3D Printing Materials Research Articles

Microstructural investigation of hybrid CAD/CAM restorative dental materials by micro-CT and SEM

ObjectivesAn increasing number of CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) hybrid materials have been introduced to the dental market in recent years. In addition, CAD/CAM hybrid materials for additive manufacturing (AM) are becoming more attractive in digital dentistry. Studies on material microstructures using micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have only been available to a limited extent so far. MethodsOne CAD/CAM three-dimensional- (3D-) printable hybrid material (VarseoSmile Crown plus) and two CAD/CAM millable hybrid materials (Vita Enamic; Voco Grandio), as well as one direct composite material (Ceram.x duo), were included in the present study. Cylindrical samples with a diameter of 2 mm were produced from each material and investigated by means of synchrotron radiation µ-CT at a voxel size of 0.65 µm. Different samples from the same materials, obtained by cutting and polishing, were investigated by SEM. ResultsThe 3D-printed hybrid material showed some agglomerations and a more irregular distribution of fillers, as well as a visible layered macrostructure and a few spherical pores due to the printing process. The CAD/CAM millable hybrid materials revealed a more homogenous distribution of ceramic particles. The direct composite material showed multiple air bubbles and microstructural irregularities based on manual processing. SignificanceThe µ-CT and SEM analysis of the materials revealed different microstructures even though they belong to the same class of materials. It could be shown that µ-CT and SEM imaging are valuable tools to understand microstructure and related mechanical properties of materials.

Development of recyclable bio-based epoxy/acrylate blends for liquid crystal display 3D printing

AbstractBio-based epoxy resins are widely utilized in various application fields such as adhesives, coatings, composites, and electrical components, offering comparable performance characteristics to conventional epoxy resins, including high strength, durability, and chemical resistance. The use of bio-based materials in 3D printing has been receiving increasing attention as a means of reducing the environmental impact of this technology, because most formulations available for stereolithography and digital light processing are generally non-renewable. This study aimed to explore the potential of blending a bio-based epoxy resin with a commercial daylight-curable resin at various msss percentages to enhance the thermomechanical properties of 3D-printed parts while adhering to the working principle of liquid crystal display (LCD) printers. The prepared formulations were initially characterized in terms of their thermo-mechanical properties both before and after post-treatments like photo- and thermal-curing. This procedure facilitated a comparison of the various blends based on their mechanical strength, glass transition temperature, and other pertinent properties. Upon identifying the optimal formulation, 3D-printed samples were produced using LCD printing technology. Calorimetric and morphological tests were then carried out to evaluate the thermal stability and microstructure of the printed parts. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that blending recyclable bio-based epoxy resins with commercial ones can lead to enhanced properties in additive manufactured parts. This approach has the potential to promote sustainability in 3D printing by reducing the consumption of non-renewable resources, while still meeting the standard performance required for numerous applications.

How safe are 3D-printed skull models for neurosurgical simulation? Measurement of airborne particles and VOCs while burr hole drilling

PurposeThree-dimensional (3D)printed skulls for neurosurgical training are increasingly being used due to the widespread access to 3D printing technology, their low cost and accuracy, as well as limitations and ethical concerns associated with using human cadavers. However, little is known about the risks of airborne particles or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released while drilling into 3D-printed plastic models. The aim of this study is to assess the level of exposure to airborne contaminants while burr hole drilling.Design/methodology/approach3D-printed skull samples were produced using three different materials (polyethylene terephthalate glycol [PETG], white resin and BoneSTN) across three different 3D print processes (fused filament fabrication, stereolithography [SLA] and material jetting). A neurosurgeon performed extended burr hole drilling for 10 min on each sample. Spot measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were recorded, and air samples were analysed for approximately 90 VOCs.FindingsThe particulate matter for PETG was found to be below the threshold value for respirable particles. However, the particulate matter for white resin and BoneSTN was found to be above the threshold value at PM10, which could be harmful for long periods of exposure without personal protective equipment (PPE). The VOC measurements for all materials were found to be below safety thresholds, and therefore not harmful.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the safety of 3D-printed materials for burr hole surgical drilling. It recommends PETG as a safe material requiring minimal respiratory control measures, whereas resin-based materials will require safety controls to deal with airborne particles.

Optimization of 3D-printed solar evaporators for enhanced interfacial solar steam generation and beyond: Investigating surface modifications and nanocomposite coatings

The present work investigates the influence of variations in top evaporative surface angle of the 3D-printed solar evaporators in interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG). In this regard, different convex surface modifications such as 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° inclination are fabricated and covered with carbon cloth (CX-0, CX-15, CX-30 and CX-45). Among all, CX-45 evaporator exhibits better ISSG performance and hence, CX-45 evaporator is alone coated with as-synthesized tantalum oxide/potassium tantalate nanocomposite (CX-45/NC) and used to study the enhancement in ISSG. At 1 kW/m2 solar illumination, mass loss (ML), evaporation flux (EF) and efficiency (EY) are measured and found to be 2.5 g, 4.366 kg/m2h and 104.95% respectively for 60 min duration. Furthermore, the outdoor performance (∼656.791 W/m2 for 8 h) of the above evaporator exhibits better ML, EF and EY of about 7.5 g, 1.637 kg/m2h and 59.99% respectively. We propose that: (i) increasing the top evaporative surface angle of the 3D evaporator enhances the surface area, facilitating the accumulation of a greater amount of water molecules (ii) the low thermal conductivity of the 3D-printed material prevents excessive heat flow to the bulk water (iii) the presence of water-absorbing groups within the carbon cloth accelerates the rate of water absorption (iv) applying a nanocomposite coating onto the carbon cloth surface enhances its ability to trap light energy effectively (v) enhanced surface roughness of the 3D-printed evaporator minimizes heat losses through mechanisms such as scattering and reflection. Moreover, the developed 3D-printed evaporator gives a sustainable solution for the purification of dye molecules and oil-water separation, as evident from this study.

Effects of co-assembly of gliadin and carboxymethyl cellulose on the high internal phase pickering emulsions: Rheology properties, 3D printing performance and oil-soluble nutrient delivery

High internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) stabilized with gliadin-based particles have received considerable attention because of the advantages of easy access, low cost and clean label. However, the relatively weak self-supporting and thixotropic recovery properties limit their application in food 3D printing. The present study investigated the effects of co-assembly of gliadin and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the gel network structure, viscoelasticity, thixotropic recovery, 3D printing properties and β-carotene delivery performance of HIPPEs stabilized with gliadin-based colloid particles. The results showed that the combination of gliadin and CMC significantly enhanced the density of gel network structure of HIPPEs and endowed the HIPPEs solid-like viscoelasticity, moderate shear thinning behavior and excellent thixotropic recovery rate as well as 3D printability. The HIPPEs realized an optimal performance at a gliadin/CMC mass ratio of 2:1, with a thixotropic recovery rate up to 93.23 ± 0.72 %, and the corresponding printed 3D model had a smooth surface, regular shape, and good printing accuracy. In addition, the potential application of HIPPEs in delivery of oil-soluble nutrients was investigated using β-carotene as a model. The result suggested that the stability and bioaccessibility of β-carotene was significantly improved from 25.71 ± 0.29 % to 59.70 ± 0.99 % and 12.30 ± 0.11 % to 37.04 ± 0.76 % respectively as the existence of CMC. This study provides references for the construction and design of food 3D printing materials.

Pivotal role of polylactide in carbon emission reduction: A comprehensive review

AbstractThis review paper explores the diverse applications of polylactide or polylactic acid (PLA) and its contributions to environmental sustainability. It delves into the synthesis, properties, and numerous applications of PLA, accompanied by illustrative examples demonstrating its ability to reduce carbon emissions. The environmentally friendly characteristics of PLA, coupled with its versatility, make it a vital player in the ongoing efforts to combat climate change. PLA generally requires lower extrusion temperatures than other 3D printing materials, such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). Lower extrusion temperatures lead to reduced energy consumption during the printing process thus the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions during production. Plants, such as corn and sugarcane, play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during their growth cycle. When these plants are utilized to produce PLA, the captured CO2 remains sequestered within the plastic material. This contributes to offsetting CO2 emissions from other sources. In conclusion, the usage of PLA has demonstrated positive contributions to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through its renewable sourcing, lower extrusion temperatures, lower dependence on fossil fuels, reduced greenhouse gas emissions during production, biodegradability, and participation in a closed carbon cycle.

Comparative analysis of modern technologies of additive production

In today's conditions, 3D printing is used to create unique models, prototypes, and equipment necessary for conducting experiments and studying various phenomena and processes, for the rapid prototyping of various parts and devices in scientific and engineering research. 3D printing technologies are actively used to create individual medical implants, prostheses, and organ models for training and planning operations, which significantly improves the quality of medical care. In the aerospace and automotive industries, additive manufacturing is used to create lightweight and durable parts helping to reduce weight and improve vehicle efficiency. The use of additive manufacturing methods, technologies, and tools allows you to check and test designs and concepts before mass production. In this work, a detailed analysis of various existing 3D printers is carried out depending on the tasks, and modern technologies of additive manufacturing are investigated depending on the set goals and scientific and applied tasks. Such technologies include Fused Deposition Modeling, Stereolithography, Selective Laser Sintering, Direct Metal Laser Sintering, and Digital Light Processing. In the work, a comparative analysis of these technologies was carried out according to various criteria, such as principle of operation, materials, resolution, surface finish, accuracy, speed, strength, application, cost, complexity of parts, and post-processing. For each technology, the advantages and disadvantages of its use are determined depending on the goals and objectives. It should be noted that some materials may not be suitable for printing complex parts or require additional support during the printing process. This can lead to complexity in the processing of products and increase the time and costs of printing. Improper selection of materials for 3D printing can be harmful to the environment or human health when used incorrectly. For example, some plastic materials may emit toxic elements or have low biodegradability. Also, using excess expensive material unnecessarily can increase the cost of the project. Keywords: additive manufacturing, 3D printing, additive manufacturing technologies, Fused Deposition Modeling, Stereolithography, Selective Laser Sintering, Direct Metal Laser Sintering, Digital Light Processing.

Microstructural Investigation of Process Parameters Dedicated to Laser Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi7Mg0.6 Alloy.

This study presents a microstructural investigation of the printing parameters of an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy produced by powder bed fusion (PBF) using laser beam melting (LB/M) technology. The investigation focused on the effects of laser power, exposure velocity, and hatching distance on the microhardness, porosity, and microstructure of the produced alloy. The microstructure was characterized in the plane of printing on a confocal microscope. The results showed that the printing parameters significantly affected the microstructure, whereas the energy density had a major effect. Decreasing the laser power and decreasing the hatching distance resulted in increased porosity and the increased participation of non-melted particles. A mathematical model was created to determine the porosity of a 3D-printed material based on three printing parameters. Microhardness was not affected by the printing parameters. The statistical model created based on the porosity investigation allowed for the illustration of the technological window and showed certain ranges of parameter values at which the porosity of the produced samples was at a possible low level.

Advancements in developing biomaterials for 3D printing photosensitive resins containing quaternary ammonium molecules for enhanced oral healthcare

In this study, we investigated the development of biomaterials tailored for UV-cured 3D printing technology in oral healthcare. Traditionally, 3D-printed oral healthcare products have exhibited imperfections in antimicrobial and anti-pollution properties, limiting their utility. To address this challenge, we synthesised antimicrobial agents incorporating quaternary ammonium groups through a combination of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and choline chloride. These agents were then blended with diluents, resins, and photoinitiators to create raw materials suitable for UV-curing 3D printing photosensitive resins. Subsequently, the resins were subjected to digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing for curing. The resulting 3D-printed material underwent rigorous mechanical and antimicrobial testing. Our findings demonstrate that the 3D printed compounds, cured through this process, exhibited exceptional hardness, tensile properties, antimicrobial characteristics, and long-lasting antimicrobial durability. These developments promise widespread adoption and application within the oral healthcare field.

Effects of printing orientation and artificial ageing on martens hardness and indentation modulus of 3D printed restorative resin materials

BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used to fabricate dental restorations due to its enhanced precision, consistency and time and cost-saving advantages. The properties of 3D-printed resin materials can be influenced by the chosen printing orientation which can impact the mechanical characteristics of the final products. PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of printing orientation and artificial ageing on the Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) of 3D-printed definitive and temporary dental restorative resins. MethodsDisk specimens (20 mm diameter × 2 mm height) were additively manufactured in three printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) using five 3D-printable resins: VarseoSmile Crownplus (VCP), Crowntec (CT), Nextdent C&B MFH (ND), Dima C&B temp (DT), and GC temp print (GC). The specimens were printed using a DLP 3D-printer (ASIGA MAX UV), while LavaTM Ultimate (LU) and Telio CAD (TC) served as milled control materials. Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) were tested both before and after storage in distilled water and artificial saliva for 1, 30, and 90 days at 37 °C. Results90° printed specimens exhibited higher HM than the other orientations at certain time points, but no significant differences were observed in HM and EIT between orientations for all 3D-printed materials after 90 days of ageing in both aging media. LU milled control material exhibited the highest HM and EIT among the tested materials, while TC, the other milled control, showed similar values to the 3D printed resins. CT and VCP (definitive resins) and ND displayed higher Martens parameters compared to DT and GC (temporary resins). The hardness of the 3D-printed materials was significantly impacted by artificial ageing compared to the controls, with ND having the least hardness reduction percentage amongst all 3D-printed materials. The hardness reduction percentage in distilled water and artificial saliva was similar for all materials except for TC, where higher reduction was noted in artificial saliva. SignificanceThe used 3D printed resins cannot yet be considered viable alternatives to milled materials intended for definitive restorations but are preferable for use as temporary restorations.

"Fabrication of cutting inserts with chromium-molybdenum steel for turning operations using material extrusion technology"

In this study, cutting inserts for turning were produced using metal 3D printing's material extrusion technology. The primary focus was on optimizing cutting parameters. An experimental plan was devised involving rounds of cutting tests based on a design of experiments and analysis of variance. Inserts were manufactured by printing bound metal powder filament, a combination of chromium-molybdenum tool steel with a polymeric binder. After printing, green parts underwent debinding to eliminate the binder, eventually resulting in full metal parts via sintering. These inserts underwent machining tests on aluminum-copper EN AW-2030 alloy specimens. Results indicated that the inserts could function within cutting speeds (Vc) ranging from 40 to 260 m/min, feed rates (f) from 0.05 to 0.25 mm/r, and radial pass depths (ap) from 0.1 to 2.4 mm. Optimal technological conditions were determined as Vc = 160–200 m/min, f = 0.20–0.25 mm/r, and ap = 1.2 mm. Analysis revealed that cutting speed was less significant than feed rate or depth of cut on tool wear. Feed rate minimized wear within the 0.15–0.25 mm/r range, while pass depth proved most influential on wear, with optimal values between 0.8 and 1.2 mm. Surface finish, assessed through mean roughness Ra, showed high dependence on pass depth, improving for low ap values and relatively high Vc values. These findings demonstrate that inserts fabricated via material extrusion can operate within a technological range like commercial inserts, presenting an advanced approach for customizing design and manufacturing while surpassing conventional insert limitations.

Enhancing interfacial bond strength between PEEK and inkjet-printed silver film through laser surface modification for additive manufacturing of electronics

Electronic 3D printing is a very promising technology, which is widely used in the manufacturing of conformal antennas, flexible electronics and sensors. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is one of the most popular substrate materials for electronic 3D printing due to its superior fatigue resistance, heat tolerance, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties. However, the deficient bond between the PEEK substrate and the conductive ink leads to the peeling and shedding of the conductive pattern. This paper investigated the enhancement of the bond strength between the PEEK substrate and the conductive layer through PEEK surface modification. A 355 nm ns solid-state laser was used to treat the PEEK surface with different values of laser scanning spacing (S) and spot overlap rate (R). The surface microstructure, surface roughness, wettability, and functional groups of the treated substrates have been measured. Then the nanoparticle silver ink was printed and cured on the treated substrate. After that, the bonding strength was measured using a pull-off adhesion tester. Results showed that regular grooves were generated and the content of active oxygen atoms was increased on the PEEK surface through laser modification. The mechanical interlocking between the grooves and silver particles and hydrogen bonds induced by the active oxygen atoms and the hydroxyl groups contribute to the enhancement of bond strength between PEEK and silver film. The bond strength for the laser treated PEEK reached the maximum of 1.9 MPa, which was 413.51% higher than that of the untreated PEEK. The laser modification can effectively enhance the interfacial bond strength for additive manufacturing of reliable electronics.

Exploring the use of Biodegradable Polymer Materials in Sustainable 3D Printing

The use of biodegradable materials in 3D printing has gained attention due to its potential in addressing environmental concerns in the manufacturing industry. This paper aims to explore the current state of research and development in sustainable 3D printing using biodegradable materials. The research found that biodegradable materials, such as bioplastics, are being increasingly used in 3D printing as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional materials. Various types of biodegradable materials have been tested, including Polylactic Acid (PLA), cellulose-based materials, and starch-based materials. One of the main advantages of using biodegradable materials in 3D printing is its potential to reduce the carbon footprint of the production process. These materials are derived from renewable resources and have a lower environmental impact compared to non-biodegradable materials, such as petroleum-based plastics. However, the use of biodegradable materials in 3D printing also presents challenges, including limited availability and higher production costs, as well as the need for specific print settings and post-processing methods. Further research is needed to optimize the use of biodegradable materials in 3D printing and to develop new materials with improved properties. Collaboration between material scientists and 3D printing manufacturers is crucial to advancing sustainable 3D printing using biodegradable materials.

Unlocking the potential of polymer 3D printed electronics: Challenges and solutions

The field of 3D printed electronics has been rapidly growing in recent years, with the potential to revolutionize industries such as healthcare, aerospace, and consumer electronics. Polymer 3D printing has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating electronic devices due to its versatility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully unlock the potential of polymer 3D printed electronics. This research paper discusses the current state of the art in this field, highlighting the current challenges and proposing potential solutions. These challenges include material selection, design considerations, printing techniques, and post-processing methods. In addition, the paper explores the limitations of existing polymer materials and presents recent advances in the development of new functional materials for 3D printing. Furthermore, the integration of various components and multi-material printing techniques are also discussed as key factors in advancing the capabilities of 3D printed electronics. Finally, this paper provides insights and recommendations for future research directions in order to fully realize the potential of polymer 3D printed electronics.

Numerical Analysis of the Plantar Pressure Points during the Stance Phases for the Design of a 3D-Printable Patient-Specific Insole

The study of the phenomena occurring in the plantar region is remarkably intriguing, especially when performing a normal gait cycle where the foot is under loading conditions. The effects presented in the foot while walking provide relevant indicators regarding clinical means for enhancing regular performance or rehabilitation therapies. Nevertheless, more than traditional methods are needed to biomechanically evaluate foot structural conditions, leading to an incomplete database for determining the patient’s needs so that advanced methodologies provide detailed medical assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to employ technological engineering tools to optimize biomechanical plantar pressure evaluations to reach suitable personalized treatments. This research initially evaluated numerically the pressure points in the foot sole region in each one of the five stance phases in a normal gait cycle. Medical imaging techniques were utilized to construct an anatomically accurate biomodel of the soft tissues of the right foot. The Finite Element Method was employed to predict peak plantar pressure in barefoot conditions for all stance phases; results from this case study presented a close alignment with gait experimental testing implemented to analyze the feasibility and validation of all mechanical considerations for the numerical analyses. Hence, having a solid foundation in the biomechanical behavior from the first case study close estimates, a 3D-printable patient-specific insole was designed and numerically analyzed to observe the mechanical response in the plantar critical zones utilizing a personalized orthotic device. Results from the second case study notably demonstrated a crucial decrement in excessive pressure values. Employing morphological customization orthopedics modeling combined with 3D-printable materials is revolutionizing assistive device design and fabrication techniques. The fundamental contribution of this research relies on deepening the knowledge of foot biomechanics from an interdisciplinary approach by numerically analyzing pressure distribution in critical regions for all five stances phases; thus, based on the methods employed, the results obtained contribute to the advances of patient-specific foot orthopedics.

Static Behavior of a 3D-Printed Short Carbon Fiber Polyamide: Influence of the Meso-Structure and Water Content.

The knowledge of the mechanical behavior of a 3D-printed material is fundamental for the 3D printing outbreaking technology to be considered for a range of applications. In this framework, the significance, reliability, and accuracy of the information obtained by testing material coupons assumes a pivotal role. The present work focuses on an evaluation of the static mechanical properties and failure modes of a 3D-printed short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide in relation to the specimen's unique meso-structural morphology and water content. Within the manufacturing limitations of a commercially available printer, specimens of dedicated combinations of geometry and printing patterns were specifically conceived and tested. The specimens' meso-structure morphologies were investigated by micro-computed tomography. The material failure mechanisms were inferred from an analysis of the specimens' fracture surfaces and failure morphologies. The outcomes of the present analysis indicate that each test specimen retained proper mechanical properties, thereby suggesting that they should be accurately designed to deliver representative information of the underlying material beads or of their deposition layout. Suggestions on the adoption of preferred test specimens for evaluating specific material properties were proposed.

Recent development of photoresponsive materials toward 3D printing: From materials to application

AbstractThe rapid development of 3D printing has achieved considerable progress in architecture innovation, optical advancements, energy systems, dental care, pharmaceutical delivery, and personalized medical treatments. Nevertheless, the current technology of 3D printing is still limited to a single function. In recent years, the combination of photoresponsive materials and additive manufacturing has become a booming area for achieving intelligent photoresponsive 3D structures and stimulus‐responsive devices. By incorporating photoresponsive materials, 3D‐printed structures can change their shapes or colors under external stimuli. It is expected that the connection of photoresponsive materials and smart 3D printing will contribute to the development of adaptive camouflage, data retention, and molecular robotics. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current development of photoresponsive materials used in 3D printing, with an emphasis on photochromic materials, photodeformable materials, and photothermal materials. Additionally, the differences in the applications of these materials in 3D printing are compared. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives in the development of photoresponsive materials for additive manufacturing are also discussed.

Latest Implant Materials and Implant Coating Materials- A Narrative Review

Dental implant fittings are often made of a variety of materials. Titanium alloys, zirconium, PEEK, composite materials, 3D-printed materials, and biodegradable materials are a few of the most recent implant materials. A great deal of research is being done on implant surface coating materials, such as nanostructured materials and bioactive coatings, to improve the osseointegration of the implant with the bone.

Influence of Interface Type on Dynamic Deformation Behavior of 3D-Printed Heterogeneous Titanium Alloy Materials.

Using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar technique, strain-limited dynamic compressive loading experiments were performed on TA1/TA15 heterostructure (HS) materials. The plastic deformation mechanisms, fracture forms, and energy absorption properties of an HS material with a metallurgical bonding interface (MB) and an HS material without a metallurgical bonding interface (NMB) are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is no significant difference between the two deformation mechanisms. The fracture forms are all "V-shaped" fractures within the TA1 part. The NMB was carried for 57 μs before failure and absorbed 441 J/cm3 of energy. The MB was carried for 72 μs before failure and absorbed 495 J/cm3 of energy. Microstructure observations show that there is a coordinated deformation effect near the MB interface compared to the NMB, with both TA1 and TA15 near the interface carrying stresses. This causes an enhancement of the MB load-bearing time and a 12% increase in energy absorption.

Shear bond strength of ultraviolet-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials: Effects of post-polymerization, surface treatments, and thermocycling.

The purpose of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of ultraviolet (UV)-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials, both with and without post-polymerization. Moreover, the effects of surface treatment and thermocycling on shear bond strength after post-polymerization were investigated. Cylindrical 3D-printed denture bases and teeth specimens were prepared. The specimens are subjected to two tests. For Test 1, the specimens were bonded without any surface treatment or thermal stress for comparison with and without post-polymerization. In Test 2, specimens underwent five surface treatments: untreated (CON), ethyl acetate (EA), airborne particle abrasion (APA) with 50 μm (50-APA) and 110 μm alumina (110-APA), and tribochemical silica coating (TSC). A UV-polymerized resin was used for bonding. Half of the Test 2 specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles. Shear bond strength was measured and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests (n = 8). In Test 1, post-polymerization significantly reduced shear bond strength of both 3D-printed denture materials (P < 0.05). No notable difference was observed between the denture teeth and the bases (P > 0.05). In Test 2, before thermocycling, the CON and EA groups exhibited low bond strengths, while the 50-APA, 110-APA, and TSC groups exhibited higher bond strengths. Thermocycling did not reduce bond strength in the latter groups, but significantly reduced bond strength in the EA group (P < 0.001). Post-polymerization can significantly reduce the shear bond strength of 3D-printed denture materials. Surface treatments, particularly APA and TSC, maintained bond strength even after thermocycling.