Maximum Exposure Research Articles

A Monte Carlo Analysis of Actual Maximum Exposure From a 5G Millimeter-Wave Base Station Antenna for EMF Compliance Assessments.

International radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure assessment standards and regulatory bodies have developed methods and specified requirements to assess the actual maximum RF EMF exposure from radio base stations enabling massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming. Such techniques are based on the applications of power reduction factors (PRFs), which lead to more realistic, albeit conservative, exposure assessments. In this study, the actual maximum EMF exposure and the corresponding PRFs are computed for a millimeter-wave radio base station array antenna. The computed incident power densities based on near-field and far-field approaches are derived using a Monte Carlo analysis. The results show that the actual maximum exposure is well below the theoretical maximum, and the PRFs similar to those applicable for massive MIMO radio base stations operating below 6 GHz are also applicable for millimeter-wave frequencies. Despite the very low power levels that currently characterize millimeter-wave radio base stations, using the far-field approach can also guarantee the conservativeness of the PRFs used to assess the actual maximum exposure close to the antenna.

Does emotional valence modulate word recognition? A behavioral study manipulating frequency and arousal

Effects of emotional valence have been observed in lexical decision tasks, suggesting that valence information modulates early word recognition. However, is still unclear the processing advantage of the different valence categories, and how these advantages might be modulated by word frequency and arousal. To clarify this question, a lexical decision task was designed using emotional words as stimuli. Emotional words were divided into three categories: 60 positive, 60 negative, and 60 neutral words. Word frequency was manipulated into low and high conditions and arousal was controlled among experimental conditions (word valence and frequency). In the first experiment, 54 participants performed the task with a maximum stimuli exposure time of 2000 ms. In a follow-up experiment, 42 participants performed the same task with two shorter fixed time exposures (150 ms and 300 ms). The results were similar between experiments: positive words were recognized faster and negative words were recognized slower than neutral ones. Furthermore, this valence effect was modulated by word frequency, affecting only words that take longer to be recognized (low-frequency words). However, the valence by frequency interaction was attenuated for high-arousal words when the pressure to respond was high (short exposure time - 150 ms). Overall, the results confirm that the emotional status of a word can affect word processing at early stages when automatic processes are taking place.

RF-EMF Exposure Measurement for 5G Over Mm-Wave Base Station With MIMO Antenna

The fifth-generation (5G) technology offers more capacity and data rates than the previous generations. It provides ultra-low latency and ultra-high dependability, allowing for efficient services in many industries. Using radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) above 6 GHz in 5G millimeter Wave(mm-Wave) base stations has concerned many people due to the potential health risks caused by EMF exposure. This study aims to measure the maximum exposure emitted by a 5G mm-Wave base station by utilizing international standards in both its assessment methodology and exposure limits. In this study, the R&S Ⓡ TSMA6 scanner, R&S Ⓡ ROMES4 software, and R&S Ⓡ TSME30DC down converter have been used for the measurement campaign; in addition to the user equipment device (UE), GPS, and an omnidirectional antenna. The investigation is based on a code selective method due to the radiated power fluctuations over time with data traffic. To conduct the measurement, six tests are taken based on three different time frames, antenna directions, and user equipment device (UE) to investigate the RF-EMF exposure. The maximum and average exposure from the 5G mm-Wave base station are calculated and compared with the ICNIRP standard. The maximum exposure from the 29.5 GHz base station is found to be 5.71 V/m, and the highest amount of average exposure is 2.02V/m. In this study, it was found that the maximum and average exposure (RF-EMF) produced from a single 5G mm-Wave base station are well within the allowed RF-EMF standard limit.

Analysis of 5G Base Station RF EMF Exposure Evaluation Methods in Scattering Environments

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) develops and validates methods for assessing radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposure due to base stations (BS). When the assessment is performed in- situ, it is recommended to extrapolate the maximum level of exposure from measurement of stable signals, such as broadcast signal with BS of the 5^th generation (5G) of mobile communication systems (gNodeB). A comparative statistical analysis of extrapolation methods based on nominal antenna pattern (as measured in an anechoic chamber) and effective antenna pattern (as measured in scattering environment) of gNodeB is presented in this paper. This theoretical analysis shows that extrapolation with nominal antenna pattern may lead to significant overestimation of the maximum RF EMF exposure (up to 5.4 dB) in case of scattering environment or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. This overestimation is expected to be reduced by using effective antenna pattern in order to better represent the actual propagation conditions, such as those found in urban or dense urban areas. Therefore, it is recommended to perform extrapolation of the maximum exposure based on joint modeling of antenna beam pattern and representative value of the angular spread (AS) for the targeted deployment conditions. This conclusion was obtained from the observed consistence between two different approaches for determination of effective antenna gain. The first approach assumes statistical simulations with full three-dimensional (3D) channel model, especially distribution function of AS. The second approach enables simpler calculation of the effective antenna gain in scattering environment or NLOS conditions by considering only representative values from the full range of AS distribution function. The proposed simple method, if used with representative realistic values of AS, could reduce overestimation of RF EMF exposure resulting from an extrapolation factor based on nominal antenna gains of broadcast and traffic beams.

Design and Analysis of SWIPT With Safety Constraints

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has long been proposed as a key solution for charging and communicating with low-cost and low-power devices. However, the employment of radio frequency (RF) signals for information/power transfer needs to comply with international health and safety regulations. In this article, we provide a complete framework for the design and analysis of far-field SWIPT under safety constraints. In particular, we deal with two RF exposure regulations, namely, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the maximum permissible exposure (MPE). The state of the art regarding SAR and MPE is outlined together with a description as to how these can be modeled in the context of communication networks. We propose a deep learning approach for the design of robust beamforming subject to specific information, energy harvesting, and SAR constraints. Furthermore, we present a thorough analytical study for the performance of large-scale SWIPT systems, in terms of information and energy coverage under MPE constraints. This work provides insights with regards to the optimal SWIPT design and the potentials from the proper development of SWIPT systems under health and safety restrictions.

Prevention of Melasma in Pregnant Women: Aspects of Approach in Aesthetic Treatment

In the gestational period, several changes can occur in the woman's body, almost all the body's systems can undergo modifications, among them is the skin. One of the main changes that occur in the skin is melasma or pregnancy stain, which is the most common in the pigmentary changes of pregnancy. Hyperpigmentations are, in general, disorders distinguished by an increase in melanin and other pigments in the skin. The main triggers for the emergence of melasma are: sex hormones solar radiation and external agents, sources of free radicals. Melasma is characterized by irregularly shaped, brownish melanic pigmentation that appears mainly on the face, and may appear in the 1st or 2nd trimester of pregnancy, especially in women who are of childbearing age and also with phototypes IV and V. During pregnancy, the use of photoprotection correctly is essential for skin protection and to prevent the appearance of melasma, it is always recommended to use sunscreen daily, being applied 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapplying whenever necessary, avoiding the maximum sun exposure between the hours of 10 am to 4 pm. After pregnancy, there may be a large increase in hyperpigmentation, so some professionals indicate treatment after weaning, with some whitening substances such as glycolic acid, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, and can be associated with combined therapy, that is, in some cases, associate diamond pelling, which is a device with a sandpaper at the tip where it produces a sanding in the epidermis. , thus generating cell renewal. It is extremely important that pregnant women receive, at the beginning of pregnancy, all the information on prevention of melasma, and care with adequate photoprotection, thus avoiding psychological suffering and changes in their self-esteem.

Tailoring the activity and selectivity of Rh/SiO2 for the selective hydrogenation of phenol by CoOx promotion

The CoOx promoted Rh/SiO2 catalyst, with a Co/Rh ratio of 1/3, had the highest activity (i.e., a phenol conversion of 98.1%) and selectivity to cyclohexanol (i.e., 99.4%), due to the formation and maximum exposure of the active Rh–CoOx interfaces.

Safety of hydrothermally treated kernels from edible Jatropha curcas L. (Chuta) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on hydrothermally treated kernels from edible Jatropha curcas (Chuta) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. Although Jatropha curcas is generally considered a toxic plant due to the presence of phorbol esters (PEs), edible varieties exist in Central America. The applicant has developed a breeding programme for an edible cultivar and proposes the kernels from this cultivar as an NF as whole kernels or fragments thereof to be used as a snack or as a food ingredient. Procedures are in place to avoid commingling with non‐edible kernels, with the last steps being the analytical control of PEs concentrations in all produced batches. The Panel considers that the production process of the NF is sufficiently described and that the information provided on the composition of the NF is sufficient for its characterisation. Components of the NF were tested for genotoxicity applying the standard in vitro test battery and no genotoxic concerns have been identified. In a conservative scenario for exposure to PEs from the NF, it was assumed that all kernels contain PEs at the level of detection of the analytical method. When comparing the estimated maximum exposure to PEs with a reference point from a subchronic study in pigs, a margin of exposure ≥ 900 is obtained, which is considered sufficiently large. The presence of anti‐nutritional factors does not pose safety concerns as they are within the ranges found in vegetables. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.

Effectiveness of sunscreens and factors influencing sun protection: a review

The effectiveness of sun protection depends directly on the photo-protective product employed, the way it is used and the amount applied. Many studies report that sunscreens are often applied incorrectly, at amounts much lower than those recommended for the sun protection factor (SPF) specified on the label. When not used properly, the effectiveness of the product against sun exposure damage is reduced. Currently, sunscreens are available in a variety of different formulations and types, such as stick (bar), aerosol, cream, lotion, oil, tanning formulations and makeup. However, developing an effective stable photo-protective formula that can be correctly applied regardless of type poses a challenge, as effectiveness is dependent on several factors. Factors influencing effectiveness include sun exposure conditions (direct or indirect), level of protection (SPF), amount of product applied, maximum exposure period before reapplication, product type (spray, lotion, etc.), layer thickness required, coverage, and ability to spread and permeate into the skin. Studies comparing the effectiveness of different forms of sunscreens, the amount of product applied by consumers and SPF and UVA protection determined by validated methodologies, are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the available literature on the topic and discuss the effectiveness of sunscreen formulations and factors influencing sun protection. This review was carried out on the scientific databases MEDLINE, PubMed and Scielo. Of the many publications retrieved, thirty-nine articles most relevant for this review were selected.

Energy Efficiency Optimization of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Electromagnetic Field Exposure Constraints

This work considers the problem of energy efficiency maximization in a RIS-based communication link, subject to not only the conventional maximum power constraints, but also additional constraints on the maximum exposure to electromagnetic radiations of the end-users. The RIS phase shifts, the transmit beamforming, the linear receive filter, and the transmit power are jointly optimized, and two provably convergent and low-complexity algorithms are developed. One algorithm can be applied to the general system setups, but does not guarantee global optimality. The second algorithm is provably optimal in a notable special case. The numerical results show that RIS-based communications can ensure high energy efficiency while fulfilling users' exposure constraints to radio frequency emissions.

Methodology Based on Vector and Scalar Measurement of Traffic Channel Power Levels to Assess Maximum Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation Generated by 5G NR Systems

Maximum-Power Extrapolation (MPE) for mobile telecommunication sources follows an established paradigm based on the identification and measurement of a channel that acts as a power reference. Prior to the 5G era, the role of reference channel has been played by always-on broadcast signals since they had the great advantage of being always transmitted at the maximum power level allowed for a generic signal channel. However, the beamforming implemented by 5G sources obliges us to rethink this approach. In fact, with beamforming the 5G source can transmit data traffic streams through a beam characterized by a much higher gain than the broadcast one. This implies that the detected power for traffic beams could be much higher than the corresponding power of broadcast beams. In this paper, a novel approach for 5G MPE procedure is presented, where the direct measurement of the received power of a traffic beam is used to assess the maximum exposure generated by a 5G system. An innovative specific experimental setup is also proposed, with the use of a User Equipment (UE) with the aim of forcing the traffic beam toward the measurement positions. In this way, it is possible to directly measure the power of each Resource Element (RE) transmitted by the traffic beam. As opposed to other MPE proposals for 5G, the discussed technique does not require any correction of the measured data since it relies only on the traffic beam pointing toward the measurement position, simplifying the overall MPE procedure and thus reducing the uncertainty of the MPE estimated field strength.

Synthesis and performance of PdMulti@HCS catalysts with Pd nanoparticles partially embedded in the inner wall of hollow carbon spheres for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen

PdMulti@HCS catalysts ensure the maximum exposure of Pd active sites and optimal transfer and diffusion ability for H2O2 synthesis.

Оптимизация проведения сочетанного курса лучевой терапии у больных раком прямой кишки

Due to the new rapidly developed technological equipment for radiotherapy available in cancer clinics, the study of the optimal combination of topometric preparation of a patient with planning and the delivery of treatment in order to achieve the main goal of radiation therapy – maximum exposure of the foci with minimal damage to healthy tissue. The reduction of dose to critical or-gans and healthy tissues in general is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the paper is to explore the possibility of optimization of the combined radiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer, with account of advanced approaches to topometric preparation of a patient and dosime-try planning. Six patients 47-59 years of age, with the stage III of the lower ampullary rectal can-cer, received two-phase pre-operative combined radiotherapy at the Tomsk Cancer Research In-stitute NMRC. The Phase 1 – distant radiation therapy delivery in standard mode with a single fo-cal dose (ROD) of 2 Gy, 5 times a week, totally 20 fractions, to focal dose (SOD) of 40 Gy. The Phase 2 – intracavitary radiation therapy, ROD – 3 Gy, SOD – 15 Gy, locally in the tumor area, 2 times a week, total number – 5 fractions. The conventional radiation therapy planning was carried out with the use of the XiO 3-D dosimetry planning system for the "Theratron Equinox 80" (radia-tion of the isotope Co-60, Egamma=1.25 MeV), gamma-therapeutic apparatus, and for the SL75-5-MT (Electron braking radiation, E=6 MeV) linear accelerator. For conformal radial therapy the plan-ning system for linear accelerator «Elekta Synergy» (electron brake radiation, E=6 MeV) is used. For intracavitary radiotherapy the dosimetry planning system HDRPlus for the apparatus "Multi-Source" (radiation of isotope Co-60, Egamma=1.25 MeV) is used. Radiation doses to critical organs of pa-tients with lower ampullary rectal cancer exposed to combined course of radiotherapy was calculated. It has been shown that the use of advanced techniques for pretreatment topometric preparation of a patient and dosimetry planning makes possible optimization of combined radiotherapy with account of radiation doses to critical organs.

Dose conversion coefficients to marine biota due to natural radionuclides in an oil spill accident using Monte Carlo simulation

The crude oil that reached the Brazilian coast in 2019 was the most significant environmental disaster ever recorded in Brazilian marine waters, with severe ecological and economic repercussions not fully dimensioned and understood. One consequence of this kind of oil spill is the absorbed dose delivered to marine organisms. The biota exposure to radiation can introduce consequences that range from fertility decrease to death of exposed population. Therefore, the current study aims to use the ICRP reference organisms (flatfish, crab, and brown seaweed) to assess marine biota exposure due to uranium and thorium series radiation. The oil spill scenario, as well as the reference biota, were simulated in MCNP. Thorium series stood out for presenting a significant contribution to the dose. Furthermore, it was noticed that a remedial action capable of removing Tl-208 would significantly decrease the effects of radiation on marine biota. Finally, dose conversion coefficients for both uranium and thorium series were obtained as oil activity concentration functions. The results obtained here can be used in an oil spill event along with other worldwide recognized models. In addition, the dose coefficients can be used strategically to assess the maximum exposure time for emergency oil control, removal, and mitigation.

SARS-CoV-2 IgG Surveillance in Asymptomatic Blood Donors and Health Workers.

Materials and Methods 2085 blood donors were allowed to donate blood only after fulfilling all the criteria laid down by the FDA of India with additional history of excluding COVID-19 suspects. IgG antibody testing was performed by chemiluminescence, and results were noted along with their reactive status. Their reactive status was analyzed with donor information to get an idea of the risk parameters for COVID-19. Medical healthcare workers in whom the study was carried out were 560, out of which 114 had worked in COVID-19 duties and 446 had worked in non-COVID-19 emergencies areas. COVID-19 area duties were further subdivided into triage, holding area, isolation, and COVID-19-related duties. The samples were run on architect i2000 and evaluated for their plasma immunoglobulin G. Results Amongst the asymptomatic blood donors, 1.9% was found to be COVID-19 IgG antibody positive. It was observed that maximum COVID-19 IgG positivity (57.1%) was seen in the age group 18–29 years followed by 26.2% in the age group 30–39 years. Donors in the age group 40–49 years showed antibody positivity of 16.7%, and no antibody-positive donors were found above 50 years of age. COVID-19 IgG positivity was maximum in replacement donors (61.9%) followed by family donors (28.6%) and least involuntary donors (0.6%) Blood donors who showed high IgG positivity were mainly of labor class. Antibody IgG testing on medical healthcare workers showed 2.3% positivity. The healthcare workers who were posted in COVID-19 duties showed 4.8% positivity in the holding area (waiting area with the treatment of patients till their RT PCR report comes) and 5.7% in other COVID-19 areas related to laboratory work. Healthcare workers doing duties in COVID-19 areas showed 2.7% positivity, while those doing duties in non-COVID-19 emergency areas showed a positivity of 2.2%. Conclusion Our study shows that the prevalence of detectable antibodies was low in the general population in India and many patients were asymptomatic as seen in the blood donors, especially the labor class. Maximum exposure was present in young healthy males of labor class who remained asymptomatic. The healthcare workers were more exposed to COVID-19 as compared to the general population probably due to lack of precaution and awareness. Those doing non-COVID-19 duties were also exposed appreciably and needed to take all the precautions required for COVID-19 duties.

Safety of MRI in patients with retained cardiac leads.

PurposeTo evaluate the safety of MRI in patients with fragmented retained leads (FRLs) through numerical simulation and phantom experiments.MethodsElectromagnetic and thermal simulations were performed to determine the worst‐case RF heating of 10 patient‐derived FRL models during MRI at 1.5 T and 3 T and at imaging landmarks corresponding to head, chest, and abdomen. RF heating measurements were performed in phantoms implanted with reconstructed FRL models that produced highest heating in numerical simulations. The potential for unintended tissue stimulation was assessed through a conservative estimation of the electric field induced in the tissue due to gradient‐induced voltages developed along the length of FRLs.ResultsIn simulations under conservative approach, RF exposure at B1 + ≤ 2 µT generated cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM)43 < 40 at all imaging landmarks at both 1.5 T and 3 T, indicating no thermal damage for acquisition times (TAs) < 10 min. In experiments, the maximum temperature rise when FRLs were positioned at the location of maximum electric field exposure was measured to be 2.4°C at 3 T and 2.1°C at 1.5 T. Electric fields induced in the tissue due to gradient‐induced voltages remained below the threshold for cardiac tissue stimulation in all cases.ConclusionsSimulation and experimental results indicate that patients with FRLs can be scanned safely at both 1.5 T and 3 T with most clinical pulse sequences.

Self-compacting concrete between workability performance and engineering properties using natural stone wastes

The current work aims at studying the chemical and mineralogical composition in addition to the physical properties of natural stone wastes as cement replacement and their effect on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concretes (SCC). In the present study, two types of natural stone wastes were used: carbonaceous stone wastes (C) and siliceous stone wastes (S). The chemical, mineralogical, and physical characterization of the different wastes were performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water pycnometer, and Specific surface area.Nine SCC mixes coded (Ref., C10, 20, 30, 40% - S10, 20, 30, 40%) were formulated by incorporating four proportions of each type of the stone wastes other than the reference mix. The initial and final setting times, fresh density, air content, flowing - ability by slump flow, filling ability by T500 and V-funnel time, passing ability by L-box, U-box, and block assessment by J-ring were measured for the fresh mixes. For the hardened mixes, the water absorption, density, voids, compressive, flexure, and splitting tensile strengths were tested, in addition to their resistances against water penetration and chloride ion penetration, as well as sulfuric acid attack.The results revealed a slight to noticeable enhancement in the workability performance of SCCs with increasing stone wastes proportions. Using up to 40% stone wastes led to an increase in the flow- and passing-abilities by not less than (1.45%, 4.88%), while decreasing in the filling times by not less than (7.14%, 30%) as compared to the reference mix with a slight sign of bleeding and lacking an evidence of segregation or blocking.Using up to 10% stone wastes has an insignificant drop in the water absorption and density, compressive, flexure, and splitting tensile strengths values by not more than (1.64%, 0.42%, 3.65%, 3.88%, 10.51%), respectively at late age. A better resistance toward the sulphuric acid attack, in terms of strength and mass loss, was noticed for all replacement levels by not less than (17%, 13%), respectively at maximum exposure time, as compared to the reference mix.

English

BACKGROUND The corona virus disease - 19 (COVID - 19) pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, as well as major social, educational and economic disruptions. Hospital staff have maximum exposure making it extremely crucial to find a solution to reduce the disease burden among the hospital staff. A sample of 170 consecutive hospital staff infected with COVID in the months from May 2020 to December 2020 was studied. It was a retrospective study done by analysis of out-patient department (OPD) and indoor patient records in that time period.The purpose of this study was to assess different sources and types of exposure of hospital staff to COVID 19 infection and prevent episodes of infection in hospital staff. METHODS Survey of 170 COVID positive staff at a tertiary hospital was conducted and their potential sources of infection were documented. Source of infection could be other staff in hospital, room mates, patients, patient relatives, family, personal protective equipment (PPE) donning and doffing errors. Types of interaction could be in covid or non-covid areas of the hospital or during clinical encounters or social encounters within the hospital. RESULTS Nurses (46 %) and doctors (29 %) constitute 75 % of the total heath care staff infections in the hospital. Desk job staff, attendants, food and beverage workers and drivers together constitute 25 % of the total health care staff infections in the hospital. The most common sources of infection were found to be social interaction and patient interaction. The infections were acquired much more in the non-covid areas of the hospital than in the covid areas. 65 % of infections were acquired within three days of exposure and 87 % of total infections were acquired within 6 days of exposure. 77 % of infections were acquired within the hospital premises in patient and social interaction cases. CONCLUSIONS Staff acquisition of COVID was found to be significantly higher in non-covid than in covid areas. Social distancing measures, mask use, hand hygiene, attention to PPE would help in significant drop in new COVID infections in hospital. KEY WORDS COVID 19, Infection, Health Care Workers, Pandemic Prevention

Characterisation of a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Torch for Medical Applications: Demonstration of Device Safety

The safety and effectiveness of plasma devices are of crucial importance for medical applications. This study presents the novel design of an atmospheric plasma torch (SteriPlas) and its characterisation. The SteriPlas was characterised to ascertain whether it is safe for application on human skin. The emission spectrum discharged from the SteriPlas was shown to be the same as the emission from the MicroPlaSter Beta. The UV emitted from the SteriPlas was measured, and the effective irradiance was calculated. The effective irradiance enabled the determination of the maximum UV exposure limits, which were shown to be over two hours: significantly longer than the current two-minute treatment time. The use of an extraction system with a higher flow rate appears to reduce slightly the effective irradiance at the treatment area. The NOx and ozone emissions were recorded for both SteriPlas configurations. The NOx levels were shown to be orders of magnitude lower than their safety limits. The ozone emissions were shown to be safe 25 mm from the SteriPlas cage. A discussion of how safety standards differ from one regulatory body to another is given.

Highly Efficient Candlelight Organic Light-Emitting Diode with a Very Low Color Temperature.

Low color temperature candlelight organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are human and environmentally friendly because of the absence of blue emission that might suppress at night the secretion of melatonin and damage retina upon long exposure. Herein, we demonstrated a lighting device incorporating a phenoxazine-based host material, 3,3-bis(phenoxazin-10-ylmethyl)oxetane (BPMO), with the use of orange-red and yellow phosphorescent dyes to mimic candlelight. The resultant BPMO-based simple structured candlelight organic LED device permitted a maximum exposure limit of 57,700 s, much longer than did a candle (2750 s) or an incandescent bulb (1100 s) at 100 lx. The resulting device showed a color temperature of 1690 K, which is significantly much lower than that of oil lamps (1800 K), candles (1900 K), or incandescent bulbs (2500 K). The device showed a melatonin suppression sensitivity of 1.33%, upon exposure for 1.5 h at night, which is 66% and 88% less than the candle and incandescent bulb, respectively. Its maximum power efficacy is 23.1 lm/W, current efficacy 22.4 cd/A, and external quantum efficiency 10.2%, all much higher than the CBP-based devices. These results encourage a scalable synthesis of novel host materials to design and manufacture high-efficiency candlelight organic LEDs.