Abstract
The fifth-generation (5G) technology offers more capacity and data rates than the previous generations. It provides ultra-low latency and ultra-high dependability, allowing for efficient services in many industries. Using radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) above 6 GHz in 5G millimeter Wave(mm-Wave) base stations has concerned many people due to the potential health risks caused by EMF exposure. This study aims to measure the maximum exposure emitted by a 5G mm-Wave base station by utilizing international standards in both its assessment methodology and exposure limits. In this study, the R&S Ⓡ TSMA6 scanner, R&S Ⓡ ROMES4 software, and R&S Ⓡ TSME30DC down converter have been used for the measurement campaign; in addition to the user equipment device (UE), GPS, and an omnidirectional antenna. The investigation is based on a code selective method due to the radiated power fluctuations over time with data traffic. To conduct the measurement, six tests are taken based on three different time frames, antenna directions, and user equipment device (UE) to investigate the RF-EMF exposure. The maximum and average exposure from the 5G mm-Wave base station are calculated and compared with the ICNIRP standard. The maximum exposure from the 29.5 GHz base station is found to be 5.71 V/m, and the highest amount of average exposure is 2.02V/m. In this study, it was found that the maximum and average exposure (RF-EMF) produced from a single 5G mm-Wave base station are well within the allowed RF-EMF standard limit.
Highlights
The globe is witnessing a massive flood of data because of mobile network subscribers and online platforms [1]
It can be noticed from the data that there is a slight difference in the amount of produced exposure between the first test which is without user equipment device (UE), and the other tests that the UE device was connected to the BS, so the UE does not have a noticeable impact on the measurement results
The maximum exposure called the worst-case scenario is much higher than the average exposure emitted at the 5G mm-Wave base station
Summary
The globe is witnessing a massive flood of data because of mobile network subscribers and online platforms [1]. The current development indicates that there are high demands for bandwidth, for smartphones, and is predicted to expand rapidly in the future [2]. In this context, technological advances are required to meet the bandwidth requirements. To meet the aims of 5G mobile communication wireless network new advanced technologies should be utilized in a wireless network such as the use of high frequencies, millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency ranges, deploy massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antennas at the base stations and a huge number of small cells [7]. Millimeter-wave(mm-Wave) has been known as an important technology for 5G wireless communications [10]
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