Mass Of Seeds Research Articles

RELATION BETWEEN THE CROP YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS OF LENTIL

Lentils (Lens culinaris Medic.) belongs to the group of valuable high-protein food crops. A significant role in increasing its productivity is given to breeding. Among the methods of statistical data processing, the analysis of correlation interconnection between characteristics has become widespread in selection. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the correlation between the main economically valuable traits of lentil collection samples in the conditions of the Omsk region. Research project was carried out in 2016–2018 on the sidelines of the training and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University, located in the Southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The object of the study was the collection samples of lentils of different ecological and geographical origin (Russia, Germany, Turkey, Canada, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan). The standard was the Aida variety. Over the years of research, according to the results of the correlation analysis, a stable interconnection between the yield and the number of beans (r = 0.80 ± 0.04) and the mass of seeds (r = 0.80 ± 0.04) per plant was fixed. An average positive interconnection between yield was found during the periods from germination to flowering (r = 0.60 ± 0.09) and from flowering to ripening (r = 0.60 ± 0.09), the number of seeds in a bean (r = 0.60 ± 0.09), weighing 1000 seeds (r = 0.50 ± 0.09), the distance from the tip of the lower bean to the soil (r = 0.40 ± 0.08) and the height of the plant (r = 0.40 ± 0 , 08). A weak positive dependence of the yield was fixed on the length of the bean (r = 0.30 ± 0.07) and the height of attachment of the lower bean (r = 0.30 ± 0.07). The analysis showed the degree of influence of various elements of productivity on the formation of productivity, which affords more targeted selection in the selection process.

Differences in seed properties and germination between native and introduced populations of Triadica sebifera

Abstract Aims Seeds of many invasive plants germinate more quickly than those of native species, likely facilitating invasion success. Assessing the germination traits and seed properties simultaneously for introduced and native populations of an invasive plant is essential to understanding biological invasions. Here, we used Triadica sebifera as a study organism to examine intraspecific differences in seed germination together with seed characteristics. Methods We measured physical (volume, mass, coat hardness and coat thickness of seeds) and chemical (crude fat, soluble protein, sugar, gibberellins [GA] and abscisic acid [ABA] of kernels) properties of T. sebifera seeds collected in 2017 from 12 introduced (United States) populations and 12 native (China) populations and tested their germination rates and timing in a greenhouse experiment in China. Furthermore, we conducted an extra experiment in the United States using seeds collected in 2016 and 2017 to compare the effects of study sites (China vs. United States) and seed collection time (2016 vs. 2017) on seed germination. Important Findings Seeds from the introduced range germinated faster than those from the native range. Physical and chemical measurements showed that seeds from the introduced range were larger, had higher GA concentrations and GA:ABA ratio, but lower crude fat concentrations compared to those from the native range. There were no significant differences in seed mass, coat hardness and coat thickness or kernel ABA, soluble protein or sugar concentrations between seeds from introduced vs. native ranges. Germination rates were correlated between United States and China greenhouses but germination rates for populations varied between collection years. Our results suggest that larger seeds and higher GA likely contribute to faster germination, potentially facilitating T. sebifera invasion in the introduced range.

Simulation and experiment on prediction of total rice seeds mass in vibrating tray for vacuum plate seeder

To improve the seeds pick-up precision of a vacuum plate seeder, it is important to accurately control the relative distance between suction plate and seeds layer in vibrating tray. Under the excitation of reciprocating vibration with a time varying interference in direction angle, the seeds motion is simulated using the discrete element method (DEM). By analyzing the seeds distribution characteristics, it was found that the seeds-mass-per-unit-area (SMA) was approximately plane distributed in the tray. Then, four square areas on the bottom of rectangular tray were divided symmetrically near the four vertices to measure the corresponding SMA respectively, and a monitoring plane model was established to predict the average SMA and total seeds mass in the tray. The prediction results of DEM simulation showed that the maximum and the mean relative errors were 6.75% and 2.85%. The influences of the normal vector of monitoring plane model and the standard deviation of SMA in four monitoring areas on the prediction errors were analyzed. A method for improving prediction accuracy by using linear regression correction was proposed, and the maximum and the mean relative errors could be reduced to 5.01% and 2.07%. When the tray was vibrated with the frequency of 11 Hz and the amplitude of 4 mm, experiments were carried out on the vacuum plate seeder test-rig. A Kalman filter was adopted to suppress the SMA measurement noise in four monitoring areas. Prediction results indicated that the maximum and the mean relative errors were 10.2% and 3.46% with the average SMA in range of 0.9-1.5 g/cm2, respectively. The paper can provide a basis for further study on the automatic control of suction plate motion according to the variation of seeds mass in the tray. Keywords: vacuum plate seeder, rice seeds, total mass, prediction method, vibrating tray, discrete element method DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191205.4415 Citation: Zhao Z, Jin M Z, Tian C J, Qin F. Simulation and experiment on prediction of total rice seeds mass in vibrating tray for vacuum plate seeder. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(5): 81–86.

Formation of elements of the harvesting structure of spring durum wheat in agroecological conditions of the Chuvash Republic

The article presents for the first time data on the productivity of varieties of spring durum wheat of different morphotypes under the conditions of the northern regions of the Chuvash Republic, in order to select the most promising of them and determine the possibilities of selective and technological adaptation in the region. The experiment involved 5 varieties of spring durum wheat: 1) Bezenchuk 200 (control), 2) Bezenchuk Niva, 3) Bezenchuk 205, 4) Bezenchuk 209 and5) Luch 25. The results of biometric and structural analysis of spring durum wheat plants on average for 2015-2017 found that the height of plants by varieties on average for three years ranged from 74.6 to 104.8 cm. Indicators of the best productive bushiness were noted for the variety Bezenchuk Niva and Bezenchuk 209. Weather conditions in 2015 and 2016 provided more favorable conditions for the formation of elements of the structure of the crop, in contrast to 2017, characterized by an abundance of precipitation and lower temperatures during the growing season. It was found that the number and weight of seeds in the head depending on the variety varied in proportion to the length of the head. The best indicators of the crop structure were found in the Bezenchuk 209 and Bezenchuk Niva varieties, where the number of seeds in the main spike was 21.8 - 22.9 and the mass of seeds in the spike- 1.0-1.1 g. The mass of 1000 seeds amounted to options from 42.32 to 53.3 grams. The Bezenchuk Niva and Luch 25 varieties significantly exceeded the control of this indicator by 8.9 and 10.8%, respectively. Accounting for biological yields revealed the advantage of the Bezenchuk Niva and Bezenchuk 209 varieties.

Effects of climate, soil, forest structure and land use on the functional composition of the understorey in Italian forests

AbstractQuestionIn functional biogeography studies, generalizable patterns in the relationship between plant traits and the environment have yet to emerge. Local drivers (i.e., soil, land use, vegetation structure) can increase our understanding of the trait–environment relationship. What is the role of climate and local drivers in shaping abundance‐weighted trait patterns of forest understories at biogeographic scales?LocationItalian forests.MethodsWe selected 201 sites that are statistically representative for the heterogeneity of Italian forests across three biogeographic regions (alpine, continental, and mediterranean). Understorey vegetation was recorded for each site on an area of 400 m2, together with 25 environmental variables related to climate, soil, land use and forest structure. Specific leaf area (SLA), plant height (H) and seed mass (SM) were obtained from databases. Community‐weighted mean (CWM) values were calculated. Variance partitioning was used to identify the relative role of groups of environmental variables on the CWM of traits. Generalized Additive Models were used to assess the relationship between traits and single variables.ResultsClimate alone and climate–soil interactions explained the largest proportion of the variation of all the traits (13.7% to 22.8%). Temperature‐related factors as well as soil N and P availability were the climatic and edaphic explanatory variables most correlated to trait variation. Forest structure and land use accounted for a smaller percentage of the variation in traits. Land‐use factors alone were important in explaining only SLA variation.ConclusionsWhile climate plays a major role in trait–environment relationships in forest understories, our results highlighted the need to integrate at least soil properties as local drivers of trait variation in broad scale functional biogeography studies of these systems.

Variability of the «mass of seeds from a plant» sign in the soybeans hybrids of the different groups of ripeness

Aim. The purpose of the research is to determine the manifestation of the feature “seed weight from a plant” (the, parental forms) and hybrids, to establish the level of variability behind the soybean varieties in the F2–F5 hybrid combinations, to determine the effectiveness of selections for productivity in terms of the “seed weight from a plant” indicator from the hybrid populations of the F2–F5. Methods. The field, selection and genetic, calculation and comparative methods of the research were used. The varieties that are different in terms of fecundity and origin, also hybrids F1 and hybrid populations F2–F5 were studied. Selections on the basis of the “seed weight from a plant” were carried out in the F2–F5 populations. Results. It has been established that in soy characteristic “seed mass from a plant” has significant genotypic variability and has significant differences in varieties of different groups of ripeness, which may be a prerequisite for predicting the effective selection for this factorial trait. A high correlation of this trait with seed yield was also established. The proportion of the families from the selections, that were carried out in the F3 populations, exceeded the seed yield standard and was in the range of 28.0–37.5%. In the second generation of hybrids the efficiency of selection was 1.5–2 times lower. Conclusions. The highest yield of high-yielding genotypes, reached by the “seed mass from a plant” indicator was obtained from the F3 populations. To create the new high-yielding soybean varieties with a 3.5–5.5 t/ha yield under irrigation conditions, it is promising to use in the crossings the variety samples which are contrastive by groups of ripeness and genetic pedigree. Keywords: variety, soybean, hybrid, population, yield, irrigation.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUITS AND SEEDS Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae - Mimosaceae)

The main physical and morphological characteristics of Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae –Mimosaceae) fruits and seeds, and correlation estimates between these characteristics were investigate in this study. Mature fruits of I. laurina were collected from matrices trees established in a savannah area located at the municipality of Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The length, width, and thickness of 100 fruits and 100 seeds were measured. The fresh mass of fruits, pulp and seeds, and seed number per fruit were quantified. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, adjustment of statistical distributions, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis (rS). The I. laurina presents variation in the size and weight of fruits, pulp, and seeds, which can be explored for breeding programs and should be considered in the formation of seed lots that are more homogeneous. The fruits of I. laurina species are composed of 41% of pulp, 39% of bark and 20% of the seed. The greater fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of fruits with greater fresh mass and longer due to the high degree of association between these characteristics and the pulp yield. The fruit length is a good indication in the selection of seeds with greater weight.

BIOMETRIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES E TRATAMENTOS PRÉ-GERMINATIVOS EM SEMENTES DE Hymenaea courbaril

A caracterização de frutos e sementes de espécies florestais é fundamental para o conhecimento das condições ideais de germinação e seu uso na revegetação de ambientes degradados. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar biometricamente frutos e sementes e definir o método adequado para superação de dormência das sementes de Hymenaea courbaril. Foram mensurados comprimento, largura, espessura e massa de frutos e sementes, sendo posteriormente, as sementes submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos: sementes sem tratamento (controle); ácido sulfúrico por 10; 20 e 30 minutos; escarificação mecânica; e imersão em água quente a 100 °C até resfriamento. Os dados biométricos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e distribuição de frequência. Ao longo da germinação foram avaliadas a percentagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de germinação. Constatou-se que 15% da biomassa dos frutos foram alocadas para as sementes, 72% na casca e 13% na polpa farinácea. Os métodos pré-germinativos da escarificação química durante 30 minutos e mecânica apresentaram 80% e 93% da germinação, respectivamente. Os frutos e sementes de H. courbaril apresentaram ampla variação biométrica e de biomassa, o que constitui características importantes na germinação das sementes. Entre as classes, a biomassa variou entre 2,90 a 4,34 g. Os tratamentos que apresentaram germinação satisfatória foram ácido sulfúrico e lixa.

Altitudinal variation of floral organs in Saussurea przewalskii and its relationship with the number and mass of seeds

We examined the variation of floral organs of Sausssurea przewalskii along altitude and its relationship with the number and mass of seeds from 12 populations in the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. At the altitude of 3500-4500 m, the filament length, anther length, column length and style branch length were 0.52-1.01, 0.23-0.63, 0.74-1.58, and 0.11-0.22 cm, respectively. All the indices significantly increased with altitude, while the number of pollens (26.5×104-73.5×104) significantly decreased. There was a significant negative correlation between the lengths of filament, style, column branches and pollen numbers, and a significant positive correlation between column length and filament length. The number of seeds was negatively correlated with the lengths of filament, column and style branches, but positively correlated with the number of pollen. The hundred kernals weight was positively correlated with the length of the filament, column and style branches, and negatively correlated with the number of pollen. With the increases of altitude, S. przewalskii extends the length of flower organs to increase the pollen carrying capacity and input of insects in the flowering period, and produces large seeds with more competitive advantage and survival rate in fruiting stage to improve its fitness.

Influence of seed position and mass in the fruit in sucupira's germination

Studies related to the understanding of several aspects influence the germination of seeds are essential for the development of protocols for germination and subsequent production of seedlings of native species. Thus, the aim was to study the influence of seed mass and its position in the germination of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. Fruits of B. virgilioides were collected directly from matrix trees and opened manually, the seeds being separated according to their position in the fruit (Proximal, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6 and 7 and distal). The number and mass of the seeds were counted according to the position in the pod. The germination tests was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2x7 factorial scheme, with two weight classes (<0.014g and > 0.014g) and seven fruit positions with 4 replicates of 25 seeds. The seed mass and the position of the seeds in B. virgilioides fruit influence the germination and post-seminal growth. Heavier seeds exhibit superior performance to slight in relation to germination and seedling growth. Seeds from the proximal position present germinative performance inferior to the other positions. For the composition of seed lots of B. virgilioides, intended for the production of seedlings, it is recommended that the seedlings be separated by mass and position in the fruits.

Physiological Quality of Rice and Soybean Seeds Produced Under Hydric Stress in Greenhouse

The hydric resources are primordial for plants growth and development, under conditions where the growing environment express hydric shortage. These conditions can directly or indirectly affect development, the formation of new organs, yield and quality seeds. The study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of rice and soybean seeds, produced under hydric restriction. Experiment 1: for rice, the scheme was completely randomized with four repetitions, the treats of hydric restrictions were applied in the periods of 0, 24, 48, 72 hours at the phenological stage of filling seeds. Experiment 2: for soybean, the scheme was completely randomized, conducted in factorial scheme, four replicates with four hydric restriction periods of 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours, at the phenological stage of filling seeds. It was verified that as the hydric restriction hours increase, at the rice seeds filling, the physiologic quality is affected, the higher effect occurred at 72 hours of restriction. While at the soybean seeds production it was not verified such effects, only the thousand seeds mass was negatively affected. The physiological quality of rice seeds were more affected, when compared to soybean seeds submitted to the same treats of hydric stress.

Sunflower response to inoculation with single and mixed species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Agronomic characteristics

The impact of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was evaluated in a pot experiment. The indigenous AMF, including Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus viscosum, were isolated from an agricultural field in which cotton and sunflower plants were grown. The most abundant species (G. viscosum) was multiplied in a monospecific culture. Sunflower plants were inoculated with the mixture of three selected AMF species or solely with G. viscosum. The number of leaves, shoot length, head diameter, above ground biomass, and seeds mass were significantly higher in the plant inoculated with AMF mixture followed by individual inoculation with G. viscosum followed by the control. AMF mixture outperformed the G. viscosumby increasing mycorrhizal dependency and mycorrhizal inoculation effect of sunflower. The results indicate that AMF mixture could be considered as a good inoculum for improving growth and yield of sunflower in sustainable agriculture.

Genomic signatures of seed mass adaptation to global precipitation gradients in sorghum

Seed mass is a key component of adaptation in plants and a determinant of yield in crops. The climatic drivers and genomic basis of seed mass variation remain poorly understood. In the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor, globally-distributed landraces harbor abundant variation in seed mass, which is associated with precipitation in their agroclimatic zones of origin. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that diversifying selection across precipitation gradients, acting on ancestral cereal grain size regulators, underlies seed mass variation in global sorghum germplasm. We tested this hypothesis in a set of 1901 georeferenced and genotyped sorghum landraces, 100-seed mass from common gardens, and bioclimatic precipitation variables. As predicted, 100-seed mass in global germplasm varies significantly among botanical races and is correlated to proxies of the precipitation gradients. With general and mixed linear model genome-wide associations, we identified 29 and 56 of 100 a priori candidate seed size genes with polymorphisms in the top 1% of seed mass association, respectively. Eleven of these genes harbor polymorphisms associated with the precipitation gradient, including orthologs of genes that regulate seed size in other cereals. With FarmCPU, 13 significant SNPs were identified, including one at an a priori candidate gene. Finally, we identified eleven colocalized outlier SNPs associated with seed mass and precipitation that also carry signatures of selection based on FST scans and PCAdapt, which represents a significant enrichment. Our findings suggest that seed mass in sorghum was shaped by diversifying selection on drought stress, and can inform genomics-enabled breeding for climate-resilient cereals.

Some physico-mechanical properties of carrot (Daucus carota L.), cherry belle (Rhaphanus sativus L.) and nigella (Nigella sativa L.) seeds coated with pellets

Seed growing has recently become significantly important in agriculture. Preparing the seeds to coat for plantation and using the coated seeds for plantation has brought about new perspectives in farming. Shape, size and one thousand seeds mass are among the most effective criteria for the success of seed coating. In this study; cherry belle, carrot and nigella seeds which have different sizes and shapes together with one thousand seeds mass and seedling emergence were studied. For this purpose, a seed coating equipment was designed, produced and analyzed through a horizontally shaped boiler. In the designed equipment, the seeds were coated in the form of approximately 2 mm diameter in order to pellet accordance with the ISTA norms. As the results of the performed tests show that; cherry belle was coated %99, nigella seed %99 and carrot seed %97. As for the seedling emergence; cherry belle germinated %95, nigella seed %17 and carrot %75. The results of the analysis indicate that the types of the seeds used in the test can be achieved by pneumatic plantation machine. But the nigella seeds did not show enough seedling emergence. It should be noted that carrots and nigella seeds aren’t spherical. If carrots and nigella seeds are pelleted, the sphericity will increase up to 40-60%. By pelleting seeds their physico-mechanical properties will be more homogeneous.

Emergency and Growth of Andiroba Seedlings (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) in Function of the Seeds

Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.-Meliaceae) is considered an Amazonian forest species with great potential for multiple use in natural forests. Because it is a native species of the Amazon rainforest, it has great socioeconomic importance for the extractive population due to the oil extracted from its seeds. The speed of emergence is an important factor in the establishment of seedlings, since the longer the seeds remain inside the soil, the seeds are in the soil, the greater the chances that the seeds will be attacked by fungi and soil insects. The objective of this work was to determinate the speed of andiroba emergence (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) seedlings and the development. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA)-Capitão Poço, Brazil. Fruits of C. guianensis were collected in floodplain areas in northeastern of Pará. The treatments were arranged according to the seed mass. Were calculated 5 variables after sowing (emergence speed index; height; interference of the mass of andiroba seeds at the height of the seedlings stem; interference of the mass of andiroba seeds in the number of leaves; interference of the mass of andiroba seeds in the number of leaflets). The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replicates with 5 seeds per replicate (5 seeds per vessel), totaling 25 seeds per treatment. The data were statistically analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% probability with the software Assistat 7.6. The seed mass classes did not influence ESI (Emergence Speed Index). The seed mass promoted significant effects on 4 variables. The mass of the seeds of andiroba does not influence the ESI of seedlings for it own production. The heavy and very heavy seeds generated more developed plants.

Effect of Grape Seed and Skin Tannin Molecular Mass and Composition on the Rate of Reaction with Anthocyanin and Subsequent Formation of Polymeric Pigments in the Presence of Acetaldehyde.

Polymeric pigments formed via ethyl linkages between grape tannins and anthocyanins are important to the development of stable red wine color. To determine the effect of tannin structure on the stability and color properties of ethyl-linked polymeric pigments, tannin fractions with average polymerization between 4 and 43 units were prepared from grape skins and seeds and combined with malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G) in model wine containing acetaldehyde. As tannin molecular mass increased, the reaction rate with M3G increased. Compared with skin tannins of comparable molecular mass, seed tannins reacted more rapidly with M3G but were prone to precipitation. This resulted in a loss of polymeric pigments formed from seed tannins, which was greater as tannin molecular mass increased. Aggregation occurred following the reaction of seed tannin with M3G, concomitant with precipitation. The aggregation-precipitation phenomenon was not observed for skin tannin-derived pigments, indicating a greater stability in solution than those formed from seed tannins.

CULTURAL FISH CULTIVATION IN FLOATING NETWORK IN KELURAHAN BELAWAN SICANANG KOTA MEDAN

Grouper is one of the non-oil and gas export commodities that has the potential to be developed. As fish, fish consumption is much needed for restaurants and luxury hotels. The weight range of 500 - 100 grams / head, especially in living conditions, has a high price compared to in the form of dead fish.In 1999, research and development for multi-species harchery carried out jointly by the Gondol Marine Aquaculture Research Center with JICA first successfully produced mass of duck grouper seeds, cromileptes altivelis and tiger grouper seeds (Kawahara, et. Al ., 2000; Sugama et.al., 2001). Whereas to mass produce sunu grouper seeds in 2005. Technology development has been disseminated to government and private hatcheries, so that the production of duck grouper seeds has increased dramatically and more than 1 million seeds in 2001 (Kawahara and Ismi, 2003). This technology is also applied to the production of tiger grouper seeds, Ephinephelus fuscoguttatus by private hatcheries. In 2002, tiger grouper seed production was more than 2.6 million. For sunu groupers up to now, more than 0.5 million in 2006.Belawan Sicanang Village Medan Belawan District Medan City is an island surrounded by several tributaries which empties into the Deli River. 40% of the population are fishermen who are looking for shrimp or fish in the river and land pond farmers. Grouper is one of the fish that lives naturally in the waters of Belawan Sicanang Village which has high economic value. But environmental damage such as logging of mangroves due to the low alternatives of community livelihoods, changes in the function of land, continuous capture of the land causes the grouper population to continue to decline.The use of the river for floating cages in grouper aquaculture can reduce the reduced supply of groupers from the natural habitat of fishermen's catches produced by this region. Cheaper cost analysis compared to terrestrial aquaculture can improve the welfare of fishermen and support culinary commodities in the development of Mango Sicanang ecotourism which is being promoted by the community and the local government.

Effects of melatonin on photosynthesis and soybean seed growth during grain filling under drought stress

We studied the effects of melatonin on soybean photosynthesis and seed growth at different developmental stages under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol in the growth medium. Experimental groups were supplied with a normal nutrient solution after seven days of continuous treatment; overall, five treatments were completed when the early maturity stage was reached. Under normal water supply, melatonin supplementation had no significant effect on the photosynthetic characteristics or soybean seed growth. However, drought stress reduced leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, and relative photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters, while it increased a leaf content of osmoregulatory substances, antioxidant-related enzyme activities, and seed growth-related indicators. Compared to the drought-stressed group, the melatonin treatment under drought stress improved the above indicators; specifically, melatonin effectively increased the photosynthetic rate, 100-seed mass, and total seed mass per plant. All the effects were most significant during the first seven days after the early seed-filling stage.

Embebição e emissão da raiz primária de sementes de Campomanesia adamantium em função da temperatura

Campomanesia adamantium is a native Brazilian Cerrado species with potential for use in human food, herbal medicine and the beverage industry. Aiming to characterize the process of soaking and primary root protrusion of C. adamantium seeds at different temperatures, this work was developed. After pulp removal, seeds were evaluated for water content and initial characterization of the physiological quality. To study the soaking process, the seeds were exposed at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 °C and then, data of seed mass and number of seeds with primary root protrusion were obtained at pre-established intervals. Peleg’s model was fitted to the soaking data and 95% confidence bands were constructed for statistical comparison of the curves. The soaking at the temperature of 30 ° C was faster than at the other temperatures. The Peleg’s model was efficient to describe the process of water absorption of the seeds. High temperatures (30 ° C) favor the rapid imbibition and primary root protrusion in C. adamantium seeds. Phase II of the seed imbibing process of this species is short and phase III is not well defined by high water uptake.

Phenotypic multicarter selection approach to predict genetics applied in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4 of common black beans

The objective of this work was to apply the phenotypic multicarter selection and predictive genetic for the attributes of the yield of common black bean seeds in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4.The experimental design was augmented blocks, where the BRS Esplendor (BE), BRS Supremo (BS) and IPR Tiziu (IT) genotypes were used as controls arranged in four replicates, the other treatments were organized in a unique way in the experiment, the F2 segregating generation being represented by 36 common black bean populations, F3 segregating generation composed of 72 families and the F4 segregating generation formed by 44 families. The multicarter phenotypic index provided the simultaneous selection for the number and mass of seeds per plant, independent of the segregating generation of common black bean.Multicarter genetic variation is superior for the F3 segregating generation, with pronounced environmental effects on the F4 generation.The F4 segregating families express superiority to the genetic gain and magnitude of superior genotypes in relation to the commercial controls, where high genetic increase is exposed between the F3 to F4selection.The use of the phenotypic index expresses applicability to the selection of common black bean genotypes to increase seed yield.