Abstract
Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.-Meliaceae) is considered an Amazonian forest species with great potential for multiple use in natural forests. Because it is a native species of the Amazon rainforest, it has great socioeconomic importance for the extractive population due to the oil extracted from its seeds. The speed of emergence is an important factor in the establishment of seedlings, since the longer the seeds remain inside the soil, the seeds are in the soil, the greater the chances that the seeds will be attacked by fungi and soil insects. The objective of this work was to determinate the speed of andiroba emergence (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) seedlings and the development. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA)-Capitão Poço, Brazil. Fruits of C. guianensis were collected in floodplain areas in northeastern of Pará. The treatments were arranged according to the seed mass. Were calculated 5 variables after sowing (emergence speed index; height; interference of the mass of andiroba seeds at the height of the seedlings stem; interference of the mass of andiroba seeds in the number of leaves; interference of the mass of andiroba seeds in the number of leaflets). The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replicates with 5 seeds per replicate (5 seeds per vessel), totaling 25 seeds per treatment. The data were statistically analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% probability with the software Assistat 7.6. The seed mass classes did not influence ESI (Emergence Speed Index). The seed mass promoted significant effects on 4 variables. The mass of the seeds of andiroba does not influence the ESI of seedlings for it own production. The heavy and very heavy seeds generated more developed plants.
Highlights
The Amazon rainforest has as a characteristic the diversity of ecosystems, the lowland forests are examples of these, harboring an ecological and socioeconomic importance for the region (De Abreu et al, 2011)
Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.-Meliaceae) is considered an Amazonian forest species with great potential for multiple use in natural forests, being possible to use it in the production of wood and seeds in a compatible way, depending on the structure forest rates, logging rates and forest type (Klimas et al, 2012)
The speed of emergence is an important factor in the establishment of seedlings, since the longer the seeds remain inside the soil, the seeds are in the soil, the greater the chances that the seeds will be attacked by fungi and soil insects (Modolo et al, 2011)
Summary
The Amazon rainforest has as a characteristic the diversity of ecosystems, the lowland forests are examples of these, harboring an ecological and socioeconomic importance for the region (De Abreu et al, 2011). Among the species of the lowland forests are the Andiroba (Carapa spp.), usually common in this forest typology (Coelho de Abreu et al, 2014). C. guianensis is a perennial tree up to 55 m in height, with a cylindrical and straight trunk, with a medium crown, dense and composed of upright branches (De Jesus-Barros et al, 2015). Because it is a native species of the Amazon jas.ccsenet.org. Vol 11, No 9; 2019 rainforest, it has great socioeconomic importance for the extractive population due to the oil extracted from its seeds. There may be different seeds among them, but well behaved so as to form a kind of spiral
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