Meaning Of Autonomy Research Articles

A secularização e a religião como essenciais ao homem

Discutir o tema secularização significa obrigatoriamente tratar do comportamento humano em seu relacionamento social. Nos últimos três séculos, tal acepção remete ao ideal da modernidade de conceber uma sociedade com o direito de organizar a vida civil tendo como recurso apenas a razão livre da tutela da autoridade religiosa. Rousseau, tendo apresentado no Contrato social elementos como a defesa da Soberania e da Vontade Geral, não deixa de causar estranheza que no fim da obra apresente uma proposta de Religião civil. É difícil entender que nos primeiros livros do Contrato surjam proposições que sugerem ser o Estado um corpo político autônomo que apresenta a lei estatuída pelo próprio povo como a expressão das condições da associação civil e, surpreendentemente, depois de todo esse fundamento da autonomia, conclua sua obra com o recurso à religião civil, deixando entender ser a religião um elemento fundamental à sociedade. Certamente, Rousseau representa um marco na difusão e compreensão do tema secularização, mas é preciso entender o fato deste ter certo apreço pela religião enquanto outros racionalistas queriam apenas livrar-se dela ou tinham ideias apenas deístas, filosóficas, abstratas, enquanto as suas concediam mais ao sentimento, e também à religião.

Light, mind and spirit: Paul Willis’s Learning to Labour revisited on and beyond its 40th anniversary

This article is an introduction to a Special Issue dedicated to Paul Willis’s classic Learning to Labour at its 40th anniversary, and beyond. His theoretically informed and theorizing ethnographic study is read, explored, and utilized all around the globe. Its use also stretches across the borders of social, cultural and educational sciences and to manifold research areas and settings. Besides laying out its main content, that is, the answers to the question of how working-class kids let themselves get working-class jobs, this article argues that the most significant contribution of Willis’s study is the way it illuminates, both theoretically and empirically, the meaning of cultural production and cultural autonomy in the midst of ongoing social reproduction of class. This introduction ends by presenting the eight contributions to the actual Special Issue, and with an invitation to Paul Willis himself to take issue with cultural production and cultural autonomy.

A Study of Artworks based on Artificial Autonomy Focussing on Cybernetics and Generative Arts

예술에서 인공성의 요소는 현재에 이르기까지 순수 예술과는 일정 정도 이상의 간극을 지닌 특성으로 간주되어 왔다. 이러한 현상은 사진을 비롯하여 영상(영화) 및 새로운 기술 매체들과 결합한 예술 형식이 등장하고 있는 최근에도 발견할 수 있는데 이는 예술이 지닌 순수성의 원천을 인공성과 대비되는 자연성에서 파악하고자 하는 의도에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 특히 시각 예술의 경우 이미지를 통한 재현의 역사로서 ‘자연적 대상 - 인공적 재현물’이라는 이분법적 구도를 형성해 왔다. 과거 사진은 자연적 인간 주체의 시선이 담겨있지 않은 인공적 기술 매체에 의해 파생된 이미지로 간주되어 예술의 범주에서 소외되었으며 영화 역시 우리의 눈을 현혹시키는 마법과 같은 인공적 기술로서 인식되곤 하였다. 물론 이러한 구분은 기술 매체가 지닌 인공성을 예술의 도구적 특성으로 한정시키며 부분적인 것이 되었다. 즉, 작품을 구성하거나 제작하는 형식으로서의 인공적 기술 매체는 예술의 한 부분으로 인정되었으나 이는 예술 자체의 인공성에 관한 수용은 아니었다. 여전히 예술의 영역에서 인공성은 부차적이며 도구적 수준에서 이해될 수밖에 없었다. 그러나 최근 과학-기술-산업계에서 주요한 이슈로 제기되고 있는 인공적 영역, 특히 자연적 인간 주체의 고유한 특성으로 분석해 오던 지능과 생명, 기억과 인식의 과정이 인공적 단위에서 발생할 수 있음은 예술의 영역에서도 중요한 논의의 출발점이 되고 있다. 인공지능이 인간의 영역을 대체하고 심지어 초월하려는 시도가 창의성을 근간으로 하는 예술의 영역에서도 유효할 것이냐는 문제제기가 그것이다. 본 논문은 이러한 맥락에서 인공적 창의성을 가능하게 만드는 인공의 프로그램 영역이 예술 작품에서 어떻게 나타나고 있는지를 분석하며 그로부터 예술의 인공적 자율성의 근본적 요소에 접근해보고자 한다. 또한 이러한 인공적 자율성의 근간에 인간과 유사한 직관 및 기억의 요소들이 내포되어 있음을 파악하는 것이 주요한 목적이다.From past and present, artificiality in art is regarded as a character which have a distance of fine arts. These streams are found when art-form collaborated with new technology like photograph and cinema appeared in the recent world. It is because there is an ideology that purity of art comes from not artificiality but in nature. Especailly, in visual art, have formed the dichotomous structure of ‘natural object-artificial representation’ as a history of representation through image. In the past, photograph is neglected from category of art by reason of generative image made in artificial technology without human subject’s gaze and cinema also has been recognized as an artificial technology like magic which dazzles us. Of course, this classification define artificiality of technology in instrumental character became a small part of appreciation. In other words, artificial- technological media as a form of constituting and making artworks is was recognized but this is not a certification of art about artificiality. Artificiality in the art scene is still secondary character and appreciated as a instrument. But in these days, the fact that artificiality generate intelligence, life, memory and awareness which are regarded as human-subject’s own traits became a starting point for the discussion in the arts. The problem is that artificial intelligence try to replace and beyond human’s own area and it can be a meaningful point in the art scenes. This study try to analyze how artificial program will appear in the art scene and from this point approach radical element of artificial autonomy. Also main purpose of this study is understanding the implicit meaning of artificial autonomy and the fact that it can be involved institution and elements of memory like a human-being.

The Level of Professional Autonomy in Iranian Nurses

Introduction: Professional autonomy plays an important role in nurses' job satisfaction and the outcomes of patient care. A review of literature shows the presence of nurses' dissatisfaction in regard to their professional autonomy. Aim: To assess the Iranian nurses' perspectives of their professional autonomy. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 150 nurses with bachelor or higher academic degrees and clinical experiences participated. The professional autonomy questionnaire by Blegen MA, composed of the domains of decision-making for ward's affairs and decision-making for patient care, were used for data collection. The data was collected from November 2015 to April 2016 and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean (SD) of professional autonomy was 152.06 (28.181). Also, the means of professional autonomy in the domains of decision-making for ward's affairs and decision-making for patient care were 71.91 (17.687) and 80.15 (13.088), respectively. The majority of the nurses (66.7) stated that they had high levels of professional autonomy. There were statistically significance relationships between the nurses' age, work experience and educational level and nurses' professional autonomy (p<0.05). Conclusion: The nurses had high levels of professional autonomy. Also, the nurses' autonomy in decision-making for patient care was greater compared with decision-making in ward's affairs. Nurse's managers need to consider our findings for improving the condition of nurses' autonomy in healthcare settings.

Digital economy: backgrounds, main drivers and new challenges

The industry development over the last hundred years has had a huge impact on the development of technological infrastructure and life change. Three main components of this development are related to personalization: a car as a personal vehicle and greater personal freedom; a personal computer as a means of intellectual autonomy; a personal phone as a means of freedom of communication and access to information. These three development factors significantly changed the employee psychology and created the conditions for diffusion of qualitatively new, synthesized (cyber-physical) technologies that became the basis of the Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things – two main working concepts of industrial and infrastructural development for the next 20 years. The conventional or classical industrial systems that are dominant to the present day have mainly been based on the principles of human muscle energy replacement, but the technological changes of our days raise the question of the substantial scale of displacement of the living manpower both in production and in management and services. The process of technological and industrial transformation that has already begun will inevitably lead to the transformation of social and economic systems, and here the key problem will not only be the provision of a new quality of economic growth, but also the solution of the employment problem interfacing a new technological platform, the information and social infrastructure of society.

Abstracting the paradigm, discourse and efficacy of autonomy in higher education sector of Kerala

Autonomy means ‘self-norm’ or self-determination. It basically refers to providing freedom to all people who are responsible for the execution of the job itself. A paradigm is a new way of looking or thinking about something, which is a framework containing the basic assumptions, ways of thinking, and methodology that are commonly accepted by members of a community. On the other hand, discourse is formal and orderly and usually extended expression of thought on a subject. Academic autonomy has already been materialized in selected colleges throughout the state and many more colleges are on the verge of getting autonomy. Kerala maintained a reluctant attitude in implementing autonomy in the past but suddenly, a paradigm shift is noticeable which makes the study further interesting.

A Comparative Study of Local Financial Autonomy in Italy, France and Morocco

Financing local communities relies on a complex network of taxes, subsidies and loans. In the last decade the network has undergone numerous transformations .The reforms implanted in past years changed the systems of public finance substantially. Therefore, financial local autonomy is a term that frequently employed in the literature of federalism and decentralization, but it’s rarely defined conceptually in a careful way to empirical research. Generally it expresses the capacity of local communities to have their own revenue and expenditure budget, distinct from that of the state in which revenue can cover expenses incurred to meet their requirements. Indeed it is a highly valued feature of good governance. This paper is dedicated to a study in theory and practice. Starting with an overview on background of theoretical approach of local financial autonomy, then comparing the experiences of two European countries France, Italy and Morocco in the field. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the meaning of local financial autonomy and give a structured overview of the factors that may potentially influence the liberty of sub national authorities with regard of their own revenue and expenditure budget. Based on indicators and taking into account empirical evidences offered by official statistical datas, established in recent years for evaluating the position of administrative territorial units in relation to central government. The analyses prove that there is no universal model of local public finance applicable to all countries, because each has its own specific historical, cultural and linguistic particularities.

Modelo de competencias directivas para la autonomía de gestión y liderazgo en supervisores de educación básica en el marco de las reformas educativas en México

El trabajo de investigación es un avance de la tesis doctoral en Ciencias de la Administración; orientado a la construcción de un modelo propositivo de competencias directivas para la autonomía de gestión y liderazgo en el contexto de la supervisión escolar de educación básica en el contexto mexicano; dentro de la amplia gama de modelos teóricos; organizacionales, de gestión escolar, sociológicos, psicológicos, administrativos; el modelo propuesto se fundamenta sobre dos ejes epistemológicos: autonomía y liderazgo desde un enfoque de competencias. Resultado del debate de los modelos teóricos, se plantea la contemplación viva y un proceso de abstracción de los principios, características y regularidades de la autonomía de gestión y liderazgo para construir una realidad mejorada de las competencias directivas de supervisores escolares. Abordamos los principios de una autonomía responsable, contextualizada y compleja y un liderazgo organizacional. La perspectiva teórica que guía el trabajo se sustenta en conceptos y categorías teóricas de la sociología, la psicología sociocultural, reflexiones filosóficas, los estudios organizacionales, así como los conceptos y dimensiones de la gestión escolar. Se estudia el contexto de las competencias directivas de supervisores escolares de una provincia de México en la perspectiva de la Reforma Educativa, destacando el principio de la escuela al centro, la autonomía de gestión, la ruta de mejora y los consejos técnicos. La metodología utilizada fue la cualitativa para construir los principios del modelo a través de entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales que permitieron “captar” los significados y sentidos de la autonomía de gestión y liderazgo como competencias directivas, pero también se utilizaron elementos de la metodología cuantitativa para identificar las tendencias de competencias directivas a través de un instrumento de competencias intratégicas, estratégicas y de eficacia personal. El modelo propositivo de competencias directivas se estructura en una primera fase denominada fundamentación, una segunda fase es la definición de un perfil deseable de competencias directivas para la autonomía de gestión y liderazgo y la identificación de necesidades de formación y desarrollo de competencias directivas que permitan estructurar el sistema de formación; la tercera fase es la implementación estratégica del modelo con la planificación y evaluación del modelo. Se presentan conclusiones y la bibliografía utilizada.

Substance use disorder and compulsory commitment to care: a care-ethical decision-making framework.

In the era of deinstitutionalisation of psychiatric patients, steady or even increasing rates of compulsory commitment to care (CCC) are an intriguing phenomenon to analyse. From a clinical, legal and ethical perspective, CCC continues to be a controversial practice in psychiatry, and perhaps even more so when applied to patients with severe substance use disorder (SUD). Several reasons make it controversial. The lack of consensus about the benefits of CCC and professional disagreement about what mental illness and autonomy mean in the case of SUD make it difficult to apply ethically sound clinical decision-making in CCC. Also, the medico-legal framework underlying CCC use sometimes appears to foster the use of reductionist clinical evaluation. Layered on top of these issues is how stakeholders view coercion. There is a discrepancy between clinicians' and patients' perception of coercion, which leads to clinician-patient differences on whether CCC is necessary. Moreover, the way in which the evaluation is typically carried out influences patients' perception of coercion and subsequently their motivation for participating fully in treatment. In this article, we explore the value of care ethics, often applied to care practices such as nursing, when applied to more procedural medical practices, such as decision-making regarding CCC. The care-ethical approach views decision-making as part of a dynamic care process, within which the lived experience, interpretative dialogue and promotion of dignity are core features. Embracing this new framework means a paradigm shift in when the therapeutic relationship begins, namely, investing in it occurs while conducting an evaluation for a possible CCC procedure. Unlike in current typical evaluations, early cultivation of the therapeutic relationship enables the patient to participate in the definition of his needs, reduces perceived coercion and negative emotions and enhances treatment motivation. Finally, implications of this novel approach for clinical practice are formulated and discussed.

The Future of Reproductive Autonomy.

In a project The Hastings Center is now running on the future of prenatal testing, we are encountering clear examples, both in established law and in the practices of individual providers, of failures to respect women's reproductive autonomy: when testing is not offered to certain demographics of women, for instance, or when the choices of women to terminate or continue pregnancies are prohibited or otherwise not supported. But this project also raises puzzles for reproductive autonomy. We have learned that some clinicians and patients do not discuss the fact that prenatal testing can lead to a decision about whether to terminate a pregnancy-they just don't talk about it. And while the decision whether to agree to prenatal screening and diagnostic testing is to be made with women's free and informed consent, many screening tests have been routinized in such a way that some women do not even recall agreeing to testing, while others feel that agreeing to testing is what their clinicians expect of them or that the testing is necessary to protect themselves and their families from the significant financial hardship of raising a child with a disability. In the face of these pressures, can one really say that women are freely choosing to undergo testing or are freely choosing to continue or terminate a pregnancy following receipt of test results? The reality of these pressures is requiring us to consider expanding the scope of our investigation beyond the clinical encounter to the broader context-to think harder about what reproductive autonomy means and how best to enhance it.

Autonomy and the ambiguity of biological rationalities: systems theory, ADHD and Kant

ABSTRACTWe present a theoretical review of notions of autonomy to show how they organize discourses within social sciences around the biological reality of ideal self-regulating individuals. First, we reconstruct key meanings of autonomy in biological theory, focusing on theories of autopoietic systems and their connections to constructivist epistemologies in the social sciences. Second, we discuss developmental and neuropsychological theories of self-regulation, demonstrating conceptual links with biological and systems theory. Third, we discuss the implications for education, using the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as an example on how the construction of the biological, as the natural foundation of individuality, is intensified by the ideal integration of individuals as self-regulated agents. We argue that autonomy, theoretically rooted in modern philosophy, and expanded through system theory to biological and social sciences, has become a biopolitical project contributing to contemporary biological rationalities that produce the educated subject.

TEACHERS� UNDERSTANDING OF LEARNER AUTONOMY IN INDONESIAN CONTEXTS: FINDINGS FROM HIGH SCHOOLS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS

Learner autonomy has become one of the main topics in the current research and conferences in Indonesia. This suggests that learner autonomy has received more attention in Indonesian contexts. However, there has been no space for discussions about the meaning of learner autonomy from high school teachers points of view. A multi-case study conducted by Agustina (2017) has found diverse understanding of autonomy as reported by Junior High School English teachers in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This paper discusses those teachers understanding in a more detailed way along with the implications when the concept is understood differently. This paper supports Agustinas argument that the diversity in understanding and developing autonomy should be anticipated since teachers have different beliefs about autonomy. Referring to Agustinas findings this paper proposes the need to consider the consequences of allowing the presence of various understanding of learner autonomy particularly when it is set as an educational goal.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2017.200206

Autonomy and Accountability of the UN in Peacekeeping Operations: The Case of the Central African Republic

This article explores the tension between autonomy and accountability of international organizations with a focus on the role of the United Nations in the context of peacekeeping operations. What triggered the interest in this particular matter was the recent failure by the UN in the Central African Republic to prevent and respond to allegations of sexual exploitation and/or abuse crimes committed by UN peacekeepers. A more theoretical analysis of the meaning of autonomy in the law of international organizations will be followed by a practical examination of issues of accountability and existing mechanisms to address them. The assessment of the current legal and judicial framework is followed by a further exploration of the main challenges and possible alternative solutions to bridge the gap between two mutually constitutive concepts. The primary (and modest) purpose of this analysis is to attempt to plant legal seeds that can not only grow into an ethical and accountable culture within the un but also be instrumental in preventing abuses and be strong enough to remain in place when the public spotlight on crimes has been turned off.

Etiology and Manifestations of Iatrogenesis in Pediatrics.

There is general agreement in the literature of what ought to occur following iatrogenic harm. Senior members of the team should disclose what occurred and how the problem will be remedied. Those involved should express heartfelt regrets and apologize sincerely. But in the pediatric setting, parents, as surrogates, can sometimes place clinicians on the horns of a dilemma: respect parental autonomy, which may involve continuing nonadvised therapy, or uphold the patient's best interests, which may indicate another course of care. In other cases, clinicians themselves may initiate or continue care without real benefit. The young patients who may be harmed as a result often cannot understand an explanation, an apology, or, when warranted, receive reparation; what duties are owed them? In this paper, we first discuss iatrogenesis writ large and then propose the formulation of this concept in this latter context, where harm occurs as a result of counterpoise between two or more ethical obligations, which we term counterpoise iatrogenesis. We then articulate its etiology and manifestation through two true cases. We conclude with a re-examination of the meaning and function of autonomy in pediatrics and the designation of secondary victims.

Think Quality Not Quantity: Repeat Appointments and Arbitrator Challenges

Repeat appointments of an arbitrator by the same counsel or party are not uncommon in arbitration, with some even claiming that an ‘inner mafia’ decide the majority of cases. Whether this poses a problem for arbitrator independence or impartiality has been described as ‘highly controversial’. The 2014 IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest expressly identifies repeat appointments as an Orange List circumstance providing possible grounds for challenge, but this has been described by commentators such as Gary Born as ‘poorly-considered’ and ‘relatively extreme’. This article suggests that reports of systemic favouritism have been exaggerated and numerical limits on repeat appointments should be rejected. I begin by outlining in section 2 the two contrasting approaches that authorities faced with such challenges have adopted: a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. Section 3 examines the legal standards that parties typically subscribe to and argues that they cannot and should not be interpreted to favour the quantitative approach. Section 4 scrutinizes the main reasoning processes that allegedly link repeat appointments to an appearance of bias and suggests that they rely on untenable generalizations. Finally, section 5 assesses the quantitative approach from its impact on party autonomy. I suggest that respecting party autonomy means that the quantitative approach must not be adopted except where parties have explicitly agreed so.

The Ambiguous Construction of Nondominant Masculinity: Configuring the “New” Man through Narratives of Choice, Involved Fatherhood, and Gender Equality

This article explores the development of gender equality-oriented (heterosexual) masculinity discussing the challenges of constructing nondominant masculine identities in the context of the Danish welfare state. Combining narrative methods with the theoretical framework of masculinity as cultural repertoire, the article offers a qualitative study examining how three Danish men construct (gender) identity in relation to being the partners of career-oriented and high-achieving women. Analyzing the men’s narrative negotiations of power, gender, and self, the article identifies three central narratives produced by the men to render themselves and their family arrangements intelligible and desirable. Considering how the narratives of (1) choice, (2) involved fatherhood, and (3) gender equality work as strategies to negotiate and reconstruct the meaning of compliance and autonomy, I delineate and discuss how traditional notions of what it means to be a man are simultaneously preserved and destabilized. Thus, the article demonstrates that, while nurturing practices and the loss of traditional male breadwinner authority can be positively reconstituted within the Nordic ideals of intensive parenting and gender equality, a fear of male subordination still seems to affect the construction of masculine selves even among gender equality–oriented “new” men.

An exploration of autonomy and independence among community dwelling people aged 85 and over

IntroductionThe number of people aged over 65 in Westernised countries is increasing year by year and the population of those over 85 years is growing even more rapidly (Ministry of Social Development, 2015). Statements from governments concerning this have included affirmations that older adults are an esteemed and valuable resource for our communities along with exhortations to those older adults to optimise their health and to continue to contribute to society (Office for Senior Citizens, 2014 ; United Nations, 2002). This optimistic approach is opposed by more negative cultural strands in Western society which focus on the losses of old age, and see the ageing population as an economic threat. The pervasive negativity may be internalised by older adults. Research has found that older people are sometimes still the subject of abuse and neglect, and that these situations develop from negative beliefs and attitudes about older people (Breitholtz, Snellman, & Fagerberg, 2013; Dwyer, Gray, & Renwick, 2000). The ability to be autonomous and independent is a significant factor in how adults negotiate the challenges of old age. A qualitative research project was therefore conducted in New Zealand in 2015 to investigate the meaning of autonomy and independence among a small group of older adults.BackgroundAutonomy literally means 'self-rule' (Welford, Murphy, Rodgers, & Frauenlob, 2012) and is a commonly cherished value in Western societies today (Agich, 2003). In health care literature, the concepts of autonomy and independence are frequently found together or used interchangeably and their definitions tend to vary according to the discipline in question (Agich, 2003; Sandman, 2005). One useful conceptualisation of independence is presented as one of four aspects of autonomy in which a person has the capacity to act on the decisions they have made (Sandman, 2005). The other three aspects of autonomy are self-determination where a person acts according to their own choices, freedom which refers to the realistic alternatives a person has, and desire fulfilment which means that the person obtains what they really want.Studies investigating the opinions of older adults about their independence and decision-making have shown that it is highly important to older adults to maintain independence and control in their lives (Doyle, 2010; Haak, Fange, Iwarsson, & Ivanoff, 2007; White & Groves, 1997). A determination to stay out of residential care is supported by strenuous efforts to do everything necessary to keep their independence (Heathcote, 2000; Wiles, Leibing, Guberman, Reeve, & Allen, 2012). For example, Haak et al. (2007) interviewed independent people in their 80s who lived at home, and expressions of determination included forcing themselves to be as independent as possible, because they believed independence equated with a life worth living.Strategies used by older adults for achieving the goal of maintaining independence may include relinquishing less important activities due to a reduction in function (Mallers, Claver, & Lares, 2014). When help at home is needed, researchers have found that if older adults have control over how the help is received then dependence on others is acceptable to them (Haak et al., 2007; White & Groves, 1997). A lack of control results in disempowerment and one Australian study described an exacting home help service that exerted control over the clients' living space, daily timetable, relationships and pets to the point where one client described herself as a 'stressed outsider' in her own home (Doyle 2014).On a government level in New Zealand, a response to the growing population of older adults was to commission research in 1999 investigating the factors that enabled older adults to maintain their independence (Dwyer et al., 2000). The report by Dwyer et al. (2000) revealed that experiences and choices throughout the person's lifespan have a significant impact on how they will manage the challenges of old age. …

Bioethics, Autonomy, and Self-Determination in Patients Admitted to a Teaching Hospital for Treatment of Substance Use Disorder

The aim of this article is to evaluate moral-psychological development, autonomy, and self-determination in patients with substance use disorder (SUD). Moral-psychological development was assessed using a tool to determine individuals’ decision-making ability. Our qualitative approach was based on ethnographic research and participant observation. Fifty per cent of the patients (n = 9) were found to be in the conformist stage, 39 per cent (n = 7) were in the conscientious stage, and 11 per cent (n = 2) were in the autonomous stage, according to Loevinger’s stages of ego development. Our field observations revealed issues of social belonging, symbolic aspects of the treatment, distinction between autonomy and self-determination, and re-signification of the meaning of autonomy. All patients were considered able to make decisions in their best interests, taking into account their stage of moral-psychological development according to Loevinger’s stages. They were also equipped to produce moral arguments to legitimize their actions.

The research progress of nurses' professional autonomy at home and abroad

To discuss the definition of nurses' professional autonomy at home and abroad, to understand the status quo of the development of professional autonomy and to explore the role and meaning of nurses' professional autonomy, in order to seek the way to make nurses in our country give full play and perform the professional autonomy and to improve the professional quality of nurses. Key words: Nurse; Professional autonomy

Moderators of the personality-performance relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether job meaning and job autonomy moderate the relationship between emotional stability and organizational citizenship behavior.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 190 supervisor-subordinate dyads completed three surveys. Linear and curvilinear analyses were used to assess the data.FindingsResults indicate emotionally stable individuals are more likely to perform OCBOs in low autonomy and/or low job meaning situations than are employees low in emotional stability. Conversely, individuals who have high autonomy and/or high meaning jobs are likely to engage in OCBOs regardless of personality.Research limitations/implicationsAs a survey-based research study, causal conclusions cannot be drawn from this study. Results suggest future research on the personality-performance relationship needs to more closely consider context and the potential for curvilinear relationships.Practical implicationsManagers should note that personality may significantly affect job performance and consider placing individuals in jobs that best align with their personality strengths.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on factors which may have led to erroneous conclusions in the extant literature that the relationship between personality and performance is weak.