Meaning Of Proper Names Research Articles

Proper names in cognitive onomastics: Meaning and categorization of proper names

This theoretical paper gives an overview about how proper names and different name types exist in the mental system, also showing new solutions provided by the cognitive perspective in connection with old questions of name theory. Cognitive onomastics is a relatively new approach to the study of proper names based on a cognitive approach to language. In this framework, names as linguistic elements are parts of the cognitive system, thus mental representation and usage of proper names can be described by general cognitive processes. The overview of topics and directions of cognitive onomastic research shows that studying names and naming in a cognitive framework has a lot of potential. Providing further evidence of the advantages of the cognitive approach, the paper discusses two controversial issues of name theory. First, the meaning of proper names is addressed from a cognitive perspective, pointing out the complex meaning matrix of this word class; then the categorization of proper names is discussed, i.e., how the networks and subnetworks of names emerge within the mental lexicon.

REFLECTION OF THE CULTURAL-NATIONAL SPECIFICITY ANTHROPONYMS AND TOPONYMS OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF A MULTICULTURAL PERSONALITY

The article examines the role of national specificity of anthroponyms and toponyms in the formation of a multicultural personality. It is known that language preserves culture and passes it on from generation to generation, therefore it plays a significant role in the formation of personality, national character, ethnic community, people, nation. The purpose of the article is to identify the reflection of culture in gaps: using the example of Kazakh anthroponyms and toponyms, which have great potential in the formation of a multicultural (secondary) linguistic personality. Knowledge of the lacunae of a linguistic personality allows you to expand your understanding of the world and better understand the behavior of representatives of other cultures. According to scientists, the culture of the people is clearly reflected in anthroponyms and toponyms that represent the linguistic picture of the world, as well as preserving ethnocultural information in their foundations, which is evidence It’s about the peculiarities of the worldview, worldview, and worldview of the people. In the theoretical part of the article, the research of Yu.N. Karaylov, L.P. Klobukova, V.V. Krasnykh, A.I. Izotov on the formation of a linguistic personality is examined in detail; in the practical part, an analysis is made of the works of the Kazakh scientist T. Dzhanuzakov on the role of names own in cultural and national specifics. The article makes an analysis, compares previously expressed opinions about the meaning of proper names in national-cultural specifics, that the names of people and toponyms are a large component of the ethnic group, representing the way of life, beliefs, historical events, culture of the people, which are an integral part linguistic picture of the world, more Moreover, they directly reflect the historical course of events. The article draws a conclusion about the process of studying any non-native language as a practice of intercultural communication, since every new word or phraseological unit reflects the national culture, which is determined by national consciousness

Интерпретация имен собственных в косвенных кон­текстах: именование de re и фикции

The author explores the meaning of proper names and other types of singular terms in the context of propositional attitudes, combining the problems of empty names, rigid designators and non-specific reading. An object in the attitudes can be given to the agent as such (de re), in the description (de dicto), as well as in several intermediate ways. From the analysis of the phe­nomenon of rigid designation, I move on to the theory of the object, where I consider two alterna­tives — strict, or Leibnizian, and weak. The first explains the actual non-existence by impossi­bility, the second — by occasionality. Here there are two ways of defining non-existent (fiction­al) objects — kinship and the counterpart relation, which are realized in frames that are different in their features. Nonspecific character is inherent in the kinship and counterpart relation in different ways. A special case is formed by hybrid worlds in which the real and the fictitious meet. The result of my analysis is five variants of a weakened de re reading of proper names and other singular terms in the context of attitudes. I describe their features, touching on the cogni­tive effect of narration, which operates with the appropriate attitudes.

Differential and empirical model for describing psycholinguistic meanings

The paper is devoted to the problem of semantics of proper names. Nowadays, in linguistics, there are different points of view on the nature of the semantics of proper names. This paper states the discovery of a new kind of meaning of proper names - psycholinguistic. This concept is based on the use of experimental methods for studying the meanings of words, which involves an appeal to the consciousness of native speakers. Psycholinguistic experiments were carried out by us in Voronezh. Subjects - 330 students. The method of free and directed associative experiment was used. Various toponyms (“Moscow”, “St. Petersburg”, “Volgograd”), including “Voronezh”, were used as a stimulus material. According to the results of experiments on the stimulus “Voronezh”, a total of 1,055 verbal associative reactions were obtained. Then the semantic interpretation of associative reactions was carried out, which consists in understanding the reactions as linguistic representations of certain signs of the denotation - semantic components. As a result, the psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was formulated, which is very different from its meaning in toponymic dictionaries. We call this new kind of meaning psycholinguistic.

Homographic Proper Names: On Peculiarities of Pronunciation Registration

The article considers phonetic variants of English proper names that comprise homographic groups, and some impairments during their registration in pronouncing dictionaries. The authors present the results of lexicographic and comparative analysis of units extracted from two pronouncing dictionaries: "Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary" by D. Jones and "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary" by J. Wells using the continuous sampling method. Particular attention is focused on the methods of registration and completeness of phonetic notation of homographs pronunciation. A number of peculiarities are noted in recording semantics, phonetic-and-orthographic variations in some homogroups in British and American English. Clear inconsistency and insufficiency of lexicographic parametrization of both homographic proper names and their national and social pronunciation variants, as well as the meanings of common and proper names are revealed. The conclusion is made about the accuracy of "Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary" in terms of registering several British and American variants of onyms pronunciation, supplemented by additional comments on the phonetic variants and meanings of numerous types of proper names (anthroponyms, toponyms, ergonyms). The data obtained are required for differentiating the meanings of proper names, correct use of onyms and appellatives in oral speech, as well as for compiling dictionaries and reference books.

REFERENCES OF PROPER NAMES AS THE PROBLEM OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

This article investigates the idea that meanings of proper names are their references which is popular in the philosophy of language. The aim is to show, first, that there is no satisfactory answer to the question “How references as stable relations between words and objects appear, due to accomplishment of what conditions these properties of linguistic expressions may be produced?”, and, second, that we can still use the notion of reference in our explanations of some effects of communication if we treat reference as pragmatic rather than semantic phenomenon. The actuality of this research is provided by the fact that the identification of meanings of certain types of terms, proper names first of all, with their references is still very influential account in the philosophy of language. The author uses the methods of historical exposition and philosophical analysis of the main theories of reference, such as theory of descriptions and causal theory of reference. It is shown that these theories in their different modifications fail to explain how references as semantic relations between proper names and their bearers may be produced in the course of communication and social interaction. But although there are alternative concepts of the nature meanings of proper names it is concluded that we still may apply the notion of reference in our explanations of natural language communication if we treat reference as pragmatic effect caused by mutual coordination of actions achieved by the participants of certain communicative situation.

On the Literal Meaning of Proper Names

One of the main arguments in favor of metalinguistic predicativism is the uniformity argument. The article discusses one of its premises, according to which the Being Called Condition gives the literal meaning of proper names. First, the uniformity argument is presented. Second, the article examines a challenge by Jeshion (2015a) and a recent response by Tayebi (2018). It is then argued that Tayebi’s response is unsound. Finally, two sets of facts are discussed, which provide independent evidence against the literal meaning thesis.

M. D. Chulkov’s novel “The comely cook or a Dissolute Woman’s Progress”: Onomatopoeia and mythological implication

The meaning of proper names always attracted the scientists of different humanitarian spheres. The researchers of literary texts also paid much attention to the names of characters since special semantics is hidden in such names. In this article we deal with M. D. Chulkov’s novel written in the 18th century. Here the linguistic and cultural analysis of the names in the novel “The Comely Cook or A Dissolute Woman’s Progress” has been made. The parallels with the Russian folklore tradition help to highlight the mythopoeic implied sense of this work.

Pszicholingvisztika, neurolingvisztika és névkutatás

The paper demonstrates that onomastics may significantly benefit from the results of psycho- and neurolinguistics, while the limits on the use of these advances are also discussed. In psycholinguistics, the category of proper names has appeared only rarely for many decades; the word group has only been researched since the 1980s. However, these relevant analyses are still considered relatively peripheral. In the 2000s, interests in the representation of proper names in the nervous system were expressed by neuroscience, especially in neurolinguistics, akin to psycholinguistics. Since then researchers have applied rapidly developing electrophysiological and imaging techniques, and have been eager to explore the relevant neural relations. The author highlights four fields in which the results of these research projects may help name studies: 1. the meaning of proper names, 2. the categorisation of proper names into a word class, 3. the unit status of proper names, 4. the acquisition of proper names.

Nazwy własne w „Słowniku mimicznym dla głuchoniemych i osób z nimi styczność mających”

This study aimed to characterize proper names from the “Slownik mimiczny dla gluchoniemych i osob z nimi stycznośc mających” written by Jozef Hollak and Teofil Jagodzinski. This lexicon, targeted at deaf people, their families and friends was edited in 1879. Among the collected proper names, there are anthrophonyms and geographic names. The analyses have shown the similarities and differences between proper names in the Polish Sign Language and the ways of signing the collected onyms indicated by the authors of the dictionary. Results of the analysis confirm that the aim of the dictionary was to become a useful tool in the process of explaining the articles of faith and the Bible. What is more, the structure of the dictionary proves that this is not the lexicon of the Polish Sign Language, but a two-language dictionary that translates vocabulary from Polish language to the Polish Sign Language. This is why the analyzed lexicon does not present the natural system of proper names characteristic of the Polish Sign Language, but rather illustrates different ways of adapting proper names in Polish language to the methods of signing that are possible in Polish Sign Language. The ways of signing proper names indicated by the authors of the dictionary were not aimed at the facilitation of communication with deaf people, instead they reflect the meaning of proper names.

Meta-linguistic Descriptivism and the Opacity of Quotation

The paper unfolds a non-modal problem for (moderate) meta-linguistic descriptivism, the thesis that the meaning of a proper name (e.g. ‘Aristotle’) is given by a meta-linguistic description of a certain type (e.g. ‘the bearer of “Aristotle”’). According to this theory, if ⌜α⌝ is a proper name, it is a sufficient condition for the name’s being significant that the description ⌜the bearer of ⌜α⌝⌝ is significant. However, a quotational expression may be significant even when the expression quoted is not. Therefore, proper names and their corresponding descriptions cannot be synonymous, and the corresponding descriptions cannot be viewed as giving the meanings of proper names. So, even if it was immune to Kripke-style modal criticisms, moderate meta-linguistic descriptivism would still seem to founder on the rocks of the opacity of quotation.

Intención comunicativa y nombres propios en la traducción española de Porterhouse Blue

The meaning of proper names has been thoroughly discussed by many areas of knowledge, chief among which are Philosophy of Language, Linguistics and Traductology. In the present article the issue is analyzed from the point of view of the author’s communicative intention and how the reader of the work processes it. More specifically, our work is referred to the novel Porterhouse Blue, by Tom Sharpe, and its translation into Spanish. Taking into account the intention of the author in choosing or creating certain proper names for characters, places, literary works and nicknames, we analyze the translation strategies applied in order to discover if the author’s intention is still present in the translation and available to the reader of the translated version

Peut-on sauver un sens de dénomination pour les noms propres ?

This study revisits the classic problem posed by the meaning of proper names, and proposes a procedural approach to this problem, by analysing the meaning of proper names as an instruction to find in long-term memory the referent that carries the proper name in question. This is a revision of my earlier theory of ‘naming predicates’ (Kleiber 1981), which captures the meaning of proper names like Louis in terms of paraphrases of the form “the x who is called Louis”. The concept of ‘naming predicate’ was meant to provide an alternative to the inadequacies of the two classic approaches to the meaning of proper names, viz. theories that analyse proper names as semantically empty (e.g. Mills, Kripke 1972) and theories that analyse proper names in terms of uniquely identifying descriptions (Frege, Russell 1956). An analysis in terms of naming predicates (‘the X called Louis’) gives proper names an abstract type of meaning, thus avoiding the disembodied sign that results from analysing them as semantically empty, and at the same time does not go to the other extreme of incoporating aspects of the referent in the proper name’s meaning, thus avoiding the well-known problems with referential identity (e.g. Tullius = Cicero) and the related puzzles of transparence and opacity. In spite of these descriptive advantages, further research has shown that there are a number of problems with the notion of ‘naming predicate’. One of these problems concerns the status of proper names in ‘naming constructions’ like I am called Louis. Applying a naming predicate analysis to such constructions either leads to infinite regression (Wilmet 1995), or — if Louis in the naming predicate ‘the x called Louis’ is regarded as a phonetic form rather than a proper name — to a denial of proper name status in the very construction that expresses the naming link between proper name and referent (Jonasson 1982). Another problem concerns the cognitive naturalness of an analysis in terms of ‘naming predicates’. While this analysis is quite natural in contexts like There is no Louis in this office, it works less well in contexts like This painting is a real Picasso and, most importantly, in prototypical uses like Louis is a painter and a sculpturer, where a naming predicate analysis solely identifies the referent as the carrier of the proper name. These problems have led me to propose a revision to the theory of naming predicates. The descriptive advantages of using the naming relation between proper name and referent as the basis of the semantic description are obvious, which means that this aspect of the theory needs to be maintained. What causes most of the problems, however, is associating this naming relation with a predicate. As an alternative, I propose to reanalyse it in a procedural sense, not as a predicate describing the referent but as a procedural instruction to look for the referent that carries the proper name. This puts proper names in the domain of indexical signs like deictic elements. Common nouns, on the other hand, are not indexical in this sense but stand for concepts, which means that indexicality only comes into the picture when deictic elements are added.

Proper Names: Ideas and Chains

Chains, well I can't break away from these chains[… ]And they ain't the kind that you can see.(“Chains,” Gerry Goffin and Carole King)The main aim of this paper is to present a certain notion — that of Coordination — and an associated requirement — the Coordination Requirement (CR) —,and to show how they help us to better understand the communicative role of proper names. A second aim of the paper is to use these notions to defend the kind of view I favour regarding the meaning of proper names — a certain kind of descriptivist theory — by showing that this view is not subject to two seemingly powerful considerations against it that have been provided from two different camps: one from the anti-descriptivist camp (by Saul Kripke in Naming and Necessity), another from the neo-Fregean camp (by Richard Heck in The Sense of Communication). In dealing with these matters, I will have to discuss the role that complex individual concepts (or ideas) play in allowing us to understand and use proper names.

Beyond Rigidity: The Unfinished Semantic Agenda of Naming and Necessity

In this fascinating work, Scott Soames offers a new conception of the relationship between linguistic meaning and assertions made by utterances. He gives meanings of proper names and natural kind predicates and explains their use in attitude ascriptions. He also demonstrates the irrelevance of rigid designation in understanding why theoretical identities containing such predicates are necessary, if true.

Philosophy of Language and Logical Theory: Collected Papers

The content of this book provides a unified and coherent treatment of a number of important issues in the philosophy of language and logical theory. Topics that are addressed include the nature of linguistic meaning and the conditions of synonymy, meaning and reference in relation to proper names, the conditions of illocutionary acts, and the reference or 'aboutness' of sentence-in-use, the nature of symbols and metaphors, and their similarities and differences. Contents: Vagueness, Ambiguity, Open Texture, Meaning and Verifiability; Vagueness; Vaugueness, Verifiability and Metaphysics; Vagueness, Meaning and Absurdity; Ambiguity; The Meaning of Proper Names; Symbols and Metaphors; Metaphor-I; Symbols and Metaphors; Metaphor-II; Language and Speech; Language and Commitment; Conditions of Illocutionary Acts; Language and Speech as Institution and Practice; Wittgenstein, Goodman, Frege and Kripke; Common Names and Family Resemblances; 'About'; Frege on Concepts; Kripke and Frege on Identity Statements.

The Sense of Communication

In recent years, something of a consensus has emerged concerning Frege's distinction between sense and reference.' According to the Hybrid View, the contents of beliefs and other propositional attitudes are characteristically intensional: the content of a speaker's belief that a is F may differ from the content of her belief that b is F, even if a is b. But, the story goes, the meanings of sentences are another matter: if the terms t and u are co-referential (and the predicate Fu is extensional), then the meanings of the sentences rt is F' and ru is F' cannot differ So, for example, one' s belief that is may well have a different content from one's belief that is Hesperus, though is indeed Phosphorus. (Following Frege, I shall call the content of a belief, so understood, a thought.) On the other hand, the sentences is Phosphorus and is Hesperus have the same meaning, precisely because is Phosphorus. Thus, Frege was right about belief, but wrong about the meanings of proper names. Something like Frege's notion of sense is needed in a proper account of belief (and other propositional attitudes), but no such notion is needed in an account of the meanings of sentences (except, perhaps, in an account of the meanings of intensional operators). The wide acceptance of the Hybrid View2 derives in part from the agreed force of arguments for the claim that belief is intensional (in the

Comments on Two Papers on the Semantics of Proper Names

AbstractIn September 1985, papers on the semantics of proper names, by Bengt Pamp and Vibeke Dalberg, appeared in Names. noth authors discuss the question whether there are “semi-appellatival” proper names, arriving at different answers, depending on their different views on the kind of meaning of proper names. Pamp uses the term semantic feature in an unconventional way, referring to the individual speaker's associations awakened by the name. Dalberg fails to hit a point, namely that one can talk about names that possess appellatival (descriptive) meaning, but only in the case the speaker in question is already informed of the properties of the denotatum. Dalberg is correct in saying that, theoretically, there is a demarcation line between appellatives and proper names. The essential criterion of a proper name is that it lacks classifying properties (generalizing power) and reference conditions.

Belief, Linguistic Behavior, and Propositional Content

In this paper, I present solutions to four related problems for the Millian Theory of the meaning of proper names. These solutions are based on a new view about the connections among belief, linguistic behavior and propositional content, and on a hypothesis about the kinds of beliefs we reason from when we reason from our beliefs. In section I, I state several assumptions that guide this effort. In section II, I present three rival views about the connections among belief, linguistic behavior and propositional content. In section III, I review the four problems to be solved: the problem of significant (or non-trivial) true, identity sentences; the problem of apparent failures of the substitutivity of codesignating names in propositional attitude contexts; and two problems raised by Kripke's puzzle about belief.' In section IV, I state and explain my hypothesis about the kinds of beliefs we reason from when we reason from our beliefs. In section V, I present solutions to the four problems.

What's in name ? Problems of meaning and denotation apropos of a corpus of Selk'nam personal names

This article treats problems which have long been subject to debate : do proper names have meanings ? Are they linguistic signs ? In an attempt to offer a response, a model is presented concerning the meaning of proper names, utilizing the Saussurian dichotomy parole I langue . This model distinguishes two categories of meaning and proposes that all proper names originally had a meaning and that some (still or do) have meaning or traces thereof. With respect to the second problem, the Saussurian definition of the linguistic sign is introduced. While the meanings of common nouns are accounted for by the signified (concept), this cannot be true of proper names because not all have (or no longer have) meanings. The second part of the article introduces the corpus of Selk'nam names.