Prevention of Melasma in Pregnant Women: Aspects of Approach in Aesthetic Treatment

Abstract

In the gestational period, several changes can occur in the woman's body, almost all the body's systems can undergo modifications, among them is the skin. One of the main changes that occur in the skin is melasma or pregnancy stain, which is the most common in the pigmentary changes of pregnancy. Hyperpigmentations are, in general, disorders distinguished by an increase in melanin and other pigments in the skin. The main triggers for the emergence of melasma are: sex hormones solar radiation and external agents, sources of free radicals. Melasma is characterized by irregularly shaped, brownish melanic pigmentation that appears mainly on the face, and may appear in the 1st or 2nd trimester of pregnancy, especially in women who are of childbearing age and also with phototypes IV and V. During pregnancy, the use of photoprotection correctly is essential for skin protection and to prevent the appearance of melasma, it is always recommended to use sunscreen daily, being applied 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapplying whenever necessary, avoiding the maximum sun exposure between the hours of 10 am to 4 pm. After pregnancy, there may be a large increase in hyperpigmentation, so some professionals indicate treatment after weaning, with some whitening substances such as glycolic acid, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, and can be associated with combined therapy, that is, in some cases, associate diamond pelling, which is a device with a sandpaper at the tip where it produces a sanding in the epidermis. , thus generating cell renewal. It is extremely important that pregnant women receive, at the beginning of pregnancy, all the information on prevention of melasma, and care with adequate photoprotection, thus avoiding psychological suffering and changes in their self-esteem.