Discourse Analysis Of Materials Research Articles

Exu-feminina: sentido e erotismo em Maria Padilha de Bixarte

ABSTRACT In this research, adopting a qualitative and descriptive approach, the aim is to investigate the possible meaning’s effect associated with the image of Female-Exu using the theoretical framework of Materialist Discourse Analysis. The mythologies surrounding this entity are linked to her power at crossroads and her potential to open paths, providing her followers new ways of understanding life. Additionally, the image of this entity updates meanings related to eroticism. Considering the hegemony of Christian ideologies, the representation of the Female-Exu leads to interpretations other than those which associate the erotic with sin. Therefore, unlike the Christian ideology, such as the image of the devil and/or satan, in addition to negative/pejorative erotic aspects associated with the entity by non-Candomblé and Umbanda practitioners, the research proposal is also to investigate possible erotic meanings in the lyrics “Maria Padilha” by Bixarte.

THE DISCOURSE ABOUT THE INDIGENOUS: DISCURSIVE ANALYSIS OF POSTS AND COMMENTS ON FACEBOOK IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC IN IPIXUNA-AM

This work falls within the field of Materialist Discourse Analysis (AD) and its general objective is to analyze posts and comments made on the social network Facebook about the Kulina indigenous people of the municipality of Ipixuna-AM, during the Covid-19 pandemic, more specifically in the period in which the first cases of the disease were recorded in that municipality, in order to identify which discourses are materialized in these texts and the effects of meanings produced there on the aforementioned subjects. To this end, we consider it necessary to describe the conditions of discursive production of these texts, in addition to verifying the subject positions assumed there, with the aim of identifying which discourses appear in the significant materiality of the texts, that is, in the posts and comments published on Facebook. With a view to achieving these objectives, we present the theoretical bases of AD, based on Pêcheux (2009), Althusser (1974), Orlandi (2013) and others, concerning the concepts of language, ideology, subject, discourse, among others, such as are understood in the theory of materialist discourse. We also present the analysis procedures, a brief historical contextualization of the space and the research subjects and finally we undertake the analysis itself, which pointed out the prominent presence of a discourse in the analyzed speeches: the discourse about the indigenous from the colonizer's perspective , responsible for an official version of Brazil's history that has been told and reproduced discursively. These traditional narratives told by official History about the historical presence of indigenous people in Brazil contribute to the maintenance of this calcified imaginary about them and which came to the surface in the texts analyzed here.

Symbolic representations in dispute: The hate speech in Brazilian political advertising

This study aims to examine the authoritarian discourse embodied in political advertisements, focusing on the dissemination of hatred and attacks on opponents. We aim to understand the use of advertising as a resource that provides a space for the clash of imaginary formations and the effects of meaning that these clashes promote. This research is anchored in the theoretical proposal of materialist discourse analysis, focusing on the notions of imaginary formation (Pêcheux, 2014a and 2014b); (Orlandi, 2015) and authoritarian discourse (Orlandi, 2011), in addition to the concepts of culture industry (Adorno & Horkheimer, 1985), imaginary superindustry (Bucci, 2021) and excited society (Türcke, 2010). The adopted methodology is qualitative and part of an interpretive and reflective process in which the corpus of analysis consists of discourses that circulate on social media through advertisements that construct controlled symbolic representations. The analyses reveal that a dispute scenario that undermines mediations has arisen in Brazil, establishing a process of the interdiction of the other in the constitution of subjectivities and resulting in symbolic violence of the order of the imaginary.

‘Money Probably Has Something to Do with My Life’: Discourse and Materiality in the Working Lives of Start-Up Entrepreneurs

This article contributes to an understanding of work-intensive entrepreneurial lives as part of analysing the intensification of work in society. It offers an empirical extension of Foucauldian analyses, which attribute commitment to work to the influence of neoliberal enterprise discourse while often neglecting the material conditions of entrepreneurial work. The article draws on moderate constructionism and materialist discourse analysis to offer an account that pays attention to discourse and material realities. This ethnographic study shows how participants evoked norms of enterprise discourse to explain their commitment to work. However, they also understood these norms to be fundamentally shaped by their material conditions. The major contribution of the article is to show that the interpenetration of discursive norms with the investment logic of enterprise tends to displace boundaries between work and personal life and shift temporal arrangements of work from work–life ‘balance’ to prospects of free time in the imagined future.

Emotions and securitisation: a new materialist discourse analysis

In this article, I explore how pride as a collective emotion is ontologically bound to the securitisation of energy and put forward an innovative method that engages materiality and discourse in securitisation theory. I examine the case of energy securitisation in Azerbaijan to show that collective pride is anchored to materialisations and reiterative identity discourses that stick to energy sites and align with the nation in ways that fit with the coercive and controlling nature of securitisation. While the existing literature on emotions and securitisation engages with the process of threat construction and focuses on the audience’s affective experience, I approach securitisation as threat construction and threat management and locate the affective dimension of the process in a transversal space that considers the affective experience of the audience alongside that of the securitising actor. This article pays considerable attention to methods and introduces an experimental new materialist discourse analysis, which accounts for the material, affective and non-human world exerting an agential force on the texts.

Entre fakes e fatos: efeito Pinóquio no discurso mobilizado pelo presidente Bolsonaro na ONU

In this work, we promote a discursive analysis of a political cartoon accessed on September 27, 2021 from the political humor website, which makes reference to the speech mobilized by President Bolsonaro at the UN. For this, we also analyzed three statements methodolody that the president made at the UN, containing Fake News, which were released on September 21/2021, by the G1 website. Thus, through the theoretical and methodological conceptions of Materialist Discourse Analysis, through a Pecheutian approach, we try to analyze the subject-position, the interdiscourse and the discursive and imaginary formations that, inscribed in the constitutive historicity, that allow us to observe how President Bolsonaro distances himself from the facts and comes close to untruths to circulate Fake News in front of the international community, mobilizing in this way meaning effects of the character known as Pinocchio and that was created by the author Carlo Collodi, a character who became known for the proliferation of lies. For this purpose, we base our studies on Pêcheux (1969; 1999; 1997; 1993), in France, Orlandi (2012; 2007; 2006; 2000; 2001; 2003; 2005; 1987)in Brazil and other scholars, to promote this gesture of reading and interpretation and how the speech mobilized by President Bolsonaro works full of lies, producing displacements, as a unit of meaning in relation to the current situation in Brazil.

O feminino no discurso policial militar: da “ordem unida” ao “espírito de corpo”

In this article we seek to reflect on the ways in which the female body was represented and constructed in the military police discourse. The corpuschosen for this analysis was an article published in the newspaper “A Tarde” in 1990, which portrayed the training of the first women to join the ranks of the Military Police of Bahia (PMBA) at its beginning. We employ materialist discourse analysis (DA) along the lines of Michel Pêcheux as a theoretical and methodological contribution. We reflect, therefore, on the ways in which the female body was rendered discursive, based on norms, rules and military police aesthetics. We therefore highlight, through discursive memory, the role of historicity and the concept of subjecting the subject, crossed by language and history and questioned by ideology. The bodies of women joining that Corporation were shaped through the incorporation of military values and interdictions, establishing “what could or could not be said” by public security agents.

Protest Reactions to Contemporary Art Exhibitions: Origins and Symbols of Public Ressentiment

This article examines the peculiarities of protests against the offensive content of artworks in the context of one of the most significant discoveries of modern society, the public sphere and its historical transformations. Art is one of the most sensitive indicators of the state of values and symbols, which makes it vulnerable, forming a space for various protests. A distinction is made between conflicts around art that have an etiology within the enlightenment paradigm and modern types of conflicts, in which the accusation that art offends the public and social groups dominates. The initiative for protests in modern culture comes from a public that perceives art in contrast to the previous dominant powers. The discourse of offence lies at the centre of art-related conflict, since the content of protest is heavily loaded with symbolic connotations (ethical, religious, political, ethnic, etc.). The authors analyse offense and its genesis in the modern. It is argued that the source of ressentiment is not within art, but outside it, in the public sphere, while the work is perceived as a medium or symbol of this source. In order to provide a systematic description of protests against art, the authors propose the concept of ressentiment as a mental and value attitude (M. Scheler), in which emphasis is placed on the significance of the long-term attitude that results from the repression of affects. Due to the inhibition of the response impulse, the reaction is transferred to another object. This explains the displacement of the negative reaction from the real cause of suffering to objects of a symbolic nature, in this case to the world of art. Based on the phases of development of ressentiment and its structural elements (themes, social environment, actors) identified by Ch. Pak and using discourse analysis of materials from the public sphere (media, social networks), a case study was examined: an exhibition by the photographer Jock Sturges, Absence of Shame (Moscow) in 2016–2017. It is proved that the motivator of the protest was not the exhibition itself, but the content of the blogger’s posts, the discourse around it, and other ways of representing the biography and oeuvre of the photographer in the public sphere. It is shown that ressentiment as an attitude is formed from the outside and seeks material for its establishment in the outside world. For the formation of a conflict, a preliminary formulation of the discourse of offence is necessary: further dissemination by public groups can consolidate affects and turn them into actions. Provocative art, which violates the boundaries of aesthetic conventions of the art field, risks becoming an object of substituted protest when entering the public sphere.

State identity narratives and threat construction in the Horn of Africa: revisiting Ethiopia's 2006 intervention in Somalia

ABSTRACT The Ethiopian military intervention to remove the Union of Islamic Courts from Mogadishu in December 2006 has been interpreted in overlapping narratives of historical-religious conflict between Ethiopia and Somalia, proxy war with Eritrea, and counter-terrorism. This article adds another: the Ethiopian government's own dominant narrative of danger at the time. Based on a discourse analysis of materials generated during a year of fieldwork in Addis Ababa, the article explores how Ethiopia's political leadership constructed developments in Somalia as an existential threat to the Ethiopian state. It argues that the language and actions of specific actors were presented as threatening the idea of the post-1991 Ethiopian state and, more specifically, the foundational narrative with which the EPRDF-led Ethiopian government sought ontological security for Ethiopia as a distinct political community and international actor. By focusing on the relationship between processes of collective identity formation and perceptions of (in)security, this article highlights the role of state identity narratives for understanding evolving threat perceptions and their political implications in the Horn of Africa.

O messias que não faz milagre: notas sobre a ideologia da destruição

O presente estudo, fundamentado nos pressupostos teórico-analíticos da Análise de Discurso Materialista, tem o objetivo de compreender o funcionamento discursivo de dois enunciados formulados por Jair Messias Bolsonaro quando se refere a duas tragédias nacionais: em setembro de 2018, com o incêndio do Museu Nacional, e em abril de 2020, com o crescente número de mortos pela Covid-19 no Brasil. A análise é justificada por se observar uma mesma estrutura sintático-semântico nas formulações, que são organizadas, segundo nosso gesto interpretativo, em quatro posições. Com a descrição e a interpretação das duas sequências, é possível afirmar que, a partir dos enunciados, há a reprodução de saberes organizados por uma formação discursiva neoliberal, que reproduz, pela posição-sujeito com a qual o sujeito-enunciador se identifica, o que estamos designando como ideologia da destruição. Para o desenvolvimento da análise, considerando a emergência do significante “messias” nas duas sequências, ditas em momentos diferentes, mobilizamos a noção de pré-construído e, também, partimos de uma teorização de Mariani (2014) sobre o nome próprio.

“Lembrar é resistir”(?): Discursos sobre o regime militar em disputa

Inscrito no quadro teórico-metodológico da análise de discurso de base materialista, que se desenvolve a partir das proposições de Michel Pêcheux, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar discursivamente sentidos em curso para o regime militar no Brasil, em diferentes materializações no espaço urbano. Com foco nas tensões e contradições que inscrevem tais discursos na cidade, em nossa conjuntura sócio-histórica, traz para análise um corpus constituído pelo vídeo institucional disponível no site do Memorial da Resistência, em São Paulo, e flagrantes urbanos de cartazes que fazem apologia à ditadura e aos métodos de tortura e morte por ela empregados no Brasil. As análises realizadas possibilitam vislumbrar a contradição entre os discursos de resistência, que ganham o espaço do Memorial, e o discurso cínico e(m) gestos de violência, flagrado no espaço urbano. Tais flagrantes apontam para a necessidade de questionamento das evidências de sentidos, de modo a fazer da lembrança um gesto de resistência.

Marginal Community and Their White Kebaya: Penghayat Sapta Darma and the Purity Discourse in Jakarta

Penghayat is often marginalized with heretical and syncretic stigma. However, the negative stigma is not true for them. They believe their “religion” is pure and not a splinter from any religion. It represented by their Kebaya. The existing literature or previous studies on the Kebaya of Penghayat is limited. Therefore, this study specifically aimed to discuss their Kebaya, with case the Sapta Darma community in Jakarta. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach, through an interview, observation, and literature study techniques. Then in data analysis tend to use interpretive symbolic and discourse analysis of material. This study found that the material (Kebaya) is an important part in disclosing identity to "religion". The white Kebaya symbols as a narrative to represent positive connotations, then share with others to build strong image in their problems of negative stigma. By taking narratives of activist and dynamic in landscape, geography, history and mobility, this paper shows the significance of using of the material, the meanings and the discourse in social interaction of religious group in survive their ritual practice.

Museu, para quê?

Neste artigo, toma-se como objeto o Museu do Homem Americano, enquanto instituição ligada à circulação de saberes sobre sujeitos que (se) significam a (na) povoação nas/das Américas, em sua relação com o Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara. A análise que se apresenta tem como base as sequências discursivas presentes no site da Fumdham (Fundação Museu do Homem Americano) sobre o Museu e as anotações de campo efetuadas pela analista durante as visitas feitas ao local, entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. A partir da perspectiva da Análise de Discurso Materialista, compreende-se o Museu enquanto prática de significação (ORLANDI, 2014), em sua relação com a história, a memória, o sujeito e os sentidos.

Cheiro e alguns ascos

Este trabalho coloca no centro do debate o estatuto analítico-discursivo do cheiro. É no filme Parasita, objeto de estudo escolhido para este artigo, que a questão se desenvolve. Procuro demonstrar que, com os procedimentos da Análise de Discurso materialista, é possível pôr à escuta o funcionamento do cheiro na imbricação material com o corpo, o espaço, a língua e o gesto. Nesse processo, o diálogo com a obra literária A Metamorfose, de Franz Kafka, torna-se produtivo, na medida em que coloca em causa relações simbólicas capazes de capturar os sujeitos em rupturas, ausências e humilhações.

Contribuição da História das Ideias Linguísticas e da Análise de Discurso para o estudo sobre educação escolar indígena no Brasil

Este artigo tem por objetivo expor o processo de articulação teórico-metodológica entre a História das Ideias Linguísticas (HIL) e a Análise de Discurso Materialista (AD), que tem sido realizado por nós em pesquisas relacionadas às políticas linguísticas da Educação Escolar Indígena no Brasil. Trata-se, pois, de demonstrar os procedimentos de pesquisa utilizados e, nesse percurso, trazer exemplificações com base no objeto supra referido. Além disso, pretendemos discutir sobre a noção de política linguística a partir de uma perspectiva materialista, concebendo-a enquanto prática sócio-política e dialética relacionada com os processos ideológicos e diferindo-a de uma concepção sociologista.

Periferia: um lugar para a identidade no discurso de jornalistas

“Periferia em movimento”, “Nós, mulheres da Periferia” e “Vozes” são exemplos de iniciativas jornalística que delimitam seu campo específico de atuação em áreas da cidade de São Paulo, que podem ser denominadas genericamente de “periferias”. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o discurso instaurado por estes arranjos econômicos alternativos às corporações de mídia e manifesto em entrevistas realizadas com representantes dessas iniciativas. Como resultado das análises, depreende-se que a constituição de uma identidade de jornalista da periferia é determinante para sua formulação discursiva e para legitimação de um discurso distinto em relação à mídia hegemônica.

Deslizamentos de sentido da palavra “mulher” em políticas públicas sobre violência doméstica

Neste artigo, à luz do referencial teórico da Análise do Discurso materialista, objetivamos analisar a cartilha “Mulher, vire a página…”, publicada pelo Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, em 2016. A partir da emergência de políticas públicas voltadas para a violência doméstica em nossa sociedade, é relevante pensar sobre como essas políticas públicas produzem sentidos sobre violência de gênero e sobre como elas evidenciam um modo de funcionamento da ordem social. Nossa análise se detém nos deslizamentos da palavra “mulher”, que ora ocupa o espaço de endereçamento, ora ocupa o espaço de discurso sobre. Além disso, mobilizamos o conceito de condições de produção (ORLANDI, 2010) para refletir sobre como formulações anteriores sobre violência doméstica são retomadas no discurso, e o de formações imaginárias, como proposto por Pêcheux (1997a), para pensar sobre a representação do lugar social da mulher na cartilha, partindo de um entendimento de que o gênero está inscrito no jogo das formações imaginárias e das relações de força materializadas na língua. Compreendemos que essas relações de força estão em constante transformação no motor da história, de modo que observamos deslizamentos de sentidos historicamente estabilizados sobre mulheres e violência doméstica.

Bodies, violence, silencing: The transgenderity discourse

By reflecting upon the discourse production conditions, the imagination of/on trans individuals and the temporal landmark of the 2018 elections in Brazil, I aim to analyze the relationship between silencing and resistance of/to the trans body in the virtual space. To this end, I selected two pieces of news posted on digital media, one about the play O Evangelho Segundo Jesus, Rainha do Céu[free translation: The Gospel According to Jesus, Queen of Heaven], which was interdicted in the Winter Festival of Garanhuns, State of Pernambuco, and the other about a ‘travesti’ murder in Sao Paulo. I analyzed these pieces to understand the dispute of meanings involving the trans corporeality based on the theoretical framework provided by the Materialist Discourse Analysis. Complementarily, I analyzed the comments on the news, as this is a space where the individuals, under the illusion that everything can be said, produce discourses in tune with the trans cause or hate discourses that delegitimize, make silent and displace meanings about such bodies.

Relações entre sujeitos em Campina do Monte Alegre após a implantação da UFSCar

Apoiado na Análise de Discurso de cunho materialista na interface com autores como Freud e Derrida, este artigo contribui com os estudos sobre as relações discursivas engendradas no espaço da cidade, buscando compreender como antigos e novos moradores representam a cidade a partir da implantação da UFSCar Lagoa do Sino. Com base no pressuposto de que a cidade é um lugar material no qual processos discursivos são produzidos, formula-se a hipótese de que, de um lado, há uma divisão imaginária entre cidade e seus antigos habitantes e, de outro, universidade e novos moradores, resultando em gestos de hostilidade e repulsa entre os sujeitos. O corpus é constituído de quatro entrevistas feitas com dois moradores antigos e dois recém-moradores. Como resultado, apesar de existir uma tentativa de segregação, há brechas para possíveis mudanças de posição, o que permite um espaço de convívio e de relações entre eu-outro na cidade.

Gestures in the speech-language pathology clinic: a study in the light of the materialist discourse analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: this study aimed to investigate gestures in the speech-language pathology clinic and the dominant ideology in the light of the Materialist Discourse Analysis. Methods: twelve speech-language pathologists who work in different clinical fields were interviewed to investigate the main discursive thread supporting their discourse. These semi-open interviews were recorded and the discursive data were later transcribed. Fragments were extracted and analyzed from the above mentioned perspective. Results: the analysis shows that the conducting thread of the therapists’ discourse is the positivist ideology of Science, which fragments the subjects, body and language allocating speech and gesture in a hierarchy system where gesture is subordinated to the former. The language materiality shows an unconscious identification of the therapists with the signifier “Fono-Speech, Audio-Audio, Logia-Study” (Fonoaudiologia, or Speech-language Pathology in Portuguese), since the return of speech and their professional identity is brought up. From this perspective, there are formations that challenge the dominant ideology welcoming gesture as an important tool in the clinic, both in evaluation and treatment. Conclusion: the dominant ideological belief shows a hierarchical and historical association between speech and gesture that excludes gesture of the speech-language pathology clinic as it represents a threat to the speech status and the identity of this professional.