Mechanical Properties and Mechanisms in Contact-Hardening Behavior of Silica-Alumina Mine Solid Waste

There are some limitations in the application of tuff powder as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Exploring its feasibility in new fields will consume a large amount of silica-alumina mine solid wastes. This study has investigated the mechanical properties and mechanism in contact-hardening of tuff powder with a method of compression molding. The compressive strength of specimens was tested, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) methods were used to reveal the mechanism of contact-hardening of tuff powder from a micro-perspective. The results indicated that the compressive strength of specimens was higher when activated by sodium hydroxide compared to calcium hydroxide. Compared to calcium hydroxide, the compressive strength of TFS20 and TFF20 activated by sodium hydroxide was improved by 20% and 23%, respectively. The hydration degree of tuff powder was very low, with a water–cement ratio (w/c) of 0.15, while the hydration degree of coal gangue powder was higher. The results of TGA and SEM indicated that the sodium hydroxide had a better activating effect on slag and fly ash. Therefore, more C-S-H gels were generated in those samples activated by sodium hydroxide. Furthermore, the structure of samples was more compacted, and there was a reduction of porosity by 10% and 11% for TFS20 and TFF20, respectively, especially the proportion of harmful pores.

Pituitary transcriptome profile from laying period to incubation period of Changshun green-shell laying hens

BackgroundIncubation behaviour, an instinct for natural breeding in poultry, is strictly controlled by the central nervous system and multiple neuroendocrine hormones and neurotransmitters, and is closely associated with the cessation of egg laying. Therefore, it is essential for the commercial poultry industry to clarify the molecular regulation mechanism of incubation behaviour. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to examine the pituitary transcriptome of Changshun green-shell laying hen, a local breed from Guizhou province, China, with strong broodiness, in two reproductive stages, including egg-laying phase (LP) and incubation phase (BP). We also analyze the differences in gene expression during the transition from egg-laying to incubation, and identify critical pathways and candidate genes involved in controlling the incubation behaviour in the pituitary.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that a total of 2089 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the pituitary, including 842 up-regulated and 1247 down-regulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that steroid biosynthesis pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were significantly enriched based on DEGs commonly identified in pituitary. Further analysis revealed that SRC, ITGB4, ITGB3, PIK3R3 and DRD2 may play crucial roles in the regulation of incubation behaviour.ConclusionsWe identified 2089 DEGs and the key signaling pathways which may be closely correlated with incubation in Changshun green-shell laying hens, and clarified the molecular regulation mechanism of incubation behaviour. Our results indicate the complexity and variety of differences in reproductive behaviour of different chicken breeds.

Study on the characterization and thermal conversion behavior of sequential extraction products from medium temperature coal pitch

To achieve the high value-added clean utilization of medium temperature coal pitch (MTP), five fractions were separated from MTP by the sequential extraction method using n-heptane, n-butanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and quinoline as solvents. Briefly, the extracts were analysed using proximate analysis, elemental analysis, fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR), ultraviolet visible spectrum (UV–vis), fluorescence spectrum, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to investigate their structural parameters, aromatic condensation degree and pyrolysis properties. Meanwhile, Raman spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and polarizing microscope were used to quantitatively analyze the microstructures of thermal conversion products of the extracts. This allowed for investigation of the thermal conversion mechanism and determination of the thermal conversion behavior. In fact, the chain index (CH3/CH2), aromatic index (Iar), aromatic condensation degree and thermal stability of the extracts increase gradually with deeper extraction. Extracts with high aromatic condensation degree are more favorable for the formation of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs). However, overly aromatic condensation degree will lead to excessive coalescence of MCMBs. The ideal carbon microcrystalline content increases with higher temperatures during the thermal conversion of the same fraction. But the change of amorphous carbon content has no obvious regularity. The results of this work will provide theoretical and experimental support for the selection of precursors for carbon/graphite materials.

Facile hydrothermal synthesis and continuously improved sonophotocatalytic performance of PO4-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplates

The doping of ionic group composed of various atoms can play a great role in regulating electronic structure, optimizing light absorption capacity, and enhancing the catalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts. Herein, we took a urea-precipitate assisting hydrothermal route for preparing PO4-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplates and discussed the effect of the ionic group doping on the sonophotocatalytic performance toward the degradation of pollutant. The result of the X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) measurements revealed that abundant oxygen vacancies were formed in PO4-doped Bi2WO6 owing to the incorporation of the ionic group, which would contribute to the regulation of electronic structure and activated carriers’ migration rate. The sonophotocatalytic activity toward the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was investigated under visible-light coupling with ultrasonic irradiation. The results showed that PO4-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplates possessed higher sonophotocatalytic degradation rate than pure Bi2WO6. More interestingly, the TCH removal efficiency was continuously improved over PO4-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplates with the assistance of the sulfate radical-mediated technique. Based on the comprehensive discussion and analysis, a possible enhancement mechanism of the sonophotocatalytic behavior was proposed for PO4-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplates catalyst in the presence of peroxymonosulfate.

Serotonergic modulation of vigilance states in zebrafish and mice

Vigilance refers to being alertly watchful or paying sustained attention to avoid potential threats. Animals in vigilance states reduce locomotion and have an enhanced sensitivity to aversive stimuli so as to react quickly to dangers. Here we report that an unconventional 5-HT driven mechanism operating at neural circuit level which shapes the internal state underlying vigilance behavior in zebrafish and male mice. The neural signature of internal vigilance state was characterized by persistent low-frequency high-amplitude neuronal synchrony in zebrafish dorsal pallium and mice prefrontal cortex. The neuronal synchronization underlying vigilance was dependent on intense release of 5-HT induced by persistent activation of either DRN 5-HT neuron or local 5-HT axon terminals in related brain regions via activation of 5-HTR7. Thus, we identify a mechanism of vigilance behavior across species that illustrates the interplay between neuromodulators and neural circuits necessary to shape behavior states.

Neurogenomic landscape associated with status-dependent cooperative behaviour.

The neurogenomic mechanisms mediating male-male reproductive cooperative behaviours remain unknown. We leveraged extensive transcriptomic and behavioural data on a neotropical bird species (Pipra filicauda) that performs cooperative courtship displays to understand these mechanisms. In this species, the cooperative display is modulated by testosterone, which promotes cooperation in non-territorial birds, but suppresses cooperation in territory holders. We sought to understand the neurogenomic underpinnings of three related traits: social status, cooperative display behaviour and testosterone phenotype. To do this, we profiled gene expression in 10 brain nuclei spanning the social decision-making network (SDMN), and two key endocrine tissues that regulate social behaviour. We associated gene expression with each bird's behavioural and endocrine profile derived from 3 years of repeated measures taken from free-living birds in the Ecuadorian Amazon. We found distinct landscapes of constitutive gene expression were associated with social status, testosterone phenotype and cooperation, reflecting the modular organization and engagement of neuroendocrine tissues. Sex-steroid and neuropeptide signalling appeared to be important in mediating status-specific relationships between testosterone and cooperation, suggesting shared regulatory mechanisms with male aggressive and sexual behaviours. We also identified differentially regulated genes involved in cellular activity and synaptic potentiation, suggesting multiple mechanisms underpin these genomic states. Finally, we identified SDMN-wide gene expression differences between territorial and floater males that could form the basis of 'status-specific' neurophysiological phenotypes, potentially mediated by testosterone and growth hormone. Overall, our findings provide new, systems-level insights into the mechanisms of cooperative behaviour and suggest that differences in neurogenomic state are the basis for individual differences in social behaviour.

Microstructural design to Al-6Mg-5Gd alloy for the unification of structural and neutron shielding properties

Design of composition and microstructure can effective improve the structural and neutron shielding properties of neutron shielding materials. Based on the shielding standard of 30%B4C/Al, an Al-6Mg-5Gd (wt%) alloy was designed by Shmakov-Yamamoto model and successfully fabricated by Powder Metallurgy-based routines (e.g., powder fabrication, spark plasma sintering and hot extrusion techniques). By the rapid solidification in the atomization process, the submicron cell structures were formed in powders. Due to the difference in the original powder size, the as-sintered alloys had heterogeneous microstructures, leading to the bimodal grain structures of as-extruded alloys. During these processes, the formation of nano-sized τ(C15) (Al4MgGd) phase in combination with its firstly observed transformation behavior showed the great impacts on microstructure evolutions. Therefore, the as-extruded alloy exhibited the superior yield strength (335±7 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (462±5 MPa) and elongation (10.2±0.3%). Through the neutron absorption test, the as-extruded alloy showed the comparable of macroscopic transmission cross section with 30%B4C/Al. In comparison with the available Al-based neutron shielding materials, our report exhibited the best unification of mechanical and functional properties. The underlying mechanisms for synergic strength-ductility behavior were discussed on the nano-sized phase strengthening, α-Al/τ interface modulation, and bimodal grain features. Critically, this work designed and studied a high-performance neutron shielding material, shedding light on the advanced structural-functional integrated materials.

Incentive mechanism of multiple green innovation behaviors of equipment manufacturing enterprises: A managers, green coordination groups and employees perspective.

Employees play a pivotal role in the implementing of green development strategies and the attainment of dual-carbon objectives within manufacturing enterprises. Effective motivation of employees, fostering consensus on environmental protection, increased engagement in environmental initiatives, and the cultivation of employee cohesion are all vital for fostering green development within these enterprises. This paper seeks to elucidate the roles of general managers, green coordination groups (GCG), and employees in actualizing green behaviors. Furthermore, it advocates for a double incentive model to be employed in the implementing of green strategies within manufacturing enterprises. The research reveals that multiple factors, including incentive intensity, green capability, effort cost, risk aversion, and green variance, significantly influence the formulation of incentive contracts for green behaviors. The motivation level of the general manager directly impacts the efforts of the GCG, the organization's green climate, the manager's individual efforts, and indirectly influences the motivation and efforts of employees towards green behaviors. Notably, the influence of the organization's green climate on employees surpasses than on the manager, underscoring the imperative for collaboration efforts between the general manager and GCG to instill green behaviors among employees. Hence, it is imperative for the general manager and GCG to collaborate not only on critical aspects of green strategy implementation but also in fostering green behaviors among employees. This collaboration will facilitate the development of a multi-layer incentive mechanism aimed at promoting and facilitating the adoption of green behaviors among employees, thus contributing to the advancement of theory regarding employees' green behaviors and offering practical guidance for effectively realizing dual-carbon targets and achieving high-quality development within enterprises.

TAT-HUM: Trajectory analysis toolkit for human movements in Python.

Human movement trajectories can reveal useful insights regarding the underlying mechanisms of human behaviors. Extracting information from movement trajectories, however, can be challenging because of their complex and dynamic nature. The current paper presents a Python toolkit developed to help users analyze and extract meaningful information from the trajectories of discrete rapid aiming movements executed by humans. This toolkit uses various open-source Python libraries, such as NumPy and SciPy, and offers a collection of common functionalities to analyze movement trajectory data. To ensure flexibility and ease of use, the toolkit offers two approaches: an automated approach that processes raw data and generates relevant measures automatically, and a manual approach that allows users to selectively use different functions based on their specific needs. A behavioral experiment based on the spatial cueing paradigm was conducted to illustrate how one can use this toolkit in practice. Readers are encouraged to access the publicly available data and relevant analysis scripts as an opportunity to learn about kinematic analysis for human movements.

From Stress to Screen: Understanding Cyberloafing through Cognitive and Affective Pathways.

This investigation delves into the pervasive yet insufficiently examined phenomenon of "cyberloafing", characterized by employees engaging in non-work-related internet activities during office hours. Despite its frequent occurrence in contemporary work environments, the fundamental mechanisms underpinning cyberloafing remain largely uncharted. This study uses the conservation of resources theory and the cognitive-affective personality system framework to demystify the relationship between role stress and cyberloafing. We developed a dual-path model to assess the mediating roles of perceived insider status and emotional exhaustion. Employing SPSS and Smart PLS for data analysis, our research sampled 210 corporate employees. The findings reveal that role stress predicts perceived insider status and emotional exhaustion significantly. Notably, while perceived insider status negatively correlates with cyberloafing, emotional exhaustion shows a positive correlation. These factors mediate the relationship between role stress and cyberloafing, underscoring a multifaceted dynamic. Our results provide new theoretical insights into the mechanisms of employee counterproductive behavior, specifically in the context of cyberloafing, and broaden our understanding of its determinants. This study illuminates theoretical nuances and offers practical implications for managerial strategies and future scholarly inquiries into organizational behavior.

Research on mechanism of servant leadership on employees' customer-oriented deviance: the mediating role of psychological security and the moderating role of error management climate

PurposeIn the era of the service economy, the personalized needs of customers are increasing rapidly. It often occurs that front-line employees bend organizational rules to help customers. The study sought to explore the influence mechanism of servant leadership on specific dimensions of customer-oriented deviance from the manager’s perspective, examine the mediating role of psychological security, and the moderating role of error management climate in the process.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted an online survey study in China from April 10 to 29, 2023. We use online survey questionnaire technique and random sampling method for data collection. The authors collected 385 questionnaires from China and tested the model by SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0.FindingsThe results show that servant leadership significantly promotes employees' deviant customer-oriented behaviors, psychological security plays a mediating role between servant leadership and deviant customer-oriented behaviors, and error management climate has a positive moderating effect between servant leadership and deviant customer-oriented behaviors.Originality/valueThis study explores the influence mechanism of servant leadership on deviant customer-oriented behaviors. The results of this study not only enrich the theoretical research on the formation mechanism of deviant customer-oriented behaviors but also provide a reference for leaders to correctly view and effectively manage employees' deviant customer-oriented behaviors.

Experimental study and crystal plasticity modeling of additive manufacturing IN718 superalloy considering negative strain rate sensitivity behavior

Revealing underlying mechanisms of IN718 superalloy's negative strain rate sensitivity behavior at elevated temperatures is significantly important for its further applications in extreme conditions. This work investigates the microstructural mechanisms of the temperature-dependent strain rate sensitivity using experimental methods and crystal plasticity characterization model. Firstly, Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques are utilized to observe microstructural characteristics of additively manufactured IN718 alloy at different temperatures. The influence of solute precipitation and dislocation slip interaction on the mechanical properties is discussed. Subsequently, the representative volume element (RVE) model is constructed by using acquired orientation, grain size, and dislocation density data. Finally, the crystal plasticity model incorporating dynamic strain aging and dislocation density evolution is developed to characterize the relationship between strain rate sensitivity and temperature. The model can effectively simulate the transition of strain rate sensitivity of additive manufacturing materials. The results indicate that the increase in dislocation pinning caused by intensified carbon element precipitation at high temperatures is the primary reason of the strain rate sensitivity change observed in IN718 metal materials. The carbon precipitated at the dislocation nucleus induces serration flow in IN718 superalloy under high strain. This study contributes to understanding and characterizing the microscopic mechanisms of deformation in metal materials subjected to thermal environments.

Light Enables the Cathodic Interface Reaction Reversibility in Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

Limited triple-phase boundaries arising from the accumulation of solid discharge product(s) in solid-state cathodes (SSCs) pose a challenge to high-property solid-state lithium-oxygen batteries (SSLOBs). Light-assisted SSLOBs have been gradually explored as an ingenious system; however, the fundamental mechanisms of the SSCs interface behavior remain unclear. Here, we discovered that light assistance can enhance the fast inner-sphere charge transfer in SSCs and regulate the discharge products with spherical particles generated via the surface growth model. Moreover, the high photoelectron excitation and transportation capabilities of SSCs can retard cathodic catalytic decay by avoiding structural degradation of the cathode with a reduced charge voltage. The light-induced SSLOBs exhibited excellent stability (170 cycles) with a low discharge-charge polarization overpotential (0.27 V). Furthermore, transparent SSLOBs with exceptional flexibility, mechanical stability, and multiform shapes were fabricated for theory-to-practical applications in sunlight-induced batteries. Our study opens new opportunities for the introduction of solar energy into energy storage systems.