Economic-mathematical Model Research Articles

DYNAMICS OF AUSTRIAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the dynamics of Austrian foreign direct investments (FDI) and its role in the development of the national economy. The subject of research is the main components of Austrian foreign direct investments 2005–2017 and their impact on the national economic development. Methodology. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis were used to study the dynamics, structure, and economic impact of Austria’s FDI. Special attention was given to the dynamics of FDI inflows and outflows, accumulated investments, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, “Greenfield Investments”, the impact of FDI on the balance of payments and international investment position of Austria. The method of mathematical modelling in economics, in particular, regression analysis, based on annual data for the period from 2005 to 2015, was applied to assess the relationship between the main components of foreign direct investments and the indicator of the country’s economic growth – the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The following indicators were selected as independent variables: FDI liabilities, assets of FDI funds, as well as the balance of primary incomes. The dependent variable was the GDP per capita. It should be noted that such indicators as FDI assets and liabilities of FDI funds were not represented in the final model because of the high correlation between independent variables, and the relationship between GDP per capita and net foreign assets was insignificant. The assets of foreign direct investment funds have the greatest impact on the economy of the country, and the relationship between these indicators is direct. A slightly weaker relationship is observed between the balance of primary incomes and GDP per capita. The relationship between them is also direct. Liabilities of FDI have the least impact on the dependent variable in comparison with the other two. Findings. The growth of foreign direct investments of Austria, as a result of liberalization of the world and European economy, as a whole has a positive impact on its GDP. Thus, activities that are aimed at stimulating investments are fully justified and understandable. The paper determines important factors of Austria’s investment activity and attractiveness, as well as the main factors that influence the dynamics of FDI. The most important among them are: the level of education, the internal coefficient of investment, political stability, the terms of trade, the state of the financial sector. The results of the analysis show that Austria has a high level of business activity; the government conducts activities to stimulate investment in R&D and in high-tech enterprises, to create new jobs, to protect the environment etc. The results of the study allow forecasting a gradual improvement in the balance of the country’s primary incomes, which will contribute to the further growth of the current account surplus and will strengthen the positive influence of Austria on the development of the European and global financial systems. Practical implications. The results of the study will help to increase: the effectiveness of the investment policy of Austria to stimulate the country’s economic growth; the international competitiveness of national companies on European and world markets; the level of stability of Austria’s financial system to external shocks.

Определение рациональной структуры финансирования процесса инновационного воспроизводства основных средств предприятия

The mechanism of formation of rational structure of financing of process of innovative reproduction of the basic means of the enterprise is developed, allowing to define the most expedient ratio between own and extra sources of financing of process of innovative reproduction of means of work which provides realization of effective financial activity of the enterprise. For this purpose, it is offered to form two clusters financial assets of the enterprise, one of which includes own sources of financing of process of innovative reproduction of the basic means, and another — extra sources of financing. The hypothesis of existence of the most preferable ratio between the sizes of the first and the second clusters is put forward and proved. For confirmation of the put forward hypothesis the nonlinear economic-mathematical model of criterion of formation of rational structure of financing of process of innovative reproduction of the basic means of the enterprise is developed. As the important parameters nonlinear economic-mathematical model of criterion it is offered to take into account not only size of own and extra financial assets, but also their cost.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ECONOMIC SECURITY ASSESSMENT OF ENTERPRISES UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS MACROTRENDS: A REGIONAL APPROACH

Goal. The goal of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and applied aspects of economic security complex assessment on the example of regional business structures with the use of the apparatus of mathematical modeling in Economics in modern conditions of business macro trends. The assessment of the state of economic security of enterprises is carried out through a system of criteria and indicators. The criterion of enterprises economic security is a measure of the state of the entity in terms of compliance with the established indicators of its activity with pre-established indicators reflecting the essence of economic security. On the basis of this goal, the question arises of solving such problems as: the possibility of developing a unified conceptual approach and tools for assessing the impact of indicators on the of regional business structures’s economic security; developing measures to improve the economic component of regional business structures. Research methods. Structural methods, comparative analysis of empirical data, abstract-logical generalization and mathematical modeling in Economics were applied to solve this scientific problem. Results. In the work on the basis of the methodological approach the model of assessment formation of the enterprise’s economic security has been grounded on the basis of impact of economic security indicators by means of logit and probit-functions. The model does not take into account group effects, that is, there is no analysis of fixed effects. In order to avoid cross-effects, when not only the variable itself influences the likelihood of a crisis, but the public crisis begins to affect the behavior of the variable, two groups of models are built: for the first group of regressions from the sample, all observations after the first year of crises are excluded; for the second group of regressions all data were used except for the crisis years after the first year of the crisis. Conclusions. The fundamental provisions of the scientific investigation will enable domestic regional enterprises to apply the algorithm of forming the economic security assessment of the enterprise using the apparatus of mathematical modeling in Economics.

On smoothness of solutions to projected differential equations

Projected differential equations are known as fundamental mathematical models in economics, for electric circuits, etc. The present paper studies the (higher order) derivability as well as a generalized type of derivability of solutions of such equations when the set involved for projections is prox-regular with smooth boundary.

A Simple Counterexample to the Monge Ansatz in Multimarginal Optimal Transport, Convex Geometry of the Set of Kantorovich Plans, and the Frenkel--Kontorova Model

It is known from clever mathematical examples [G. Carlier, Lecture Notes IMA, New Mathematical Models in Economics and Finance, (2010), pp. 1--82] that the Monge ansatz may fail in continuous 2-mar...

Экономико-математическая модель оптимизации структуры капитала компании и перспективы ее применения

Экономико-математическая модель оптимизации структуры капитала компании и перспективы ее применения

Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy

This paper proposes an economic model of psychological energy used toward the production of experiences. A review of ideas at the nexus of economics and psychology, and how they lead to the thesis of this paper, is presented. A simple mathematical economic model is developed, with two main uses of psychological energy toward well-being. These are the generation of impressions (inward experiences that are sense-like) and expression (outward experiences that are action-like). Choosing is understood as investing energy to change the probabilities of an outcome. The model optimizes energy use between intensity of impressions and capacity for expression. For a fixed energy level, as experiential intensity increases resources are substituted out of decision making and implementation, leading to choices of lower utility. If the material losses are substantial during an experience, the share of psychological energy used to modify impressions will increase, and away from influencing seemingly random external outcomes. Over multiple periods, this generates a feedback loop where the person feels increasingly disempowered, and thus less concerned about making better choices. This feedback loop can be stopped by an external entity providing sufficient resources for the person to experience greater expression.

MODEL OF BALANCED INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT BY IRON ORE ENTERPRISES PRODUCTION

The article is based on the idea of developing a mathematical economic model of balanced innovative management of the production of iron ore enterprises. It has been determined that in the era of global and local economic crises, the non-specialized entities of entrepreneurial activity, which in their natural state are iron ore enterprises, have become especially vulnerable. Monopoly, on the one hand, is a positive phenomenon that allows increasing the concentration of efforts and resources in order to achieve the greatest efficiency and profitability. On the other hand, it is a factor of significant losses under certain circumstances. That is, in the case of an unfavourable state of the domestic and / or foreign markets, significant reductions (in some cases to practically zero) of sales volumes, with subsequent decrease of production output and other negative events that may occur thereafter can be substantially reduced. Consequently, such entities (and in the first place iron ore enterprises), first of all, need modern tools of balanced innovation management of their own production. It is proved that the most optimal basis for the formation of such an instrument is V. Leontiev's management-model "cost-issue", which is the classical method of systematically quantitatively reflection of any economic relations between different branches of the economic system and, accordingly, can be successfully used for micro level. Based on the basis of the results of the research, the concept of an adapted economic model of balanced innovation management for the production of an iron ore plant has been constructed. On the basis of this, a special innovation model for managing the production processes of the iron ore industry has been formed, taking into account the territorial orientation towards the target market and the ratio of basic production resources.

Economic-mathematical model for determining the optimal prices for producers of raw materials and processing enterprises

Economic-mathematical model for determining the optimal prices for producers of raw materials and processing enterprises

Yeyinti məhsullarının istehsalında ehtiyatların optimal istifadəsi məsələsi

The article considers the problem of the optimal utilization of resources in the production of food products. The economic-mathematical model of the problem was established, the optimal plan and the maximum income were determined.

ЭКОНОМИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ОПЦИОНА КАК НОВЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ КАЧЕСТВА ИНСТИТУТОВ

The paper presents an original economic-mathematical model formalizing the institutional option concept as a compromise between two contradictory principles of institutional research: social determinism and methodological individualism. The model is based on the problem-oriented research paradigm, implemented by matrix methods of linear algebra, takes into account the behavior of actors de jure and de facto. This allows formal and informal institutions to be included in the analysis and for their quality to be assessed. The model's quality measure is the gap degree between de jure and de facto institutional option of the problem "field" of institutional environment particular carrier. The model's practical value lies in expanding and deepening of the institutional research subject and improving the quality of evaluations in general. The institutional option model is empirically realizable, its application makes it possible to assess the quality of both individual institutions and their combinations and the institutional environment as a whole, as well as to compare different institutional options in terms of content and breadth over time. The model's advantages are useful in identifying the institutional lock-in effect of different nature and different institutional environment carriers

Creating an innovative university complex conditions: evaluating the universities innovative potential economic and mathematical models

The paper proposes an economic and mathematical model for the university innovative potential assessing. The first step in the development of this model was the own definition presentation of the universities innovative potential, based on a diagnostic approach that focuses on the assessing process of the sufficiency of the university’s innovative potential to carry out innovative activities. The economic and mathematical model was based on the formulas for assessing the universities intellectual resources, allowing to assess the knowledge and competencies of students and academic staff, and the formulas for assessing the universities financial resources, to determine the innovative capabilities of production units, sources of financial resources, competitive positions in the market of educational services and product innovation. To interpret the results of quantitative calculations using these formulas, it was proposed to use the threshold method, which allows to fix the boundaries of indicators in accordance with the specifics of the university. Aggregation of all intellectual and financial resources components into one integrated assessment has methodological difficulties in the quantitative calculation of weight coefficients. It leads to widespread use of expert estimates, that reduces the results adequacy. To overcome these shortcomings to assess the universities innovative potential, it was proposed to use a simple sum of all components. To give greater importance to individual indicators, rules that individual local indicators may have an advantage over others were established. The implementation result of the economic-mathematical model for assessing the university innovative potential is the space for assessing the innovative potential, according to which a strategy for transforming an existing university into an innovative university complex is proposed.

Predictive model of the dependence of the cost of insulation on thermal characteristics

In the market of building materials today there is a large selection of various thermal insulation materials, differing in cost, thermal conductivity and other characteristics. This article describes the predictive model of the cost of insulation from thermal characteristics, such as: thickness, thermal conductivity, (average) density, water absorption and combustibility group. The coefficient of determination was used to assess the quality of the obtained economic-mathematical model. The described predictive model can be effectively used to solve problems associated with determining the optimal characteristics of insulation by the criterion of minimizing cost.

Экономико-математическая модель прогнозирования стратегических показателей развития вертикально интегрированной нефтегазовой компании

Экономико-математическая модель прогнозирования стратегических показателей развития вертикально интегрированной нефтегазовой компании

Formation of the forecasting model for Ukrainian – German migration system

The article presents results of the research on the population's migration activity in the context of the formation of a new migration system (MS), such as the Ukrainian-German one. It has been determined that the expansion of the scale and diversification of the composition of migratory flows intensify their influence on contemporary demographic, socio-economic and ethno-cultural processes both in the donor country and in the recipient country. It is proved that the consideration of the migration component has become necessary in developing the demographic, social and economic, foreign and ethno-cultural strategies of the country's development. Authors present a technique to construct forecasts of migration activity in the conditions of formation of the Ukrainian-German migration system. It is based on a three-stage algorithm: 1) forecasting the size and structure of the population of Germany and Ukraine; 2) forecasting macroeconomic indicators and conditions of labour markets of Germany and Ukraine; and 3) forecasting the volumes of potential migration in the conditions of formation of the investigated MS (Ukraine-Germany). Based on the projection of the German population by 2060, and taking into account variations in the volume of immigration in the country, authors prove that a significant deformation of the age structure of the indigenous population as a result of the nation's 'hyper-aging' may lead to a demographic collapse, which makes it impossible for the country's economic growth to result in shortages of high-skilled workforce in the labour market. The arguments presented confirm the hypothesis of the dependence of the German economy on the immigration flows of human resources. On the basis of the constructed economic-mathematical model, the authors estimated the probable variants of further development of the UGMS for medium-term (by 2025) and long-term (until 2030) perspectives under different developmental scenarios (the benchmark, optimistic, tendentious, and pessimistic ones). The investigation has shown that during 2025-2030 in Ukraine, the demographic and, as a result, labour-saving crisis, caused by the emigration of human resources in young and middle age, coupled with low fertility rates, will aggravate in Ukraine. In this context, the feasibility of constructing a new migration policy with the effect of replacing the workforce has been substantiated. This publication is prepared withing the research project on "Migration activity of the population of the Carpathian region" (state registration No 0119U002010).

Study of the Impact of Unique Technological Competencies on the Economic Growth of Large Enterprises and High-tech Industries

The article suggests a tool for assessing the impact of unique technological competences on the economic growth of large entreprises, companies and hi-tech industires. The main research method is a classical regression analysis used in economics, based on Cobb-Douglas function. In this work economic-mathematical model of the impact of unique technological competencies on the economic growth of high-tech enterprises and industries, representing a production function, using UTC is proposed. The significant influence of the competence factor on the economic growth of high-tech enterprises and industries is shown.

Modern patterns of development of the communication and informatization sphere

Information and telecommunication services are currently a full-fledged resource for social development compared to traditional resources. The growth of the level of scientific and technological progress has led to the incredibly fast development paces in the sphere of information and communication technologies, which has a significant impact on the development of the economy. On the basis of a thorough analysis of the sectors of information and communication technologies and components of the ICT development index, the article substantiates the need for accelerated digitization of the majority of enterprises of different spheres of economic activity with the aim of qualitative development of Ukrainian economy in order to increase its competitiveness in the world. This is explained by the fact that information and technology represent the main economic resource in the period of formation of information society and digital economy, and enterprises of the sphere of communication and informatization are a catalyst for social and economic development of the country as a whole. Using a methodological toolkit of the theory of systematic and correlation-regression analysis, an economic-mathematical model of the development of the sphere of communication and informatization in the regions of the world and individual countries of the world is constructed. It is based on the existing pattern of leading development of the communications sector, but takes into account the degree of economy dependence on the ICT development, which in some regions and countries is 100%. This is due to the approaching mass availability of ICT services in some countries in these regions. On the basis of the constructed model, the forecasting of GDP PPP per capita was carried out, which showed faster rates of growth of the country’s economy with the growth of the development level of the sphere of communication and informatization and accessibility of telecommunication services. In turn, the availability of telecommunication services is influenced by the digital skills of society and the level of their prices, which has necessitated determining the dependence of GDP PPP per capita on prices for communication services of countries with varying degrees of socio-economic development. This makes it possible to identify reserves for improving the productivity of individuals while increasing the availability of telecommunications services.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫМ РАЗВИТИЕМ НА ОСНОВЕ БАЛАНСОВО-ОПТИМИЗАЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ

In the paper proved is the necessity of using system-based approach and modern mathematic and economic instruments in municipal management to increase the efficiency of management decision-making. Described is the balance-optimization economic-mathematical model that allows optimizing the growth of the key indicators of municipal units. The main instrument of the model is the method of dynamic programming developed by Richard Bellman. Used and projected in the model are the factors included in the list of the key indicators assessing the performance of municipal administration. The model predicts the development in the long run – for the period of 25 years. There is a positive experience with the application of this model for two small towns: Berdsk and Kyzyl. In the paper analyzed are the results of using the model for a large municipal formation – the city of Novosibirsk. Calculations have shown that in general the model may work with actual economic information and yields positive results but along with this it requires being adapted to the size of a municipal entity and the structure of the key indicators of its development.

Methods of cattle diet based on nutritional value of feed components

Purpose. Development of an economic-mathematical model and calculation of the optimal ration of feeding high-performance cows in the stall period, taking into account the capacity of energy, protein and dry matter. Methods. Methods of mathematical statistics and linear programming, higher mathematics, and probability theory were used. Results. A mathematical model has been developed to determine the required number of components of a diet, which makes it possible to calculate the diet in accordance with recent studies, taking into account the number of components available in the farm. Conclusions. Ensuring nutrient balance for cattle ensures the proper functioning of animals, with a normal distribution of energy between the costs of animal activity, development and milk production. Therefore, to ensure a life balance when drawing up the diet, attention should be paid to the dry matter, protein, lactation energy and the content of neutral detergent fiber. Keywords: diet, nutrients, nutrient balance, linear programming, cost of diet.

Optimizing the income of a crewing company in Ukraine

The article analyzes the status, trends and prospects of the development of the world labor market in the field of the maritime fleet, which makes it possible to determine that for this particular segment, characterized by stable dynamic development in the presence of significant reserves. The theoretical and practical aspects of formation and development of the market of crewing services in Ukraine are also covered. The paper considers such an important task as the selection of the optimal crew for ships' shipowners in order to maximize the income of the crewing company. The economic-mathematical model of optimization of the process of selection of crews of ships was constructed. In this case, the crewing company, which has completed the work on selecting the optimal crew, receives income as a percentage of the remuneration chosen through the model of the crew for the first month of his work. The more qualified this crew, the greater the income will receive a crewing company.