Maximum Allowable Level Research Articles

Evaluation of parsnip varieties (Pastinaca sativa L.) on productivity and adaptability in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Commercial products of parsnip were formed in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine within the sum of effective temperatures of 1356‑1495 °C, precipitation amounts of 171‑318 mm, and relative humidity of 57‑64%. The yield value had an inverse relationship with the sum of temperatures and a direct relationship with the amount of precipitation, relative humidity, and hydrothermal coefficient. The highest yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is provided by Stymul and Pul's varieties with a total yield of 46.2 and 44.8 t/ha, and a marketability of root crops of 89 and 88%, respectively. Pul's and Stymul varieties had the highest breeding value of genotype in terms of yield (BVGi = 46.2 and 44.8, respectively), high ecological stability (Sgi = 3.43 and 1.96, respectively), and plasticity (bi = 1.47 and 0.89%, respectively). The highest indicator of general adaptive ability for plant productivity was observed in the Stymul (GAA= 3.12) and Pul's (GAA= 1.76) varieties. According to the indicator of specific adaptive ability, the Stymul variety (SAA = 2.52) and Pul's (SAA = 0.78) were highlighted. According to the biochemical composition of root crops, the varieties under study did not exceed the control. However, in the Borys variety, the content of dry matter – 25.1%, dry solute – 15.8%, and sugar content – 6.4% was at the control level. All varieties were identified to have a high content of vitamin C – 8.9‑10.1 mg/100 g. The varieties did not tend to accumulate nitrates and their content ranged from 67 to 80 mg/kg and was below the maximum allowable level (MAL 250 mg/kg). The highest tasting score of 5.6 points was given by the Pul's variety. It is recommended to grow highly productive varieties of parsnip – Stymul and Pul's to obtain a consistently high yield of root crops (44.8‑46.2 t/ha) and their marketability at the level of 88‑89% with a high content of basic biochemical components in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on ‑medium-podzolic coarse-pollinated light loamy turf soil

Chemical Contamination Pathways and the Food Safety Implications along the Various Stages of Food Production: A Review.

Historically, chemicals exceeding maximum allowable exposure levels have been disastrous to underdeveloped countries. The global food industry is primarily affected by toxic chemical substances because of natural and anthropogenic factors. Food safety is therefore threatened due to contamination by chemicals throughout the various stages of food production. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the form of pesticides and other chemical substances such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have a widely documented negative impact due to their long-lasting effect on the environment. This present review focuses on the chemical contamination pathways along the various stages of food production until the food reaches the consumer. The contamination of food can stem from various sources such as the agricultural sector and pollution from industrialized regions through the air, water, and soil. Therefore, it is imperative to control the application of chemicals during food packaging, the application of pesticides, and antibiotics in the food industry to prevent undesired residues on foodstuffs. Ultimately, the protection of consumers from food-related chemical toxicity depends on stringent efforts from regulatory authorities both in developed and underdeveloped nations.

ON AIR FLOW STRUCTURE IN STATION VENTILATION CONNECTIONS OF SUBWAYS

One of the important microclimatic criteria for the comfort and safety of passenger transportation in subways is dust concentration in passenger and staff area. It is known that fine dust concentration in subways is significantly exceeded relative to the permissible regulatory level. To reduce the dust concentration to the maximum allowable level, it is necessary to filter the tunnel air not only for the systems of local ventilation of staff rooms, but also for tunnel ventilation and general ventilation of passenger rooms at the stations. It is better to install filters in station ventilation connections, since significant circulating air flows pass through them. To determine the type and parameters of filters, it is required to know the magnitude and direction of an airflow rate, i.e. the structure of its velocity field. Due to the complex topology and presence of separation zones, the airflow structure, gradient of air velocities in the cross-section of ventilation connections and, accordingly, justification of filter installation locations in a ventilation connection requires a separate study. The paper substantiates a decomposition approach to mathematical modeling of aerodynamic processes by transition from a linear open-loop model of the subway line to a closed circular one; geometric parameters of the adopted design model; mathematical statement of the problem. Computational aerodynamics methods allowed determining the minimum, average and maximum projections of air velocity on the normal to the cross section of a ventilation connection and air flows through this cross section. This makes it possible to justify the requirements for the placement and operating parameters of the filtration equipment.

Study of the orthopolyphosphate specimen "SeaQuest Liquid" for anticorrosion and stabilization water treatment

Most water supply systems operating in Ukraine are made of steel or cast iron, which are subject to corrosion. The Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine carried out the experimental studies on the effect of an orthophosphate corrosion inhibitor on the quality of drinking water and the rate of corrosion as a result of its appliance in various doses in the water supply network. The water supply system of Obolon district of the city of Kiev was selected as the object of research. A characteristic feature of this water supply system is the use of various sources of water supply - groundwater and surface waters of the Desna and Dnieper rivers.
 The results of the calculation of water corrosivity carried out at the Institute based on the chemical analysis of the quality of water taken from 29 wells at the research object showed that the Langelier indices obtained using the calculation formulas for all sampling points are in the range from 0,89 to 1,77, which indicates the continuous and significant corrosive activity of water at all sampling point. The Risner index in all samples was in the range from 7.8 to 8.8, which indicates the significant pipeline corrosion. That is especially typical for the water from the well № 232, the Rizner index of which is 9.58, which indicates very intensive corrosion of the pipeline.
 Indicators rH2, for all samples, calculated both by F.U. Clarke and by the formula of A.I. Trufanov, indicate that the studied aquatic environment is very favorable for the vital activity of iron bacteria in general, and the pH - Eh zone of water samples indicates that there is an active vital activity of various strains: Leptothrix, Gallionella , Thiobacillus thiooxcidans or their combined activity.
 All the studied factors indicate that the most likely there is a complex genesis of corrosion processes in water supply networks, which combines both physicochemical and biological processes. This combination usually contributes to the processes of active secondary water pollution by the products of pipeline corrosion.
 Indicators rH2, for all samples, calculated by the formulas of F.U. Clark and of A.I. Trufanov, indicate that the studied aquatic environment is very favorable for the activity of iron bacteria in general, and the pH - Eh zone of water samples indicates that there is a rather high activity of different strains: Leptothrix, Gallionella, Thiobacillus thiooxcidans or their combined activity.
 The results of the research showed that for all ways to use of "SeaQuest Liquid" spicemen in the water of all sampling points there were no deviations from the standards of basic physicochemical parameters: the average pH of water was 7,67 ± 0.01, total water hardness was 4,3 ± 0,03, total alkalinity - 4,4 ± 0,05 mmol/dm,3 calcium content - 58,6 ± 0,7 mg/dm3, magnesium - 16,1 ± 0.2 mg/dm3, hydrocarbons - 261,4 ± 4,8 mg/dm3, manganese <0,01 mg/dm3, sulfates - 21,9 ± 1,2 mg/dm3, chlorides - 44,3 ± 1,4 mg/dm3, sodium and potassium - 44,0 ± 2,0 mg/dm3, residual chlorine - 0,35 ± 0,02 mg/dm3, ammonium - 0,2 ± 0.01 mg/dm3, permanganate oxidation - 2,3 ± 0,1 mgО2/dm3, nitrites - 0,09 ± 0,01 mg/dm3, nitrates - 1,53 ± 0,14 mg/dm3, total mineralization - 459,9 ± 15,1 mg/dm3. In some samples of water treated with “SeaQuest Liquid”, the iron content exceeded the hygienic standard (0,2 mg/dm3) and exceeded the maximum allowable level (1,0 mg/dm3). In drinking water samples, the levels of substances that are the part of "SeaQuest Liquid" specimen (polyphosphates, orthophosphates), varied at different sampling points but were within the normative values. The anticipated biological component of corrosion according to the calculated Rh2 index, was confirmed. In the presence of sulfate-reducing and thiobacteria in water, "SeaQuest Liquid" specimen increases the corrosion rate of steel by 2,9-7,2 times; subject to additional disinfection of water when treating with sodium hypochlorite, it reduces this indicator by 1,4-2,7 times. Under the action of "SeaQuest Liquid" in water treated with sodium hypochlorite, there was a decrease in the Langelier index: from -2,23 to -2,08 and from -1,79 to -1,70, indicating a decrease in its corrosive activity. In water untreated with sodium hypochlorite under the action of "SeaQuest Liquid" there was some increase in the Langelier index: from -1.80 to -1,95 and from -1,85 to -2,78; from -2,01 to -2,13, which indicates an increase in its corrosive aggressiveness.

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Water of Lijiang River Basin

In order to clarify the pollution levels of heavy metals in the drinking water sources of the Lijiang River Basin, surface water samples were collected from 62 sites throughout the Lijiang River during May 2019. Heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Hg, Co, and Sb, in the water samples were analysed. Health risk assessments associated with these nine heavy metals were conducted using the health risk assessment model from the US EPA. The results indicated that the order of the average concentrations of heavy metals in the water samples were Mn > Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Sb > Co > Cd > Hg. No heavy metals exceeded the limit values of the drinking water health standards in China (GB 5749-2006), and the concentrations were lower than the limitations of Grade Ⅰ level in the environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002). According to the spatial distribution, the high contents areas of As, Cr, Zn, and Sb were predominantly distributed downstream of the Lijiang River, while the high contents areas of Cd, Cu, Hg, Co, and Mn were mostly distributed in the upper reaches. Multivariate analysis indicated that Cd, Mn, Cu, and Co were primarily from agricultural production; Cr, Zn, and Sb were mainly from tourism transportation; As was predominantly from the weathering of rock parent material and soil erosion; Hg was mainly from the improper disposal of domestic garbage and atmospheric deposition. The results of the health risk assessment indicated that children were more susceptible to the threat of heavy metal pollution than adults, and the average annual risk of carcinogenic heavy metals to human health through drinking water ingestion were higher than those of non-carcinogenic metals. The maximum personal average annual health risk of Cr was higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (5×10-5 a-1). The average annual risk of non-carcinogenic heavy metals (10-14-10-9 a-1) decreased in the order of Co > Cu > Hg > Zn > Sb > Mn, which were far below the maximum allowance levels recommended by the ICRP.

Transition Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grown at the Major Producing Districts in Korea

Transition Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Barley (<italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic> L.) Grown at the Major Producing Districts in Korea-Barley,Heavy Metal(loid)s,Lead,Monitoring,Risk Assessment

Dietary nutrients and health risks from exposure to some heavy metals through the consumption of the farmed common carp (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important cultured fish species in Poland. The aims of our study were to determine the concentration of essential minerals in the muscle tissue of carp obtained from a pond culture and to compare the content of these minerals with the physiological norms of nutrition for the Polish population, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), and Estimated Average Requirements (EAR). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk by assessment of the Estimated target hazard quotients (THQ), total target hazard quotients (ΣTHQ), and carcinogenic risk were also studied. The muscle tissue of the carp was rich in macroelements. The pattern significance gradation of element concentrations was as follows: Na > K > Ca > P > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Se > Co. The concentration of toxic heavy metals in the samples was lower than the maximum allowable level of metals in food products. The risk of consumption of toxicants by an adult at a daily intake of 100 g of fish was 1.45% for Pb, 0.1% for Hg, 0.02% for Cd, and 0.02% for As, compared to the allowable daily intake for each toxicant. The value of the target hazard quotients of each metal was less than 1, indicating that the intake of a single metal through the consumption of carp meat does not pose a considerable health hazard. The total value of the target hazard quotients was also less than 1, indicating the safety of the combined effects of the chemicals. The major risk contributor was Pb with 82.9%, followed by Hg (9.38%), As (6.43%), and Cd (1.29%).

The potential use of remote sensing and GIS techniques for sustainable development in the coastal plain between Halayb and Shalateen, Egypt

The Red Sea coastal plain between Halayb and Shalateen represents one of the localities with great potential for future sustainable development. The area is almost flat with Quaternary deposits from the western wadies towards the Red Sea shoreline. Due to the general character of the area, it is promising for reclamation, tourism, and industrial activities. This paper highlights the environmental characteristics of the area for sustainable development using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Geomorphological analysis, assessment of soil pollution (radiological and heavy metal distribution), groundwater assessment, and detection of change to the shoreline have been carried out. Geomorphologically, the most suitable part of the study area for future planning is the southeastern region. The northern area is not appropriate as it is classified as third-order drainage and will be exposed to flash floods that threaten the infrastructure of the native settlements, newly built tourist villages, and the coastal roads. The groundwater aquifers in the study area are Quaternary sediments and fractured basement rocks. All groundwater samples have acceptable soluble sodium percentages (SSPs) with relatively low sodium and very high saline, making them suitable for salt-tolerant crops on soil with good permeability and special leaching. The Wadi Diit area is in the safe range of radioactivity with a maximum effective dose rate of 0.37 mSv year−1, which does not represent any harm to living organisms. Furthermore, the soil studied from the area under consideration reflects heavy metal concentrations lower than the maximum allowable levels. The change detection study showed that there is a balance between erosion and accretion rates with no significant change in the shoreline morphology that would affect future planning in the coastal area.

A comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species

The multi-elemental composition of 4 edible wild-growing mushroom species that commonly occur in Polish forests was compared to 13 cultivated mushroom species available in trade. A considerable variation in the macroelements content was revealed with cultivated species containing higher amounts of macroelements. The mean content of B, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Pr, Pt, Sb, Sm, Sr, Te, and Tm was higher in cultivated mushroom species, while the opposite was noted for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, La, Mo, Sc, and Zn. Selected cultivated forms exhibited increased content of Al (F. velutipes), As (H. marmoreus, F. velutipes), Ni (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, H. marmoreus), and Pb (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, F. velupites, and L. edodes). Wild-growing species, B. boletus, I. badia, and S. bovinus contained high Hg levels, close to or exceeding tolerable intakes. Compared to cultivated mushrooms, they also generally revealed a significantly increased content of Al (with the highest content in B. edulis and I. badia), As and Cd (with the highest content in B. edulis and S. bovinus in both cases). In turn, the cultivated mushrooms were characterized by a higher content of Ni (particularly in A. bisporus) and Pb (with the highest content in P. eryngii). The exposure risks may, however, differ between wild and cultivated mushrooms since the former are consumed seasonally (although in some regions at a high level), while the latter are available throughout the year. Both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms were found to be a poor source of Ca and Mg, and only a supplemental source of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the human diet. These results suggest that mushrooms collected from the wild or cultivated, should be consumed sparingly. The study advocates for more strict monitoring measures of the content of toxic metals/metalloids in mushrooms distributed as food, preferentially through the establishment of maximum allowance levels not limited only to a few elements and mushroom species.

Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting

Advanced technologies call for composting indoors for minimized impact on the surrounding environment. However, enclosing compost piles inside halls may cause the accumulation of toxic pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, there is a need to assess the occupational risk to workers that can be exposed to CO concentrations &gt; 300 ppm at the initial stage of the process. The objectives were to (1) develop a model of CO accumulation in the headspace of the bioreactor during organic waste composting and (2) assess the impact of headspace ventilation of enclosed compost. The maximum allowable CO level inside the bioreactor headspace for potential short-term occupational exposure up to 10 min was 100 ppm. The composting was modeled in the horizontal static reactor over 14 days in seven scenarios, differing in the ratio of headspace-to-waste volumes (H:W) (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Headspace CO concentration exceeded 100 ppm in each variant with the maximum value of 36.1% without ventilation and 3.2% with the daily release of accumulated CO. The airflow necessary to maintain CO &lt; 100 ppmv should be at least 7.15 m3·(h·Mg w.m.)−1. The H:W &gt; 4:1 and the height of compost pile &lt; 1 m were less susceptible to CO accumulation.

QUALITY INDICATORS AND VETERINARY ANALYSIS OF CATFISH MEAT WHEN USING THE FOOD ADDITIVE «RIZOSTIM»

The article presents research data on the chemical composition and content of toxic elements in the meat of fish grown in the pools of «ASYL TAS ENGINEERING» LLP, Almaty region, when using «Risostim» feed additive. Researches with comparison of the samples taken from fish - catfish at use of a food additive «Risostim» and a carp in a comparative aspect were carried out. In the course of the study it was found that the fat and moisture content of catfish meat was higher, while the protein and ash content was lower. It was also found that the amount of toxic elements did not exceed the maximum allowable level. It follows from this that catfish meat grown in pools of «ASYL TAS ENGINEERING» LLP of Almaty region, when using feed additives «Risostim» is a benign and safe food product.

Hosting capacity enhancement of renewable-based distributed generation in harmonically polluted distribution systems using passive harmonic filtering

In spite of being economically viable for numerous applications, renewable energy cannot realise its true penetration potential until some of the barriers are not tackled with excellence. Such barriers are harmonic distortion, distribution cable’s ampacity and voltage rise limits, those put bound on the maximum allowable penetration level of renewable energy. This paper formulates the enhancement of power quality-constrained hosting capacity (HC) as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem under several constraints of system’s performance indices (PIs). The considered performance indices are individual order and total harmonic distortion in the line current and point of common coupling (PCC)’s voltage, load power factor (PF), distribution line’s ampacity and steady-state voltage profile. In the formulated multi-objective optimization model, an optimal design of a third-order damped filter and size of the distributed generation (DG) unit is simultaneously determined for achieving maximum hosting capacity and power factor at the PCC while keeping system’s other indices such as total voltage harmonic distortion (TVHD) and total filter cost (FC) incurred at a minimum by obtaining a best-compromised solution using the newly proposed Pareto-based multi-objective firefly algorithm (MOFA). The extension of the multi-objective firefly algorithm is considered for producing the Pareto optimal front and various conclusions are drawn by analysing the trade-offs among the objectives by plotting the same on different 2-axis planes. The optimization efficiency and superiority of the proposed multi-objective firefly algorithm based hosting capacity enhancement approach is validated by comparing the results with those obtained by popular multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) under similar objectives. Also, the results of the proposed methodology are compared with those achieved from one of the most recently introduced hosting capacity enhancement approaches in literature. Eventually, the impacts of different background voltage distortion (BVD) levels and load-side’s nonlinearity levels (NLLs) on filter performance, particularly filter cost as well as enhanced hosting capacity, are analysed and various conclusions are drawn.

Application of Marginal Rate of Transformation in Decision Making of Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimal Operation Scheme

For reservoirs with combined storage capacity for flood control and beneficial purposes, there tends to be potential benefit loss when the flood control limited water level is used in medium and small floods. How to find the optimal water level scheme for profit-making and pursue the optimization of comprehensive benefits has always been a difficult problem in multi-objective reservoir optimal operation. Based on the principle of the maximum benefit obtained by the product conversion curve and the isorevenue line in microeconomics, taking flood control and power generation as two products of a reservoir, a multi-objective optimal operation scheme decision-making model is established to seek the highest water level scheme that can produce the maximum comprehensive benefits of flood control and power generation. A case study of the Three Gorges reservoir in the early flood season of a dry year shows that on the one hand, under the condition of deterministic inflow, the model can work out the optimal water level and the corresponding best equilibrium point for both flood control and power generation, and it can increase the total power output by 4.48% without reducing the flood control benefits; on the other hand, it can also obtain the dynamic control area of the maximum allowable water level for power generation considering inflow forecast error, which provides a theoretical reference for determining the starting water level in medium and small floods and utilizing flood resources.

재생에너지 확대에 따른 국내 계통관성 별 적정 예비력 평가

As the penetration level of renewable energy sources (RESs) increases, the decrease in the system inertia and spinning reserves will be one of the major challenges for the secure operation of power systems. Recently, in order to secure power system frequency within the limit defined in the grid code, accurate analysis on the frequency responsive reserves is getting important. In this study, method of evaluating the minimum level of inertia along with the required reserves to secure system frequency is developed. Furthermore, maximum allowable penetration level of RESs is analyzed in order to secure frequency after a sudden loss of a single generator unit. And with the evaluated minimum inertia for the secure frequency, this study shows the amount of the increased generation and the system frequency response in the time frame after a single generator or two generator units are tripped off. In the developed method, increase in RES penetration is illustrated as a negative load while considering the merit order of conventional generators. A case study is conducted on the future Korean power system of 2024.

Inhalation of two Prop 65-listed chemicals within vehicles may be associated with increased cancer risk

Chemicals are listed on California’s Proposition 65 (Prop 65) for their potential to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, and certain chemicals from this list are often detected within interior vehicle dust and air. Therefore, this study examined the potential risk associated with five Prop 65-listed chemicals detected within vehicle interiors: benzene, formaldehyde, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). Exposure estimates based on time spent within a vehicle were derived from a meta-analysis of estimated concentrations from the literature. Regulatory levels established by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) were then used to generate percent reference doses (%RfDs) for chemical-specific daily doses as well as determine the probability of risk (exceedance probability) as a function of %RfD for each chemical-specific daily dose. Based on our meta-analysis, benzene and formaldehyde were detected in vehicle interior air whereas DEHP, DBP and TDCIPP were detected in vehicle interior dust. Benzene and formaldehyde were the only two chemicals with an estimated %RfD > 100 across any of the commute times. For commute times of 20 min or longer, the %RfD was > 100 for maximum exposures based on the “maximum allowable daily level” for benzene, and for 95th-percentile exposures based on the “no significant risk level” for benzene and formaldehyde. Furthermore, the probability of exceeding 100% RfD was highest for cancer risks associated with benzene, followed by cancer risks associated with formaldehyde and the risk of reproductive and developmental toxicity associated with benzene. Lastly, within the entire state of California, the percent of commuters with a 10% probability of exceeding cancer risk associated with benzene or formaldehyde exposure was 78% and 63%, respectively. Overall, our study raises concerns about the potential risk associated with inhalation of benzene and formaldehyde for people who spend a significant amount of time in their vehicles, an issue that is especially pertinent to traffic-congested areas where people have longer commutes.

Reliability analysis of aging control system via stability margins

Automatic control systems are critical sub-systems that ensure the reliable and efficient operation of a modern manufacturing system collaborating with other sub-systems. Critical to the performance of control systems are aging actuators that will ultimately result in an unstable control process and consequently failure of the supported manufacturing system. In this paper, by using the Nyquist stability criterion we prove the stability margin of a first-order control process with dead time, which is the fundamental failure threshold of the corresponding control system. The impact of aging actuators on the control system is modelled by errors in the dead time, which is the key parameter in the transfer function of a control process. By linking the stability margin with the physical degradation process of the actuator, we further derive explicitly the maximum allowable degradation level of the actuator and use the information to compute the failure probability of a control system. The proposed framework is demonstrated on a solar energy platform which can serve as a significant illustration for sustainable manufacturing. This platform is equipped with an aging valve controlling its temperature and the degradation process is modelled by an inverse Gaussian process with a curved hitting boundary to address the varying working conditions of the valve. Our case study shows that our method approximates the exact failure probability well with much lower computational cost compared to the traditional Monte Carlo simulation.

A Regression Analysis: Ergonomic Comfort vs. Air Quality, Noise, Lighting and Temperature in the Composite Trimming Process Working Room

This study was set to identify how working environment affected workers’ comfort and to determine the maximum level of air quality, noise, lighting and temperature allowed for each working environment. Workers seemed uncomfortable with the working environment in the working room. To validate the situation, a survey was conducted in the present study on all workers who were involved in the cutting process to determine their feelings in certain setting environment conditions. Next, the environment values were obtained by using specific and certain measurement tools. All the data taken from these two conditions were analyzed using the Minitab software. The study found that most of the working environment parameters in the trimming room exceeded the maximum allowable level of ISO standards. For air quality an average of 30% RH was obtained, which was below the allowable value of 40 – 60% RH. For noise, the obtained value was about 150 dB, which exceeded the maximum level of 85 dB. For in-room lighting, the obtained value was about 200 lux; far below the ISO standard of 750 lux and finally, for temperature the obtained value was about 31.70C, which was higher than ISO standard of 260C. It can be concluded that all the working environments do not contribute to good feeling to the workers while doing their job in that room. This means that measures need to be taken to overcome the situation in order to improve the workers’ feelings and provide them with comfort while doing their job.

Safety monitoring of broiler chicken meat when correcting pre-slaughter stress using feed supplement “PIK-Antistress”

The research purpose is to assess safety of broiler chicken meat when correcting pre-slaughter stress using feed supplement “PIK-Antistress”. In the conditions of the poultry farm, three groups of broiler chickens were formed: the control group, experimental groups 1 and 2. Broiler chicken meat of all groups met GOST 31470-2012 by veterinary and sanitary characteristics. There was a statistically significant increase in the fat and protein content in white meat of experimental groups 1 and 2 by 5.9 and 0.6 %, respectively, a decrease in moisture in red meat by 0.6 %; a decrease in fat and protein content by 2.2 and 1.4 %, an increase in moisture and ash content by 0.9 and 0.8 %, respectively. There was an increase in the content of zinc, manganese and copper, while the concentrations of ionized forms of metals were significantly lower than the maximum allowable levels. The concentration of lithium in the pectoralis major muscle statistically significantly increased by 50.0 %, in the pectoralis minor – by 33.6 %, in red meat by 104.2 %.

Quantitative Analysis of Multiresidue Pesticides Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Despite the fact that pesticides help increase food production, widespread application of pesticides has resulted in negative impact in the environment and human health. Routine and comprehensive screening of pesticides in food and water is important for regulatory agencies to ensure that concentrations of toxic pesticides are below maximum allowable levels. Regardless of the pesticides that are not GC amenable, GC-MS still dominates the analysis of pesticides. The focus of the current chapter is a step-by-step method for GC-MS approaches in analysis of several classes of pesticides, including organochlorines, organophosphates, and triazines. GC-MS is superior or at least equivalent to LC-MS method and derivatization is not required prior to instrumental analysis.

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality with Water Quality Index (WQI) in Woreillu Town, Ethiopia

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Wreillu town.The groundwater samples were collected from selected locations within one-year-monitoring period from January to August 2019. All the laboratory measurements of the physical, chemical and heavy metal parameters were measured using the standardized method. The WQI of the study ground water was established from ten physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, Total alkalinity, TDS, TH, Nitrate, Phosphate, and Sulphate) and five heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn). The result showed that all physical and chemical parameters were almost below the maximum allowable level based on the WHO standards for drinking. On the other hand, the lead (Pb) was exceeded the maximum allowable limit in all the studied locations based on the WHO standards for drinking water. The computed WQI values range from 49 to 136. Therefore, out of 5 studied locations, one location was classified in the “Excellent water” class, one location as a “Good water” class, three as a “Poor water” class. Furthermore, lead, pH and turbidty were considered the most effective parameter on the determination of WQI in this study. The study revealed that only a few of the values for the heavy metals and physico-chemical parameters of the water samples were above the tolerable limits recommended by the WHO. This calls for regular monitoring and purification of boreholes to ensure good water quality. Keywords: water quality index, drinking water, physico-chemical parameters, heavy metal DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-1-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2021