Economic-mathematical Model Research Articles

Pipe production cost management model based on graph theory

The pipe production process is a complex dynamical system with a significant number of production operations and interconnected cost localization centres. Purpose. To develop a mathematical model of the process of handling analytical information of a pipe enterprise using graph theory for the needs of cost management at each production stage. Methodology. Technological flow charts of the production job, where the list of mandatory activities and routing of the operating process are indicated, were used to organize cost accounting by operational centres of their localization with the help of computer modelling elements, namely the graph theory. The work used a complex of research methods, including analysis and scientific synthesis of scientific and technical information; theoretical studies; methods of mathematical and computer modelling, engineering developments. Findings. The cost accounting process is represented by a directed hypergraph. Each production operation is associated with a graph vertex. Each vertex is assigned to a series of interrelated marks: type of technological operation; weight factor; the value of direct costs for the operation; the value of indirect costs for the operation; the expense factor. The initial state of the hypergraph is specified by means of its initial marking, which corresponds to the set cipher of the batch of pipes and its weight. Further execution of the marked hypergraph is performed by running the allowed vertices. Marking of the graph ends if all the information from the technological flow charts of pipe products has been used. Originality. A model of cost management by operational centres is proposed which will allow dividing the prime cost of pipes which differ according to the production technology. It is recommended to rank pipe products within each technologically similar group for an economically feasible allocation of costs between batches of pipes. The proposed process model of processing analytical information of the pipe enterprise using graph theory will allow providing data governance as for the prime cost of each individual batch of pipe products, will contribute to the improvement in the order generation procedure taking into account the acquired information, and will allow making the appropriate adjustments when making management decisions. Practical value. Calculation of expenses for production operations allows one to identify the most cost-intensive of them. Relying on the results of the calculation, the enterprise management has the opportunity to manage costs at any stage of the production process. Moreover, the model allows determining the amount of consumed metal for each production operation, which is relevant for pipe enterprises. It is appropriate to focus further scientific developments in this direction on the possibility of managing non-manufacturing cost with the help of mathematical models in economics to optimize the supply and sales activities of the enterprise.

Innovation and infrastructure: driving forces for entrepreneurship development and economic opportunities

Purpose. To determine the relationship between innovation and infrastructure to support entrepreneurship as factors of growth of economic opportunities, based on the results of empirical research. Methodology. The case method and modern tools of econometric research were used to create an economic-mathematical model that assesses the relationship between economic opportunities and indicators of economic innovation. The research is based on the results of the Gallup 75 Years Anniversary Survey on current and future economic opportunities, as well as Global Innovation Index (GII) indicators. Findings. Creating favorable conditions for doing business and developing entrepreneurship is critically important for the economic recovery of Ukraine. The high level of entrepreneurial activity among Ukrainians emphasizes the importance of the development of innovative infrastructure and business support. The developed models can be used to forecast the economic capabilities of the population, which will contribute to the return of citizens and the development of the national economy. Thus, innovations and an effective infrastructure to support entrepreneurship play a key role in ensuring sustainable economic growth and social well-being in Ukraine. The results of the study can become the basis for developing strategies for economic development and solving migration problems in the post-war period. Determinants of the growth of economic opportunities of the population (human capital) are determined. The suggested GII parameters most correlate to positive feedback on economic opportunities and growth over the next 25 years. Originality. For the first time, the relationship between economic opportunities, the development of innovations and the development of infrastructure at the enterprise has been empirically proven. Statistically significant predictors of current and future economic opportunities of the population are substantiated and relevant economic and mathematical models for their evaluation and forecasting are developed. Practical value. The results of the study are particularly relevant in the context of solving the migration crisis caused by Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine. The return of citizens who have left the country depends on the creation of favorable conditions for business and the development of entrepreneurship. The developed models can be used to forecast the economic opportunities of the population in different countries, which will allow effective management of migration processes and promote the development of national economies. This will ensure the creation of a favorable business environment, which is critical for sustainable economic growth and social well-being.

Математична модель оптимального планування виробничого процесу

In the first half of the last century, due to the increasing complexity of production processes, there was a need for their more efficient organization. During this period, the foundations of mathematical modeling of economic processes were laid. Modern mathematical models of optimal planning integrate artificial intelligence, machine learning methods and large databases, take into account uncertainty and risks in production processes using stochastic dependencies and probability theory methods in the models. This makes it possible to model even more complex systems and take into account more factors, such as fluctuations in demand, changes in production supply chains, etc. Today, optimal planning models are the basis of enterprise management systems (ERP) and are used in various industries: from manufacturing to logistics and energy. This article considers an economic-mathematical model for planning the optimal production process under certain assumptions about the economic state. That is, the profit of the enterprise, which can produce different types of products, for each type of these products depends on the economic state of the country. It is determined what share in the total production of the enterprise will be occupied by a certain type of product in order to obtain maximum profit. The profit of the enterprise depends on the state of the economy, therefore the expected profit is characterized by the mathematical expectation of profit. For an optimal production plan, you need to strive for the best ratio between expected profit and risk (mean square deviation), that is, it is necessary to find the maximum of the function that characterizes this ratio and is a function of n unknowns. To find the extremum of this function, we find partial derivatives and obtain n nonlinear equations with n unknowns. Performing some transformations, we reduce this system to a system of n linear equations. If the non-negativity conditions are not imposed on the variables, then when solving the system, it may happen that some variables will take negative values. This means that in order to obtain optimal profit, it is not recommended to manufacture the corresponding type of products

Экономико-математическое моделирование как инструмент обоснования совершенствования материальной базы и технического потенциала аграрного производства

The article focuses on the description of the application of mathematical modeling in economics to optimize the material and technical base of agricultural organizations. The use of models in addressing complex problems and tasks to justify the enhancement of the technical potential of agricultural production has proven its effectiveness, as it allows for the determination of optimal parameters for the organization’s economic activities, contributing to increased economic efficiency and reduced material and monetary costs. The article presents three development scenarios for an agricultural enterprise – under minimally and maximally favorable conditions, as well as along the most probable trajectory – each of which considers various factors and constraints. The modeling results demonstrate significant reserves for improving profitability and resource efficiency under various scenarios, confirming the high practical value of the modeling method for the agricultural sector.

About mathematical modeling in limnology, oceanology, ecology and economics in the works of V.V. Menchutkin

The article gives a brief review of the works of Doctor of Biological Sciences, Prof. V.V. Menshutkin for the 65-year period of scientific activity, which began in the 60s of the XX century with experimental works on the hydrophisics of Lake Baikal and the first mathematical models of the perch population of the small lake Kherya-Yarvi (Karelian Isthmus) and fish community in Lake Dalneye (Kamchatka). The latter was of great practical importance when concluding an agreement with Japan on catch quotas for sockeye salmon.V.V. Menshutkin’s range of interests was very wide and included mathematical modeling in biology, physiology, limnology, oceanology, demography, economics, ecology and rational nature management. The works on research of water objects and processes in them include modeling of dynamics of fish and aquatic invertebrate populations, Antarctic krill. He created mathematical models of ecosystems of Ladoga and Onega lakes, and during oceanic expeditions of the Academy of Sciences — of the Sea of Japan and the Peruvian upwelling area.His research in the field of physiology of blood circulation and water-salt metabolism, works related to space subjects, modeling of diagnostics and treatment of mental diseases are interesting. V.V. Menshutkin paid special attention to the issues of biological evolution. V.V. Menshutkin paid special attention to the issues of biological evolution and modeling of evolutionary process. The mathematical apparatus used by V.V. Menshutkin is very broad. The mathematical apparatus used by V.V. Menshutkin is very wide: from systems of differential equations to finite automata, neural networks, fuzzy logic and cognitive modeling (a new direction in artificial intelligence), with which the studies of ecological-socio-economic systems of water bodies catchments were connected.O.P. Savchuk and V.V. Menshutkin united research methods — mathematical modeling and objects under study: oceans, seas and lakes. However, their only joint work was the collective monograph on the results of “Nevskaya Guba” project, which conclusions became the basis for the important decision to complete the construction of the dam in St. Petersburg.

THE FREIGHT FORWARDING OPERATIONS WITH BULK CARGO IMPROVEMENT

Abstract. The article considers the technology of bulk cargo transportation option by accelerated trains, based on two separate routes that allow delivering goods to the countries of the European Union by land in the West of our country and through the ports of the Black Sea coast. Approaches that allow not only to choose the best option for the bulk cargo transporting by accelerated trains technology, but also improving the vehicles use under the conditions of limited resources are considered. The rationality of measures to improve the quality of freight transportation organization is not only the economic effect from freight charges, but also the time of delivery. The analysis of the generalized economic-mathematical model of container trains, that includes the main criteria and parameters taking into account the technical equipment of the chain and the technology of transit flows, when service channels of different capacity in can exist each part of the logistic transport chain, with different costs and effects on the development of road traffic. The model of a freight container train proposed in this section improves the technology for the goods in containers transportation by the railways. During the delivery and export of goods by vehicles model development, it is necessary to take into account the fact that under present conditions, the volume of small-scale transport is almost zero. This is because they are expensive (high transport fee), have low product safety and long delivery time. Almost all of them are now transported by road, so it is not recommended to consider them as a promising direction in the further development of services for the import and export of goods. After calculating the savings from car turnover by containers acceleration, it was found that shipping containers in a block container train is much more efficient than in a block group, as cargo delivery times are faster, ranging from 8.05 to 9.08 days. We get savings from acceleration of car turnover by containers for a year within 430 - 450 thousand UAH. Economic consequences of introduction of container trains in Ukraine for 5 years of operation is 1 965 128 UAH for the route (S1) and 1 979 142 UAH for the route (S2). The proposed approaches prospect of development may be clarified by predicting the volumes of transport and the costs of components associated with the transport of goods in containers, by using stochastic modeling methods and artificial intelligence.

FORECASTING THE VALUE OF IRON ORE RAW MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF STATISTICAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Objective. The objective of the present article is the development of evaluation of the effectiveness of forecasting the time series of cost indicators as stochastic using known methods. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition were used in the research process: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and systematization, statistical methods of time series analysis. Results. The article presents the stages of forming a statistical analysis of a time series. It has been established that in modern conditions of evaluating the effectiveness of economic research, a more thorough analysis of the dependence of value indicators on time is necessary. Their mathematical models are usually used to describe the behavior of physical objects. If a model based on physical laws can be obtained, such a model would be deterministic. At the same time, in practice, even such a model is not completely deterministic, since a number of unaccounted factors may participate in it. For such objects, it is not possible to offer a deterministic model that allows accurate calculation of the future behavior of the object. Nevertheless, it is possible to propose a model that allows you to calculate the probability that some future value will lie in a certain interval. Such a model is called stochastic. Time series models of commodity prices in the time domain are actually stochastic. An important class of stochastic models for describing time series are stationary models. They are based on the assumption that the process remains in equilibrium with respect to a constant average level, which is confirmed by studying the time series of the cost of goods in the time domain.Mathematical models of stochastic time series were built based on the study of the real dependence of indicators on time. In practical terms, this will improve the economic performance of the enterprise. For practical implementation, a stochastic time series of the cost indicator was constructed; an economic-mathematical model for the value indicator based on a time series was formed for the purpose of forecasting. The quality of the forecast is determined not only by the forecast error, but also by the number of parameters included in the model of the forecasting function. Analysis of the data shows that the smallest forecast error occurs for the analytical trend function. Along with this, the trend function has six parameters. If we take into account the number of parameters, then the best method will be the moving average, which has an error variance of 54 with one parameter.

A model for optimizing an investment portfolio in modern conditions

Subject. This article discusses the issues of improving the methodology for optimizing an investment portfolio in modern conditions. Objectives. The article aims to develop a model for optimizing the investment portfolio, taking into account the investor's risk profile and the limited budget. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, mathematical modeling in economics, machine learning methods, genetic algorithms, and the Python programming language. Results. The article presents the author-developed model of optimizing the investment portfolio of an enterprise, based on the symbiosis of individual elements and principles of the most effective methods of optimizing the investment portfolio, algorithms for their implementation, mathematical model and practical recommendations. Conclusions and Relevance. The combination of classical methods of investment portfolio optimization and machine learning in the model helps improve the accuracy of assessing the future return of assets and determine their weights in the investor's portfolio. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that the scientific provisions that actualize the task of improving existing or developing new approaches to optimizing the investment portfolio are proved. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the presented model is of an applied nature, taking into account the risk profile of the investor, tactical and strategic goals of investment, and budget constraints. The results of the study may be of interest to novice stock market participants, experienced investors, IT specialists engaged in the creation of programs and robots for trading on the stock market using machine learning tools.

Information system of support of economic decisions on the development of the Internet provider network

The paper suggests and confirms the hypothesis about the dependence of the price of internet service provider tariffs on the main economic and demographic determinants, and also defines the list of these determinants. An economic-mathematical model for optimizing the distribution of the budget for the expansion of the Internet provider's network between the execution of connection requests for separate service lines and tariffs has been developed. One of the key elements of the activity of Internet providers is the solution of the "last mile" problem, which consists in providing a communication service between the end user and the provider's Internet access node. Taking into account the orientation of such enterprises to the maximization of their own profit, this problem should be considered in the technical and economic dimension. Solving this problem requires a multidimensional approach that takes into account technology, economics and geography, as well as the significant investment required to expand network coverage and meet the demands of a distributed customer base. Internet providers should take into account the negative impact of possible network congestion, non-linear pricing, as well as consumer demand when optimizing pricing strategies and network development strategies. The developed model was applied to historical data on the activity of the Internet provider. The proposed approaches are combined into a single information system to support economic decision-making for the development of network of Internet providers, which contributes to the implementation of the developed model in practice and allows to increase the efficiency of the production activities of such enterprises. The paper put forward and confirmed the hypothesis about the dependence of prices for fixed Internet connection services on the dollar exchange rate, the cost of connecting to the trunk node, and the population. Approaches to economic decision-making in the management of the Internet provider's activities were further developed, namely, an economic-mathematical model was developed and tested to optimize the allocation of the budget for the expansion of the Internet provider's network between the satisfaction of applications of potential subscribers for connection in the section of individual tariffs of the provider's current tariff grid. As a result of the test of the developed economic-mathematical optimization model on the historical data of the enterprise, the possibility of improving the expected profit relative to the basic plan by 18% was established.

Economic and mathematical model of residential property prices in Dnipro city

The paper develops an economic-mathematical model of housing prices in Dnipro city. Data for 2024 were collected, which included: Price per square meter (US dollar); Distance from the center (km); Total area (square meter); Number of rooms; Floor; Type of walls; Repair; Availability of autonomous heating; Height difference; View of windows; Guest bathroom; View of the ceiling; View of the hall floor; Guest area; Bedroom; Floor in the kitchen; Bathroom floor; Type of heating batteries; Ceiling height; m; Residential area (square meter); Kitchen area (square meter); Balcony/loggia; Air conditioners; Bathroom; Kitchen furniture; Bathroom furniture; Bedroom furniture; Furniture in the living room; Machinery; Availability of Wi-Fi; Bathroom area (square meter); Lighting devices in the kitchen; Lighting devices in the bathroom; Lighting devices in the bedroom; Lighting devices in the living room; Year of construction of the building. 24 classifiers were created to determine quantitative signs of qualitative characteristics of housing, in which class numbers start from 1. Based on these data, k-means clustering was carried out, as a result, 6 different classes were formed. An economic-mathematical model was created for each class, built on the basis of neural networks implemented in the Statistica software package. Each grid included three layers, and the hidden layer had at least 50-100 neurons. The quality of the model for each class ranged from 75% to 100%. Classification by the method of neural networks was preceded by a check of the level of correspondence of the previously found class of the object. It was recognized that in 70% of the objects, the class coincided with the significant class by the k-means method. The calculation of the price of a new apartment begins with the classification of its parameters with the determination of the number and the choice of the cluster to which it should be assigned. Next, the price is calculated according to the model of the corresponding cluster. Since for some clusters from 2 to 5 models are calculated, the average of the predicted price is found, and its standard serves as a possible border for trading between the buyer and the seller. Checking the accuracy of the model on data that was not included in the construction of the model showed an average deviation within 7 %.

Plagiarism in the scientific environment: Assessing economic losses, current problems and solutions in countering research falsification

Relevance. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of developing approaches to assessing the damage caused to the scientific community and society as a whole by manifestations of deviant behaviour at all stages of the scientific process. The problem of science development from the point of view of ambivalence of scientific principles and behaviour of individual representatives of the scientific community is considered. Purpose. The main objective of the study is to develop a conceptual approach that allows for the assessment of economic losses caused by deviations from constructive behaviour in the process of scientific activity. Methodology. The set of methods used in the research process is represented by the methods of deduction and induction, analysis, and synthesis, comparative and system analysis, elements of economic and mathematical modelling. Results. The cases of unfairness in conducting research and their impact on reducing the level of trust in science have been studied. The formation of a conceptual approach to the assessment of economic losses as an important scientific task, the implementation of which is carried out using an economic-mathematical model, is substantiated. The proposed solution will make it possible to unify methodological approaches to the assessment of damage from the manifestation of deviations in science. Conclusions. The problems are defined, the detection and identification of which is necessary for the development of recommendations aimed at counteracting the manifestation of deviations in science. The scaling of the proposed approach to the assessment of economic losses that are inflicted on society when the principles of intellectual honesty are violated in the process of conducting scientific research will ensure the strengthening of the positions of social, ethical and economic justice, will increase the level of trust in science. Keywords: ethics; ambivalence; deviant behaviour; implicit zone; economic-mathematical model

Epidemiological and health economic implications of symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens: A mathematical modelling investigation.

Respiratory pathogens inflict a substantial burden on public health and the economy. Although the severity of symptoms caused by these pathogens can vary from asymptomatic to fatal, the factors that determine symptom severity are not fully understood. Correlations in symptoms between infector-infectee pairs, for which evidence is accumulating, can generate large-scale clusters of severe infections that could be devastating to those most at risk, whilst also conceivably leading to chains of mild or asymptomatic infections that generate widespread immunity with minimal cost to public health. Although this effect could be harnessed to amplify the impact of interventions that reduce symptom severity, the mechanistic representation of symptom propagation within mathematical and health economic modelling of respiratory diseases is understudied. We propose a novel framework for incorporating different levels of symptom propagation into models of infectious disease transmission via a single parameter, α. Varying α tunes the model from having no symptom propagation (α = 0, as typically assumed) to one where symptoms always propagate (α = 1). For parameters corresponding to three respiratory pathogens-seasonal influenza, pandemic influenza and SARS-CoV-2-we explored how symptom propagation impacted the relative epidemiological and health-economic performance of three interventions, conceptualised as vaccines with different actions: symptom-attenuating (labelled SA), infection-blocking (IB) and infection-blocking admitting only mild breakthrough infections (IB_MB). In the absence of interventions, with fixed underlying epidemiological parameters, stronger symptom propagation increased the proportion of cases that were severe. For SA and IB_MB, interventions were more effective at reducing prevalence (all infections and severe cases) for higher strengths of symptom propagation. For IB, symptom propagation had no impact on effectiveness, and for seasonal influenza this intervention type was more effective than SA at reducing severe infections for all strengths of symptom propagation. For pandemic influenza and SARS-CoV-2, at low intervention uptake, SA was more effective than IB for all levels of symptom propagation; for high uptake, SA only became more effective under strong symptom propagation. Health economic assessments found that, for SA-type interventions, the amount one could spend on control whilst maintaining a cost-effective intervention (termed threshold unit intervention cost) was very sensitive to the strength of symptom propagation. Overall, the preferred intervention type depended on the combination of the strength of symptom propagation and uptake. Given the importance of determining robust public health responses, we highlight the need to gather further data on symptom propagation, with our modelling framework acting as a template for future analysis.

Построение экономико-математической модели для повышения экономической эффективности проведения массовых мероприятий за счет скользящего планирования

Due to the enormous changes that have occurred in the world over the last few years, for many companies the issue of economic efficiency of their activities has become vitally important. The events industry was not an exception. The economic side of mass events has not yet described adequate in the scientific literature, which makes it difficult to create high-quality IT tools. Such a toolkit should be based on a mathematical model, which will be built considering the economic features of the activities, which in turn requires the study of these features. Thus, the purpose of the study is to formulate a target problem of integer programming based on factors influencing economic indicators during in the process of mass event. The work is based on an analysis of the results of “field” observations, internal documentation of organizing companies, materials of large public events that are in the public domain, as well as scientific and popular literature on the organization and conduct of mass events. In the article, based on the characteristics of mass events, factors influencing economic indicators during the event are determined, and on their basis, the target problem of integer programming is formed. The three-level model proposed by the author for optimizing the distribution of resources in the process of holding a mass event, based on the criteria of fulfilling the plan for a mass event, reducing the costs of attracting resources and their redistribution, can be further considered as the basis for creating IT tools for automating the processes of mass events, which will provide the greatest flexibility and rational use of available resources in various situations.

Marketing logistics support for the export of cereals from Ukraine under the conditions of marital state

The research paper aims to improve the marketing logistics processes to support grain export supplies from Ukraine during martial law conditions. Research methodology. The research was based on the dialectical method of cognition, fundamental economic theory, logistics, and marketing. It also drew from scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the issues of marketing logistics and the formation of supply chains for agri-food products. The research utilized a wide range of general and specialized methods, including in-depth monographic study of assigned tasks, theoretical generalization and comparison, historical-retrospective analysis of the development of marketing, sales, and logistics management, functional-cost and statistical analysis, heuristic assessment and analysis of logistics processes in the agricultural sector, correlation-regression analysis, and graphic representation of research results and economic trends. Research results. The critical aspects of the influence of Russian military aggression on essential logistics functions and costs for logistical support of export supplies of corn from Ukraine, as well as its main competitors, are determined based on the application of the Aglink-Cosimo economic-mathematical recursive-dynamic partial equilibrium model. Elements of scientific novelty. Using the Aglink-Cosimo model, we developed several scenarios to predict the impact on the harvest and export levels of all crops in Ukraine and the level of wheat exports from Ukraine in 2022/23 MR and world wheat prices. If Ukraine loses its export opportunities completely, it will result in a 19% increase in the world price of wheat. Practical relevance. The practical significance of the results is the development of science-based proposals for improving marketing logistics support for agricultural enterprises specializing in corn-producing for grain. Keywords: marketing logistics, export, logistics supply chains, grain crops, corn, logistics costs, alternative logistics routes, Grain Corridor, Aglink-Cosimo economic-mathematical model.

Optimisation of production and modelling of production costs in farms

A significant area of improvement of the economic efficiency of agricultural enterprises, especially in the context of martial law, is to optimise production and use of resource potential. The purpose of this study was to develop scientific and practical recommendations for optimising the production activities of farms. The study employed the following methods: system analysis and synthesis to determine the reserves of the types of resources involved; economic-mathematical modelling and optimisation to determine best solutions; analytical-calculation method to calculate production indicators; correlation and regression analysis to determine the dependence of milk production costs on resource consumption; graphical method and extrapolation to find the values of the regression function. The principal stages and features of building an economic-mathematical model for optimising the resource potential of enterprise were identified. The model was used to analyse data, identify reserves of resource potential, find an optimisation solution for product sales volumes using the Solution Search spreadsheet tool, and adopt a strategy for improving economic efficiency. The study offered a solution for the economic and mathematical modelling of the best structure of production of a farm, which factors in the available production resources. The modelling found that the maximum income can be obtained by redistributing the production volumes of certain types of products and, accordingly, the resources for their production, considering the standard costs of production per unit of product, prices for products and resources. Using the modelling, the study obtained a regression dependence of the cost of milk produced in household farms on the cost of feed, labour costs, wages, and the number of cows. The study found the impact of certain types of resources on the production cost and builds the corresponding graphical dependencies. The practical value of the findings of this study lies in the possibility of using the recommendations directly by members of farms in planning, organising production activities, and optimising the use of resource potential

Substantiation of Estimation Methods of Technogenic Noise Impact in Cadastral Value Determination of Land Plots

This article presents a substantiation of methods for assessing the impact of anthropogenic noise pollution for land taxation. Statistical analyses have been carried out in order to establish the dependence of the market value of land plots for residential development in St. Petersburg on noise pollution caused by transport infrastructure facilities. The obtained data allowed us to conclude that in the modern conditions of the imperfect market, the considered factor is externalized. When finding the dependence, it can be included in the economic–mathematical model of cadastral value determination as an internal factor of the market, thus ensuring the principle of fairness of taxation. The lack of market reaction dictates the need to internalize negative environmental externalities through state regulation of land redistribution or redistribution of the tax burden between land rightholders and rightholders of objects that create noise.

КОМПЛЕКСНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ НАДАНИХ ПОСЛУГ ПАСАЖИРАМ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ, ЯК СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО УСПІХУ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article addresses the important issue of assessing service quality in the railway passenger transport sector. The author of the article tackles this problem by developing and proposing a modified methodology for evaluating the quality of passenger transport services by rail. The main goal of the research was to determine an integrated indicator of service quality using an economic-mathematical model. The article provides a detailed description of the essence and peculiarities of the developed methodology, highlighting key aspects of assessing the quality of railway passenger transport services. Special attention is paid to the analysis and determination of the advantages of the proposed approach compared to existing methodologies, particularly in the selection of indicators for assessing the quality of railway passenger transport services. The features of service quality assessment at three key stages: before the trip, during the trip, and after the trip, are discussed, taking into account the specifics of railway transport. The obtained results allow determining an integrated indicator reflecting the overall level of passenger service at all stages. The elucidation of the peculiarities of the proposed methodology and its effectiveness in the context of railway transport allows the author to draw reasoned conclusions about the level of passenger service and identify directions for further research in this area. The developed methodology opens up new opportunities for collecting and analyzing data on the quality of passenger service in railway transport, contributing to further optimization and improvement of passenger transportation by «Ukrzaliznytsia».

Methodological aspects of assessing the level of risk resistance of retail trade enterprises

The article aims to improve the scientific and methodological approach to assessing retail enterprises' risk tolerance levels. The research process used the following methods: analysis, synthesis, structuring, systematization, graphic modeling, multidimensional analysis, and integral assessment. The article describes the main features of the modern external environment. Risk management is developing forward-looking thinking and forming readiness for risky situations. The essence of the "risk resistance" concept is revealed, and the main concepts that define it are characterized. A three-dimensional graphic model has been developed, and a methodological toolkit for assessing the level of risk tolerance of retail trade enterprises has been substantiated. An economic-mathematical model is proposed to estimate the probability of achieving a retail enterprise's target level of risk tolerance. A system of system-forming factors that influence the provision of the retail trade enterprise's target level of risk resistance has been formed. The scientific-methodical approach to assessing the level of risk resistance of a retail trade enterprise has been improved, considering the ability to resist external risks and the level of internal risks. It allows the formation of a system of management decisions to ensure a timely response to a wide range of resource and time constraints risks while contributing to achieving target indicators of activity retail trade enterprises. The graphic model of the values of the concepts of risk resistance of a retail trade company, developed based on the results of the study, focuses attention on the dynamics of the concept over time and creates an opportunity to ensure the control of the actual values of the concepts of risk resistance and determine their compliance with permissible, nominal, and critical values. Further research is planned to be devoted to conducting studies of current practices of external and internal risk management in Kharkiv's retail trade enterprises. Keywords: risk, risk resistance, level, risk-generating factors, concepts, integral assessment, integral indicator.

Introduction to the special issue on mathematical economic epidemiology models

Introduction to the special issue on mathematical economic epidemiology models

Recommendations for the use of efficient water resources in mountainous areas and its economic-mathematical model

Taking into account the global nature of this problem, creating modern methods and economic-mathematical models of the use of clean drinking water resources that are inefficiently used in winter and spring in the mountainous regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, creating an artificial water basin by attracting foreign and national investors by advertising reasonable information about clean drinking water resources taken as the goal of the idea Garasha river area, to ensure the reawakening of nature around the basin, and to create conditions for the establishment of tourist zones in the recreation areas that are expected to be created by people. The next solution of the idea is the construction of model residences for the population living at the risk of floods, and the preliminary project of water supply has been developed with the support of our state and investors. Optimal use of water resources is increasingly recognized as a strategic issue for countries.