Master Work Research Articles

Phonological typology by Matthew K. Gordon

Reviewed by: Phonological typology by Matthew K. Gordon Paul V. de Lacy Phonological typology. By Matthew K. Gordon. (Oxford surveys in phonology and phonetics.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. ix, 363. ISBN 9780199669011. $50. Gordon’s Phonological typology (PT) is a survey of the crosslinguistic variation found in selected phonological phenomena. There is an emphasis throughout on explaining such variation, resulting in a book that is highly theoretically informed. There are also many discussions of within-language frequency of phonological categories—something rarely found in work of this type. Overall, PT is a masterful work, written by a highly qualified author: G has many publications in theoretical phonology and has presented extensive typological research as evidence for his theories. It is important to say what PT is not. It does not propose any new theories, and it is not a textbook. PT is also not a handbook—it does not provide deep exploration of individual topics. Instead, PT bridges the gap between a textbook and a handbook: it provides an overview of topics and serves as a jumping-off point for deeper study in either handbooks or original sources. Accordingly, much of the book presupposes a strong foundation in phonological theory, so undergraduates would find it very difficult, if not impossible, to understand the discussions without help. While it is a survey, PT is not merely a catalogue of generalizations. There is continual emphasis on explanation, and on the many sources of explanation for typological asymmetries, with an excellent overview in Ch. 2. PT presents constant reminders that theories play a necessary role in typological exploration. PT also has a social goal: to encourage better communication between typologists and theoretical phonologists. Over the past three decades, a great deal of work in theoretical phonology has involved typological research, often driven by predictions of proposals expressed in optimality theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 2004). At the same time, phonology has been less prominent among typologists, leading to what G calls ‘the impoverished position of phonology in typology’ (5; see also Hyman 2007). PT provides a way for typologists to gain quick insight into the crosslinguistic variation of many phonological phenomena, as well as to understand theoreticians’ motivations for their typological work. In a sense, PT is a theoretician reaching out to typologists. To a lesser extent, it also encourages theoreticians to take note of work in typology; PT discusses many databases and descriptions that will help inform theoretical work. By contrast, PT does not provide extensive discussion of the methods used by typologists in their work—not even on such basic issues as how to provide a balanced sample of languages in a typology, and how such balancing might be relevant to theoreticians. So, while PT is a bridge between typologists and theoreticians, it is mainly one-way. I believe PT will be at its most useful in advanced undergraduate phonology classes and introductory graduate courses. The chapters cover syllables, segmental processes, stress, tone and intonation, [End Page 481] and prosodic morphology. All presuppose familiarity with fundamental phonological concepts; some basic information is provided, but it is rather telegraphic (e.g. the one-page introduction to the syllable: pp. 83–84). In other words, students should be provided with a strong understanding of the syllable before tackling PT’s ‘syllable’ chapter, and the same advice applies for every other chapter in the book. Each chapter is fairly self-contained, and so chapters could be profitably assigned as individual readings. For the student, the value of each chapter is that it provides a high-level overview of broad topics, but with enough depth to identify interesting aspects, and adequate references to launch the student toward deeper exploration. A great strength of the book is its focus on within-language frequency. For example, there is discussion of the within-language relative frequency of short vs. long vowels, singleton vs. geminate consonants, geminate consonants of various manners of articulation, syllable types, and many others (52ff.). It is rare to see such within-language relative frequencies discussed, even though—as G notes—they often follow the same patterns as found crosslinguistically. Any survey faces a basic conundrum: breadth or depth? In terms of...

Inheritance from Mother by Juliet Winters Carpenter

with a revelation about his own personal history, it is not Erpenbeck’s diffident protagonist that makes the lasting impression. Instead, the reader is left with the cold fury of her polemic against Germany and the European Union’s bureaucratic response to this humanitarian crisis, their willingness to allow people who have “survived the passage across a real-life sea” to “drown in rivers and oceans of paper.” In the United States where the Supreme Court has partially upheld the Trump administration’s travel ban and border patrols raid aid shelters for migrants, readers may be surprised by this excoriation of Germany’s relatively generous immigration policies. Yet Go, Went, Gone reminds us that it is the mission of art to engage our imaginative empathy and hold the status quo to a higher account. Robert Lemon University of Oklahoma Robert Lemon, an associate professor of German, joined the department of Modern Languages, Literatures, & Linguistics at the University of Oklahoma in 2005. His research focuses on turn-of-thecentury Austria, orientalist fiction, and the works of Franz Kafka. Fiction Minae Mizumura. Inheritance from Mother. Trans. Juliet Winters Carpenter. New York. Other Press. 2017 (© 2016). 446 pages. This novel, originally published serially in Japan’s largest newspaper, begins with two middle-aged Japanese sisters discussing the money left behind by their recently deceased mother. “How much do we get back from [the nursing home]?” sister Natsuki asks. And, “What’ll you use the money for?” the other queries. Following this cold open, Minae Mizumura takes up a familiar scenario in modern-day Japan: a fiftysomething woman—in this case, Mitsuki Katsuura, who works part-time as a college language instructor—becomes caretaker for her dying mother. Mitsuki hasn’t yet forgiven the capricious and demanding Noriko for shoving her father into a nursing home and abandoning him in order to carry on with a seedy voice teacher. Nor has she forgotten that in childhood her elder sister, Natsuki, was her mother’s favorite. Nevertheless, duty calls. While dealing with her own failing health and the shock of learning about her husband’s latest lover, she gives in to her mother’s every whim. In the second part of the novel, Mitsuki holes up at an exclusive resort in Hakone she’d once visited with her mother to decide what to do about her unfaithful husband. In spite of the novel’s serious and somewhat mundane themes, a sense of mischief pervades. Mizumura manages to weave in a history of modern Japanese literature, along with echoes of Camus and Flaubert. Sly, and sometimes self-referential, she mentions The Golden Demon, Japan’s first serial novel, which was in fact based upon an American dime-store novel; Wuthering Heights, the basis of her own novel, A True Novel; and Natsume Sōseki’s unfinished serial, Light and Darkness, which she attempted to complete . “She herself was the offspring of a serial novel,” Mitsuki observes at one point. In Japan, Mizumura is known to be a stylistically innovative writer. Both the author and her frequent translator, Juliet Winters Carpenter, have commented upon the difficulty of rendering her experiments into English. It is no doubt in great part thanks to Carpenter, then, that this novel reads so effortlessly. Perhaps Mizumura’s most audacious act in writing this story was to make her main character a relatively ordinary middle-aged woman. Toward the end, Mizumura writes, “In the eyes of society , she, Mitsuki, hardly existed. At her age, she wouldn’t even make a good heroine in a novel.” Au contraire. An Inheritance from Mother is a masterful work with the power to endure. Suzanne Kamata Tokushima, Japan Antonio Tabucchi. For Isabel: A Mandala. Trans. Elizabeth Harris. Brooklyn. Archipelago Books. 2017. 144 pages. A mandala is the product of an integrated art; a mandala is made to map the cosmos. But the cosmos comes in many shapes and sizes. Antonio Tabucchi, in his justificatory note about writing For Isabel, recalls a monk who, by sprinkling colored powder on stone, made a mandala of human consciousness . Jung has it that a mandala is “the Self, the wholeness of the personality, which . . . is harmonious.” But what do we have...

The Attribution of Works of Russian Stonecutting Factories: Object, Design, and Issues of Authorship in the Context of Cross-Cultural Exchange

This article focuses on the study of the decorative and applied art of the 19 th century — the issue of attribution of authorship in the conditions of borrowing and transfer of taste, active cross-cultural contacts, the cosmopolitan art of the neostyle period, and the establishment of the industrial reproduction of decorative objects based on the principle of replication of a sample. This paper considers a specific source of borrowing (L’art industriel, an engraved album of Leon Feuchère’s drawings, 1839) and the interpretation of three samples from this illustrated edition by Russian masters of stonecutting of the second half of the 19 th century. The authors compare the approach towards the original in the works of the Malachite factory of the Demidov family (1847–1851) and the Imperial Kolyvan Polishing Factory, carried out in the 1870s according to the designs of Ivan A. Zlobin. The pieces of art analysed in this article are kept in the Royal Collection of Great Britain (for the first time in history, the authors provide information about two works of Russian masters in the collection), in the Mineralogical Museum of Alexander E. Fersman of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), and Hotêl de Ville (Paris). Additionally, the authors consider sources from the library of Institut national de l’histoire de l’art (Paris, Doucet collection) and the collection of the Ministry of the Imperial Court of the Russian State Historical Archive (St Petersburg). Having analysed the aforementioned sources and compared them with graphic prototypes, the authors conclude that it is necessary to complete the existing attribution of the authors of stonecutting works with data about the original artworks. Referring to particular examples, the authors prove that it is impossible to only rely on a narrowly national approach to the history of Russian stonecutting art and that this art should be studied in the European context.

"Matisse/Diebenkorn" At the Baltimore Museum of Art

"Matisse/Diebenkorn" At the Baltimore Museum of Art Karen Wilkin (bio) As Pablo Picasso supposedly said, "Good artists copy; great artists steal." Whether he said it or not, the observation seems to account for his complex relationship with the painters he revered or felt threatened by, a list that includes Eugène Delacroix, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, and Diego Velázquez, among others, artists whose most celebrated images served Picasso as a springboard for reinvention, improvisation, and even parody. These days, it's probably necessary to say that Picasso's neat phrase has nothing to do with postmodernism's irony-laced appropriation, which treats the entire history of art as a grab bag from which things can be claimed randomly, to be replicated at will. Instead, the aphorism is a shorthand reminder that art is usually about—among many other things—other art. (The polymath critic/art historian/novelist André Malraux even maintained that artists become artists because they are more impressed, at a formative age, by works of art than by the actuality those works refer to.) For centuries, the efforts of even the most original, inventive painters and sculptors, including Picasso himself, signaled, deliberately or in spite of themselves, their admiration for other artists or revealed how much they had learned from their chosen ancestors. Sometimes the connection is easily recognizable; think of Edouard Manet's repeated versions of the execution of Maximilian I—intensely personal paintings, utterly characteristic of their author, but obviously filtered through his reverence for Francisco Goya's The Third of May, 1808. Sometimes, the work that served as a trigger persists as an overtone, evidence of a fruitful affinity that provides testimony to how [End Page 568] artists look at art not of their own making. The hovering, transparent planes of Picasso's and Georges Braque's Cubist still lifes, for example, have their origins in Paul Cézanne's translation of his perceptions into disjunctive touches of paint, just as Helen Frankenthaler's fluid pools and stains of radiant color are departures from Jackson Pollock's pours. Both the unstable planes and the spreading floods offer hints of what Picasso and Braque gleaned from Cézanne and what Frankenthaler saw in Pollock. If we pay attention to these revelations, we can end up considering the work of both the generating artists and the painters or sculptors they influenced in new ways. Case in point: the recent exhibition "Matisse/Diebenkorn," seen at the Baltimore Museum of Art and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, which focused on the varied responses, from the early 1950s through 1980, of an aesthetically ambitious American artist to the work of the French modernist master of eloquent, space-evoking shape and color. After seeing the show, we might forever think differently about both of its protagonists. An impressive selection of paintings and works on paper allowed us to discover similarities, connections, and differences between the works of the two men. The conversation was, of necessity, one sided. Henri Matisse (1869–1954) was almost certainly unaware of the work of the San Francisco-based Richard Diebenkorn (1922–1993), so the exhibition was essentially an attempt to see Matisse through Diebenkorn's eyes. We were encouraged to speculate about the possible sources of compositions and color relationships that, in another context, would have seemed wholly characteristic of Diebenkorn, which raised interesting questions. Were the connections we noted conscious homage or straightforward efforts to understand Matisse's achievement through emulation? Were they inadvertent signs of deep affinity and admiration? Did Matisse's example simply give his American "disciple" permission to explore a particular direction? Or was it all of the above? That Diebenkorn found Matisse's art especially stimulating has always been evident to anyone who looked attentively at his work, but [End Page 569] the relationship was made explicit by the exhibition's thoughtful selection of both artists' paintings and works on paper. In the installation at the Baltimore Museum of Art, Diebenkorn's scrupulous attention to Matisse was manifest, but so was his individuality. Seen together with a group of Matisse's searching, layered charcoal drawings of the figure, the generous, incisive strokes and pools of wash with...

A Fair Lady Takes on “Maistre Allain”: Anne de Graville’s Belle Dame sans mercy

Anne Malet de Graville, a well-educated noblewoman from a family of bibliophiles with close connections to the crown, served as a lady in waiting at the intimate and austere court of Queen Claude I of France. Claude cultivated the virtuous accomplishments of her ladies, and de Graville appears to have been a favored companion of the queen, for whom she composed two literary works, each based upon the work of a prestigious medieval master. One was a translation and adaptation of Boccaccio’s epic romance, Teseida, and the other, the focal point of the present article, a rewriting of La Belle Dame sans mercy (LBDSM), perhaps the best-known work of the so-called “père de l’éloquence française,” the royal secretary, diplomat, and author, Alain Chartier.

Assessing Energy Consumption and Runtime Efficiency of Master Worker Parallel Evolutionary Algorithms in CPU-GPU Systems

Thanks to parallel processing, it is possible not only to reduce code runtime but also energy consumption once the workload has been adequately distributed among the available cores. The current availability of heterogeneous architectures including GPU and CPU cores with different power-performance characteristics and mechanisms for dynamic voltage and frequency scaling does, in fact, pose a new challenge for developing efficient parallel codes that take into account both the achieved speedup and the energy consumed. This paper analyses the energy consumption and runtime behavior of a parallel master-worker evolutionary algorithm according to the workload distribution between GPU and CPU cores and their operation frequencies. It also proposes a model that has been fitted using multiple linear regression and which enables a workload distribution that considers both runtime and energy consumption by means of a cost function that suitably weights both objectives. Since many useful bioinformatics and data mining applications are tackled by programs with a similar profile to that of the parallel master-worker procedure considered here, the proposed energy-aware approach could be applied in many different situations.

La creatividad que se experiencia

En ocasiones se representa la creatividad como un factor enigmático que explica la emergencia espontánea de lo radicalmente nuevo. La obsesión con la novedad supone, sin embargo, un enfoque hacia los productos finales y una atribución retrospectiva de sus formas a ideas sin precedentes surgidas en la mente de los individuos. Esta obsesión impide reconocer el potencial de generación formal de las relaciones y procesos en los que cosas y personas se hacen y crecen. En estos procesos lo característico sería pedir a los practicantes que copien las obras de maestros pasados. Sin embargo, a pesar de dejarse llevar por un guión o partitura, cada individuo ha de improvisar su propio camino a través de la variedad de tareas que supone cualquier práctica. Con ejemplos extraídos de los ámbitos de la música, la caligrafía y el encaje de bolillos, muestro que las fuentes de creatividad no residen en las cabezas de los individuos, sino en su atender a un mundo en constante formación. Para este tipo de creatividad, experienciada en lugar de hecha, la imaginación no consiste tanto en la capacidad de topar con nuevas ideas como en el impulso aspiracional de una vida que no es únicamente vivida, sino también guiada. Pero su destino aún no está fijado. Al abrirse a lo desconocido, al resultar expuesta, la imaginación no guía a través de la maestría, sino de la entrega. Por tanto la creatividad que se experiencia, la de acción sin agencia, es la de la vida misma.

Ein Fund in der Museumssammlung. Ein Heiliger Jakobus aus Kalkstein in der Sammlung behauener Steine des Tallinner (Revaler) Stadtmuseums

The Collection of Ashlars at the Tallinn City Museum includes a sculpture that stands 52.5 cm tall and is hewn from Lasnamägi limestone (Abb. 1). It depicts a slender man in a long robe, with a staff and travel bag around his neck. The statue has been seriously damaged. In addition to the broken front, its head is also missing – all that has survived is part of its beard. The goal of the article is to more closely examine the sculpture, which has not received any attention to date, in order to determine who it depicts, where it could be been located, and examine the surviving traces of paint. The primary motivation for writing the article is the fact that very few medieval three-dimensional stone sculptures have survived in Estonia. Also, this figure has not been dealt with or even mentioned in earlier writings. It can be said that, regardless of the damage it has suffered, the sculpture is complete enough to determine who is depicted. As stated above, the man has a walking stick or staff in his right hand and, based on the surviving fragments, a book in his right hand. On the partially surviving bag, we see the image of a scallop (Abb. 2). The staff and scallop tell us that this is a figure of St James. The sculpture is gothic in style, and based thereon, it can be dated back to the 15th or early 16th century. The sculptural material – Lasnamägi limestone – arouses attention. Where was this sculpture to be placed? We cannot dismiss the fact that the figure of the saint comes from a sacral building, but there could also have been saints in residential buildings, for example, on exterior facades or somewhere indoors. In summary, one must admit that the original location of the sculpture can only be speculated upon and definite answers are not possible. However, what is certain is that this is the work of a skilled master. Regardless of the fact that Lasnamägi limestone is not the best sculptural material, the work is finely hewn and well-proportioned. The sculpture is now on display in the new Estonian National Museum building.

Foundations of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: The Bumpy Road to Specialization

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ReviewsFull AccessFoundations of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: The Bumpy Road to SpecializationMelissa Bui, M.D.Melissa BuiSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:1 Dec 2016https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.671201AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail by Don R. Lipsitt; New York, Taylor and Francis, 2016, 314 pagesIn his book, Foundations of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Dr. Lipsitt provides a fascinating, comprehensive history of the parallel tracks of medicine and psychiatry. He meticulously documents the process by which the two fields grew to need each other, ultimately giving rise to the field of consultation-liaison psychiatry. He recounts how swings of the pendulum between the two parent fields would yielded gaps between psyche and soma and how the founders of our specialty skillfully navigated and sought to anneal those separations. Lipsitt’s careful analysis of the nation’s (and indeed, the world’s) relevant historical events can be neatly superimposed over these gaps, showing a clear causal relationship between external influences and internal challenges within psychiatry. In this way, Lipsitt takes an iterative approach to examining the history of consultation-liaison psychiatry, revisiting the history of the mind-body problem across time and space to expose both the challenges faced by early pioneers and the ingenuity that helped carry the field into unprecedented domains. He describes how adversity was sometimes our predecessors’ greatest advantage, as wartime trauma created a vacuum of suffering that could not be addressed by general hospitals or nonpsychiatrists. Dr. Lipsitt also highlights the bounty of early philanthropy toward consultation-liaison psychiatry, noting that without a strong push from champions such as John D. Rockefeller and Alan Gregg, psychiatry would have remained largely in the shadow of its more prominent medical and surgical siblings. Dr. Lipsitt has a real talent not only for providing readers with a meticulously researched, linear narrative of the history of the field but also for diving into the rich stories of the men and women responsible for making it so.This masterful work can be criticized only for its redundancy around certain themes such as identifying the first figures to name the field, although the passion with which the author revisits such subjects makes it that much easier for the reader to absolve these relatively minor sins. As with all strong works of historical nonfiction, Lipsitt looks to the future just as he looks to the past, warning the providers of today not to fall into the well-worked traps of a siloed approach to medicine. He warns against treating individuals as machines, fixing one part at a time, and cautions providers not to practice in isolation but rather to collaborate with psychiatrists and nonpsychiatrists alike in order to maintain the resilience of the field and to educate our compatriots about the value of our work. Throughout this work, Lipsitt achieves his own high honor, to bridge psyche and soma just as Winnicott described the challenge of riding two horses at once without defaulting to one or the other. In so doing he leaves us with this rich history of the champions of our field, whose personal histories, tragedies, and idiosyncratic circumstances placed them in positions of opportunity to exert influence and push the needle. Altthough the gap between body and mind may never fully be closed, there is much to be learned from history about the ways in which we may navigate this inevitable challenge to our field. To Dr. Lipsitt, we owe a debt of gratitude for this pivotal and personally meaningful history.Dr. Bui is the associate training director for the Brigham and Women’s/Harvard Medical School Psychiatry Residency and is an associate psychiatrist within the Division of Medical Psychiatry at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston.The reviewer reports no financial relationships with commercial interests. FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 67Issue 12 December 01, 2016Pages e19-e19 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 December 2016 Published in print 1 December 2016

Destin de la pulsion épistémophilique du chercheur. L’exemple de « William H. Masters »

This article focuses on the issue of epistemophilic impulse for the researcher through the example of the character William H. Masters, as he's portrayed in the television show “Masters of Sex”, created in 2013 by Michelle Ashford and inspired by the original eponymous novel by Thomas Maier. The television show retraces the course of the first two researchers who are interested, from the late 1950s, to the subject of sexuality in particular through these physiological responses. The work of Masters and Johnson revolutionizing the habits of thousands of Americans, before knowing worldwide fame. Our work proposes a psychoanalytic reading of the psychic functioning of the protagonist William Masters; our thinking takes as its starting point the researcher's “impulse of knowing” and questions its construction through different steps of sexuality and its impact on the choice of love objects.

The Relationship between Marxism and Indigenous Struggles and Implications of the Theoretical Framework for International Indigenous Struggles

Glen Coulthard’s masterly work,Red Skin, White Masks, raises the theoretical work of Indigenous scholarship in North America to a new level, bringing Marxism into the mix in looking at the political-economic effects of settler-colonialism on Indigenous peoples in North America. He charts a way forward for Indigenous activism outside the state, eschewing the politics of recognition. In addition to assessing Coulthard’s perspective on Marxism, this paper poses questions about privileging Indigenous social movements without addressing the national question and without including the role of the robust international Indigenous movement that has entered its fortieth year.

The effect of different training exercises on the performance outcome on the da Vinci Skills Simulator.

Increasing usage of robotic surgery presents surgeons with the question of how to acquire the special skills required. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different exercises on their performance outcomes. This prospective study was conducted on the da Vinci Skills Simulator from December 2014 till August 2015. Sixty robotic novices were included and randomized to three groups of 20 participants each. Each group performed three different exercises with comparable difficulty levels. The exercises were performed three times in a row within two training sessions, with an interval of 1week in between. On the final training day, two new exercises were added and a questionnaire was completed. Technical metrics of performance (overall score, time to complete, economy of motion, instrument collisions, excessive instrument force, instruments out of view, master work space range, drops, missed targets, misapplied energy time, blood loss and broken vessels) were recorded by the simulator software for further analysis. Training with different exercises led to comparable results in performance metrics for the final exercises among the three groups. A significant skills gain was recorded between the first and last exercises, with improved performance in overall score, time to complete and economy of motion for all exercises in all three groups. As training with different exercises led to comparable results in robotic training, the type of exercise seems to play a minor role in the outcome. For a robotic training curriculum, it might be important to choose exercises with comparable difficulty levels. In addition, it seems to be advantageous to limit the duration of the training to maintain the concentration throughout the entire session.

Uso da plataforma Arduino e do software PLX-DAQ para construção de gráficos de movimento em tempo real

Descrevemos neste artigo a construção de um aparato experimental indicado para o ensino de gráficos da Cinemática. O aparato utiliza o software PLX-DAQ e um sensor sonar de ultrassom acoplado a uma plataforma microcontrolada Arduino para realizar leituras de posição e distância de objetos. O instrumento foi desenvolvido durante a realização de um mestrado profissional, com o objetivo de contribuir para a superação de dificuldades de aprendizagem enfrentadas por estudantes da Educação Básica na construção e interpretação de gráficos de posição versus tempo no sistema cartesiano de coordenadas. Na primeira parte do artigo, apresentamos uma descrição detalhada da construção do aparato experimental e, na sequência, um breve relato sobre alguns resultados do seu uso em duas turmas de 1° ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola estadual do município de Candiota/RS. Durante sua aplicação, pudemos identificar uma evolução no desempenho dos alunos, os quais demonstraram, no início da atividade, alguma dificuldade na análise e interpretação de gráficos de movimento. No entanto, no decorrer das tarefas, eles foram capazes de interpretar e reproduzir gráficos de movimento, em tempo real, a partir do aparato experimental utilizado.

Religion, Reformation and Repression in the Reign of Francis I: Documents from the Parlement of Paris, 1515–1547 by James K. Farge

Religion, Reformation and Repression in the Reign of Francis I: Documents from the Parlement of Paris, 1515-1547, by James K. Farge. Toronto, Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2015. 2 vols., xlvi, 1463 pp. $200.00 Cdn (cloth). The Basilian priest and scholar James Farge is well known to the small but international group of scholars who are interested in the legal, intellectual, institutional, and religious history of France during the first half of the sixteenth century. He deserves a much larger audience and this masterful work should provide that. At the very least, these two volumes should be in the library of every university worthy of the name because they provide valuable keys to understanding the importance of religion in pre- and proto-modern societies, the growth of and resistance to new ideas, and the nature and functioning of bureaucracy and legal systems. The author's doctoral thesis on the Faculty of Theology of the University of Paris in the first half of the sixteenth century was presented in 1976. From 1980 onward he has published books and articles on the individual members of that faculty, its collective mentality and methods of action, and its involvement in the religious affairs of France and Europe, as well as on Parisian booksellers and French religious censorship, all during the first half of the sixteenth century. In addition, Fr. Farge spent more than a decade collecting the documents that are reproduced in their original Middle French in these two volumes, as well as an unspecified number of years in analyzing them. Anyone who has used the records of the early modern Parlement of Paris knows how amazing it is that he deciphered and read carefully more than 100,000 pages in over 100 large registers of the records of the Parlement (the size of which are illustrated on the dust covers of the volumes under review here). He then transcribed the incredibly difficult script of 1,183 of the documents he had read and explained them through informative introductions and annotations. The reproduced documents pertain most directly to religion, reformation, and repression, specifically the development of what became known as the Protestant Reformation, attempts to eradicate it and efforts to reform the Catholic Church from within (the First Catholic Reformation). However, they also provide source material for many topics, ranging from the functioning of the French legal system, France's interaction with Emperor Charles V, the development of absolutism, the history of printing and bookselling to popular religion, and collective and individual psychology. The author provides an invaluable forty-six page introduction in which he sets out his intention: not to disparage or to attempt to justify the beliefs and actions of the members of Parlement, but to make available a significant, complete array of documents that have heretofore been almost exclusively unknown (xix). In the introduction Fr. Farge provides a brief but incisive introduction to the scope, membership, and complicated functioning of Parlement, along with ample references for further inquiry. He also comments at some length on the change in the attitude of King Francis I to religious reform, showing that it began earlier than the Placards Affair of 1534 and developed slowly but definitely thereafter. Likewise, he traces the development of Parlement's reaction to religious dissent beginning with what were perceived as Lutheran errors and slowly became an awareness of the dangers of the ideas of John Calvin. Particularly important for historians of early modern Europe are the three appendices (documents related to the Concordat of Bologna, documents related to the royal commission to suppress heresy in Alencon in 1534, and royal and papal documents published or mentioned in the documents). …

Decoration of Children’s Literature of the Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East

The article discusses the basic principles of decoration of children’s literature of the Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East that are used by the artists-illustrators. The author carries out an analysis of several illustrations of some fairy tales of the peoples of the North, an analysis of decoration of fairy tale collections in order to determine which image of a certain ethnic group they form. The article briefly describes the work of such masters of children’s illustration as E.K. Evenbakh, N.G. Basmanova, G.D. Pavlishin and E.M. Rachev.

Review: The reflexive role of tanka poetry in domestic abuse research

Dissemination of findings in health sciences research can take many forms, but is usually through publication in peer-reviewed journals and oral and poster presentations at conferences and events. One of the challenges for the researcher is how to get the message across with maximum impact; poetry is one means of achieving this. The reviewed paper fell into my inbox on the same week that I presented a seminar on the use of poetry to convey emotions in Masters and Doctoral work (CRFR, 2015; MacDonald, 2015). This paper resonates strongly with this theme and has two purposes: to disseminate the research data in a way that is meaningful and exposes the participant voice; and to explore reflexivity and emotion in relation to the role of the researcher in qualitative research.

Evaluating and extending user-level fault tolerance in MPI applications

The user-level failure mitigation (ULFM) interface has been proposed to provide fault-tolerant semantics in the Message Passing Interface (MPI). Previous work presented performance evaluations of ULFM; yet questions related to its programability and applicability, especially to non-trivial, bulk synchronous applications, remain unanswered. In this article, we present our experiences on using ULFM in a case study with a large, highly scalable, bulk synchronous molecular dynamics application to shed light on the advantages and difficulties of this interface to program fault-tolerant MPI applications. We found that, although ULFM is suitable for master–worker applications, it provides few benefits for more common bulk synchronous MPI applications. To address these limitations, we introduce a new, simpler fault-tolerant interface for complex, bulk synchronous MPI programs with better applicability and support than ULFM for application-level recovery mechanisms, such as global rollback.

Diagnostic immunohistochemistry through Rosai-coloured glasses.

Over the past three decades, Immunohistochemistry has materially changed the practice of diagnostic surgical pathology. Foundational observations in this field were critical to a reasoned assessment of both the risks and opportunities that immunohistochemistry afforded the surgical pathologist, and our current practice draws heavily on those early assessments. As we collectively look to and acknowledge those who recognized the value of this technique and who helped guide its development as a companion to (not a replacement for) histomorphologic evaluation, we are drawn to those whose mastery of detail and ability to draw common patterns from seemingly unrelated phenomena helped define the diagnostic power of immunohistochemistry. The focus of this review is on one individual, Dr. Juan Rosai, whose contributions transcend the simple linkage of molecular observations to morphology, recognizing novel patterns in both form and color (the latter often the lovely shades of diaminobenzidine), seemingly viewing our diagnostic world at times through an entirely different lens. By looking at Dr. Rosai's early work in this field, reviewing a selection of his seminal observations, particularly in the Immunohistochemistry of thyroid and thymic neoplasia, revisiting how his special insight is often guided by the work of the early masters of morphology, and how his mentorship of others has helped shaped academic surgical pathology practice, perhaps we can get a glimpse through that lens.

Using mixed mode programming to parallelize an indicator-based evolutionary algorithm for inferring multiobjective phylogenetic histories

Multiple problems in bioinformatics research involve the optimization of time-consuming objective functions over exponentially growing search spaces. The capabilities shown by modern parallel systems composed of clustered multicore multiprocessors represent an opportunity to address such difficult problems. A suitable paradigm to exploit these systems lies on the combination of mixed mode programming and evolutionary computation. This research focuses on the reconstruction of multiobjective phylogenetic hypotheses by using an indicator-based evolutionary algorithm. In order to overcome the main sources of complexity of the problem, we propose a parallel adaptation of this algorithm based on master–worker principles. Experimental results on six real data sets report that the design achieves an efficient exploitation of a shared–distributed memory hybrid system composed of 48 processing cores, observing improved scalability in comparison with other parallel proposals. In addition, the inferred Pareto fronts give account of the relevance of the indicator-based design, verifying significant solution quality under different multiobjective metrics and biological testing procedures.

Robust and portable capacity computing method for many finite element analyses of a high-fidelity crustal structure model aimed for coseismic slip estimation

Computation of many Green's functions (GFs) in finite element (FE) analyses of crustal deformation is an essential technique in inverse analyses of coseismic slip estimations. In particular, analysis based on a high-resolution FE model (high-fidelity model) is expected to contribute to the construction of a community standard FE model and benchmark solution. Here, we propose a naive but robust and portable capacity computing method to compute many GFs using a high-fidelity model, assuming that various types of PC clusters are used. The method is based on the master–worker model, implemented using the Message Passing Interface (MPI), to perform robust and efficient input/output operations. The method was applied to numerical experiments of coseismic slip estimation in the Tohoku region of Japan; comparison of the estimated results with those generated using lower-fidelity models revealed the benefits of using a high-fidelity FE model in coseismic slip distribution estimation. Additionally, the proposed method computes several hundred GFs more robustly and efficiently than methods without the master–worker model and MPI.