Formation of elements of the harvesting structure of spring durum wheat in agroecological conditions of the Chuvash Republic

Abstract

The article presents for the first time data on the productivity of varieties of spring durum wheat of different morphotypes under the conditions of the northern regions of the Chuvash Republic, in order to select the most promising of them and determine the possibilities of selective and technological adaptation in the region. The experiment involved 5 varieties of spring durum wheat: 1) Bezenchuk 200 (control), 2) Bezenchuk Niva, 3) Bezenchuk 205, 4) Bezenchuk 209 and5) Luch 25. The results of biometric and structural analysis of spring durum wheat plants on average for 2015-2017 found that the height of plants by varieties on average for three years ranged from 74.6 to 104.8 cm. Indicators of the best productive bushiness were noted for the variety Bezenchuk Niva and Bezenchuk 209. Weather conditions in 2015 and 2016 provided more favorable conditions for the formation of elements of the structure of the crop, in contrast to 2017, characterized by an abundance of precipitation and lower temperatures during the growing season. It was found that the number and weight of seeds in the head depending on the variety varied in proportion to the length of the head. The best indicators of the crop structure were found in the Bezenchuk 209 and Bezenchuk Niva varieties, where the number of seeds in the main spike was 21.8 - 22.9 and the mass of seeds in the spike- 1.0-1.1 g. The mass of 1000 seeds amounted to options from 42.32 to 53.3 grams. The Bezenchuk Niva and Luch 25 varieties significantly exceeded the control of this indicator by 8.9 and 10.8%, respectively. Accounting for biological yields revealed the advantage of the Bezenchuk Niva and Bezenchuk 209 varieties.