Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey Research Articles

Relationship Between Fatigue and Burnout Syndrome Among Residents in Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Department

Background Anesthesiologists in Indonesia are still in high demand. The large number of patients and the heavy workload faced by residents are accompanied by quite high pressure from various aspects, this can cause anesthesia resident participants to experience fatigue so they are prone to a syndrome called burnout syndrome. This study aims to determine the relationship between fatigue and burnout syndrome among residents in the Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study on 106 residents that was performed using a questionnaire consisting of characteristics of study samples, translated Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS). Results From the analysis, it was discovered that 50% of the residents didn’t experience fatigue with a median score of FAS 21.5, and 84.9% of the residents didn’t experience burnout syndrome with a median score of MBI-HSS was 51,84 ± 19,59. There was a significant relationship between FAS and total score of MBI-HSS, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement with p-value <0.001. Conclusions There was a significant relationship between FAS and total score of MBI-HSS, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement.

STUDI KORELASIONAL SPIRITUALITAS DAN BURNOUT SYNDROME PERAWAT RUANG INTENSIF SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has put extraordinary pressure on medical personnel, especially nurses who work in critical wards. They are faced with high health-related risks as well as constant psychological stress. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience during the pandemic. This research was conducted using a survey method and data collection through questionnaires (SWBS (Spiritual Well Being Scale) and MBI-HSS (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey)) which were given to 55 nurses who work in critical rooms selected using total sampling techniques. Research data was analyzed using Chi-square with Fisher's Exact Test. The research results showed that almost all nurses had a high level of spirituality (85.5%) and the majority of nurses did not experience burnout syndrome (60.0%). The calculated statistical value obtained a sig (2-tiled) value of 0.007 (p<0.05) meaning that there is a significant relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience. Nurses with higher levels of spirituality tend to experience lower levels of burnout. This indicates that aspects of spirituality, such as strong beliefs and regular spiritual practices, act as protective factors in reducing the risk of burnout syndrome. Apart from that, it is also important to include a holistic approach that pays attention to spiritual aspects in care and support for nurses during pandemics and other critical situations.

NURSE ROTATION TO THE INCIDENCE OF BURNOUT SYNDROME

The prevalence of burnout among nursing professionals is very high, which is associated with gender, age, marital status, level of health, occupational shifts and health care areas. Job rotation is one way out of the problems that are occurring. This study was to determine the relationship between nurse rotation and burnout syndrome. This study uses a quantitative research design with a cros-sectional approach to explain the variable of job rotation with the incidence of burnout syndrome in nurses. A population of 130 nurses with sampling techniques using the slovin formula was obtained by 98 respondents with the criteria of ASN nurses who work in mental wards, nurses who have experienced job rotation. The Instrument used nurse rotation questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey questionnaire. Data analysis using pearson correlation tests. Research shows a relationship between job rotation and the incidence of nurse burnout syndrome with an r value of 0.900 then a p value of 0.000. The nurse's good perception of job rotation is the lower the incidence of burnout in nurses and to provide a good plan related to the nurse job rotation program and adjust the workload so as to improve the performance of good nurses.Keywords: Burnout Syndrome; Job Rotation; Nurse

Burnout, moral injury, and suicidal/self-harm ideation among healthcare professionals in Mainland China: Insights from an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This survey explored the relationships between burnout, moral injury, and suicidal/self-harm ideation among Chinese health professionals in mainland China. Health professionals were surveyed online using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Health Professional version. A total of 6,146 health professionals participated in the study. The average age of participants was 34.9 ± 8.5years, and suicidal/self-harm ideation was present in 2,338 participants (38.0%). The prevalence of suicidal/self-harm ideation was more common among those with severe burnout (vs. mild burnout), particularly in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishment. The prevalence of suicidal/self-harm ideation among those with significant moral injury symptoms was higher than in those without moral injury. Unconditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that those with moderate or severe emotional exhaustion, moderate or severe reduced sense of professional accomplishment, and moderate or severe depersonalization were at increased risk of suicidal/self-harm ideation.Structural equation modelling demonstrated that burnout significantly mediated the relationship between moral injury and suicidal/self-harm ideation. The proportion of mediation (PM) by burnout was 43.0%. This study found that burnout and moral injury were significant predictors of suicidal/self-harm ideation among health professionals in China. Both moral injury and burnout had positive and direct effects on suicidal/self-harm ideation, and burnout mediated the relationship between moral injury and suicidal/self-harm ideation. Interventions to address moral injury and subsequent burnout in Chinese healthcare workers may enhance the mental health of these healthcare professionals and increase the quality of care that they provide.

Hubungan Spiritual Well-Being dengan Burnout Pada Perawat

Nursing is a profession that is prone to burnout. One that influences burnout is spiritual. Spiritual emptiness will cause individuals to feel various negative emotions, such as emptiness in life, easy to give up and complain when experiencing problems. The study aims to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and burnout among nurses at RSUD Dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga. This research method is correlated with cross-sectional approach. Respondents in the study were 119 inpatient nurses who were taken by total sampling technique. Data were collected using the Spirituality Well-Being Scale (SWBS) questionnaire and The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) questionnaire. Data analysis showed that the spiritual well-being level of nurses was dominated by the high category of 117 respondents (98.3%). The majority of nurses experienced low level of burnout (95%). The results of the study showed that there was a moderate relationship between spiritual well-being and burnout among nurses at RSUD Dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga. Correlation test results obtained a p-value of 0.000 and a Rho value of -0.567, then the higher the spiritual level of well-being, the lower the level of burnout. Therefore, high spiritual well-being can prevent burnout in nurses.

Stress, Professional Burnout, and Employee Efficiency in the Greek National Organization for the Provision of Health Services.

Workplace stress and burnout in the Greek healthcare system had been considered severe even before the high pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate occupational quality of life and burnout effects on workplace errors among the administrative staff in the Greek healthcare system. We enrolled 120 administrative healthcare employee participants between April and May 2019. Occupational burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Inadequate staffing, a low sense of well-being, exhaustion, and low family income were associated with workplace errors. Increased workload and staff shortages were associated with occupation related quality of life. Targeted interventions supporting healthcare staff mental health are warranted. Wellness and professional burnout can affect professional efficiency and are associated with workplace errors in the healthcare sector. Targeted interventions are warranted to support the mental health of healthcare staff during work and to prevent incidents of post-traumatic stress. Shortages of staffing may lead to an increase in the cost of the provided services.

Role stress, occupational burnout and depression among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmergency nurses are a professional group at a high risk of burnout and depression. This may influence their mental state and physical health. AimsThe aim of the study was to explore the relationship between role stress, occupational burnout and depression among emergency nurses. MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 295 emergency nurses from eight tertiary hospitals in western China. The Role Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were employed. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. ResultsOf the study participants, 54.6% were found to have depressive symptoms and 48.1% had severe occupational burnout. Positive correlations were observed between the scores of role stress and burnout and depression. Approximately 37.1% of the variation in depression was explained by the components of occupational burnout. ConclusionsEmergency nurses experience high levels of role stress, occupational burnout and depression. Preventive approaches to role stress, burnout and depression are needed to improve their psychological condition and quality of work life.

Burnout syndrome among medical nurse-technicians in intensive care units in cardiovascular surgery.

Healthcare workers in intensive care units work under specifically hard conditions compared to healthcare workers who work under regular clinical conditions. In this sense, the research aims at assessing the level of burnout symptomatology among nurse technicians working in intensive care units for cardiovascular surgery and to compare those burnout levels with those recorded for medical technicians working under regular clinical conditions. The research was designed as a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of nurse technicians working in intensive care units specializing in cardiovascular surgery (70 participants) and nurse technicians working under regular clinical conditions (70 participants) at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Dedinje," Belgrade, Serbia. To evaluate the manifestation of burnout syndrome at work, the analysis uses the Serbian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). To examine the variances in the average sub-scores for burnout within two groups of medical technicians, the study used Two Independent Samples T-test. The statistically noteworthy differentiation was ascertained for emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, but this does not hold true for depersonalization. However, the mean score values across the different burnout levels (low, moderate, high) are similar in two cohorts of respondents (p > 0.05). This study will serve as an impetus for a policy reform focused on ameliorating working conditions and improving healthcare workers' satisfaction and overall healthcare quality.

The role of fellowship experience in decreasing burnout for child abuse pediatricians

BackgroundCompassion fatigue and burnout are important issues within the medical field, and may be an even bigger problem for Child Abuse Pediatricians (CAPs). While the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) mandates educational activities focused on burnout and resilience, there is currently minimal data to inform the choice and implementation of these activities. ObjectiveOur objectives were to: determine the availability and perceived usefulness of educational activities related to burnout and resilience available in CAP fellowships; and explore the relationship between fellowship activities and burnout. Participants and settingSurveys were distributed in 2016 to 133 participants in CAP fellowships since 2006. MethodsBurnout risk was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory — Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of burnout as measured by the MBI-HSS with specific educational activities. ResultsOf 133 eligible individuals, 85 (64 %) responded. Of these, 40 (53 %) scored in the high-risk range for at least 1 of the three subscales. Activities perceived to be most useful in addressing burnout were: multidisciplinary team interactions, time spent with the team outside of work, and faculty/trainee one-on-one mentorship. Educational activities were only weakly associated with addressing burnout as measured by the MBI-HSS. ConclusionsModerate or high levels of burnout are present in a large proportion of practicing CAPs and more than one-third of participants felt that the quality of burnout training in fellowship did not meet their needs. These data support the need to more effectively address burnout education within the training experience of CAP fellows.

Mental health of general practitioners in Chongqing, China during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesIn the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, general practitioners (GPs) continue to face unprecedented challenges that affect their mental health. However, few studies have assessed the mental health status of...

The occupational burnout among medical staff with high workloads after the COVID-19 and its association with anxiety and depression

ObjectiveAfter the end of COVID-19, medical staff were immediately faced with a high workload, leading to widespread occupational burnout. This study aims to explore the level and influencing factors of burnout among medical staff during this period, as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression.MethodsThe participants’ levels of burnout were assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated through Cronbach’s α and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson analysis were employed to determine the correlation between two sets of variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant factors influencing burnout. Finally, nomograms were used to predict the probability of burnout occurrence.ResultsThis study collected a total of 1,550 questionnaires, and after excluding 45 questionnaires that were duplicates or incomplete, a sample of 1,505 (97.1%) participants were included in the final statistical analysis. Both Cronbach’s α and the fit indices of CFA demonstrated excellent adaptability of the Chinese version of MBI-HSS in this study. The overall prevalence rates for emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and diminished personal accomplishment (PA) were 52.4, 55.3, and 30.6%, respectively. Obtaining psychological support, health condition, relationship with family members, and insufficient sleep were identified as common contributing factors to burnout among medical staff. Additionally, age and promotion pressure were also associated with burnout among doctors, and exceeding legal working hours was an important factor for nurse burnout. The C-index for the nomograms predicting burnout among doctors and nurses was 0.832 and 0.843, respectively. Furthermore, burnout exhibited a significant linear correlation with anxiety and depression.ConclusionAfter the end of COVID-19, medical staff in high workload environments were facing severe burnout, which might lead to anxiety and depression. The occupational burnout of medical staff needed to be taken seriously and actively intervened.

Attitudes toward death and burnout syndrome in geriatrics and gerontology healthcare personnel

IntroductionGeriatric and gerontology healthcare workers are associated with a series of psychosocial risks such as death, bereavement and illness, and this implies a significant emotional and work overload, which can lead to negative attitudes toward death. ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to assess attitudes toward death, the level of burnout and the relationship between geriatrics and gerontology professionals. MethodA correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted, in which the 42 participants in the sample completed an online questionnaire including the Revised Profile of Attitudes to Death (PAM-R) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). ResultsThe results obtained show that the predominant attitude toward death in the sample is that of neutral acceptance, and with regard to burnout syndrome, moderate average levels are found in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, but a low level of depersonalisation. ConclusionHealthcare workers with attitudes of greater fear of death or acceptance of escape tend to experience higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, as do those with an attitude of death avoidance, who also have lower personal fulfillment.

Workload and GP burnout: a survey and register-based study in Danish general practice.

Burnout is common among GPs. Previous studies have indicated an association between high workload and burnout among doctors. To assess the risk of burnout among single-handed GPs in Denmark in relation to self-reported and register-based workload. Questionnaire data from 312 Danish single-handed GPs and register data on their patients and provided services. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). A composite burnout score of quartile points was calculated. The questionnaire provided information on working hours. Register data included number of services and patient list size. Association between composite burnout score and workload was estimated with binomial regression analyses adjusting for the GP's age and sex, and social deprivation score of their patient lists. Working >5 days a week in practice increased the risk of a high burnout score (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.62 to 3.37). Spending >7.5 hours a day on patient-related tasks increased the risk of a high burnout score. The highest score was among GPs spending 8.5-9.5 hours a day on patient-related tasks (adjusted RR = 2.01, 95% CI = 0.90 to 4.51), although not statistically significant. There was no association between number of services and risk of burnout. Working 5 days a week in practice significantly increased the risk of burnout in Danish single-handed GPs. Spending >7.5 hours a day on patient-related tasks tended to increase the risk. We found no association between a high number of services and increased risk of burnout.

Workplace wellbeing among health care workers providing HIV services in primary care in Johannesburg: a mixed methods study.

Burnout among Health Care workers (HCWs) impacts on provider-patient relations and quality of care. Anova Health Institute (Anova) is a large South African non-profit organization and PEPFAR/USAID implementing partner. We conducted a study among HCWs providing HIV-related services in primary care settings in Johannesburg, South Africa, to examine levels of burnout, understand factors affecting workplace wellbeing, and explore strategies to prevent burnout. We used a sequential mixed-method approach. Data were collected between February and April 2022. The first phase consisted of a survey using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to measure levels of burnout. We then interviewed a subset of survey participants to understand the experiences that may affect wellbeing. We used descriptive statistics to quantify burnout rates for each MBI dimension (emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization). Qualitative data analysis was guided by the Job Demands-Resources Framework that explores the interactions between demands and resources in the workplace. Survey findings (n = 194) revealed that although depersonalization rates were low at 6%, 21% of participants had high emotional exhaustion and 24% reported low professional accomplishment. Less than half (41%, n = 80) had scores in the high category for any one of the three MBI-HSS dimensions. The MBI-HSS dimensions differed significantly by type of work and job title. Roving positions (HCW working in more than one health facility) were more likely to experience higher emotional exhaustion and lower professional accomplishment. Qualitative findings (n = 25) indicate that a number of job demands, including high workload, inadequate mental health support, and challenging relationships with stakeholders, had a negative effect on HCWs' wellbeing. However, finding meaningfulness in their work, working as a team, and practicing autonomy were experienced as resources that reduced the negative effect of these demands. While measured burnout syndrome rates were low, various experiences negatively impacted at least one in five HCW. We identified key resources that provided buffering against workplace stressors. We recommend that as well as addressing key drivers of burnout, access to these resources should be fostered, for example by strengthening interventions that offer recognition, and promoting team interactions through social activities and support groups.

Differences in Burnout Aspects in Croatian Nursing Students – A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a growing concern among nursing students, potentially impacting their academic success and future professional performance. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of burnout syndrome in Croatian nursing students and examine the associations between burnout and demographic features (age, gender, year of study, part-time or full-time study). Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 423 nursing students from the University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Rijeka. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); MBI human services survey was used to assess burnout levels. Results: Nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Rijeka, experienced higher burnout levels than those at the University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb (χ2 = 10.214, ss = 2, p = 0.006). Significant associations were found between burnout levels and age, gender, year of study, and enrolment status. Specifically, younger students, female students, and full-time students reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion (EE). 2nd-year students reported lower EE than their first and 3rd-year peers. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing the unique needs and stressors faced by different subgroups of nursing students. Tailored interventions and support systems are essential for alleviating burnout and promoting well-being in nursing students. Further research, including longitudinal studies, is required to better understand burnout progression and to inform the development of effective strategies for reducing burnout in nursing education.

Burnout study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand: psychometric evaluation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed (1) to determine the psychometric properties of a Thai version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS [MP]) and (2) to examine the mean scores of burnout and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Forward and back translations of the MBI-HSS (MP) questionnaire were performed. The Thai version was subsequently completed by 682 Thai physicians and nurses who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the first subsample (n = 341) by conducting Kaiser Mayer-Olkin sampling adequacy measurement and Bartlett’s test of sphericity whereas confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the second subsample (n = 341) using fit indices of the normed chi-square (χ2/df), the comparative fit index, the Tucker–Lewis index, and the root mean square error of approximation. This version’s internal consistency was investigated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Demographic profiles were evaluated with descriptive and analytical statistics. Results The Thai version of the MBI-HSS (MP) displayed good psychometric characteristics, as the Cronbach’s alpha values of the 3 burnout factors ranged from 0.843 to 0.945. The CFA also showed good fit indices (χ2/df = 4.473; P < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.075 (95%CI = 0.055-0.079); CFI = 0.946; and TLI = 0.936). The physicians’ mean EE, DP, and PA scores were 25.28 ± 13.27, 7.15 ± 6.11, and 36.83 ± 8.13, respectively, whereas The nurses’ mean EE, DP, and PA scores were 23.10 ± 14.14, 4.43 ± 5.06, and 35.67 ± 10.24, respectively. Healthcare professionals who were younger, single, had fewer years of practice, and had more working hours per week tended to express more burnout scores. Conclusions The Thai version of the MBI-HSS (MP) demonstrates good psychometric properties in assessing burnout among healthcare professionals. Several factors may be pivotal in intensifying burnout.

Burnout Syndrome and Associated Factors Among Health Care Professionals Working in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia

Burnout is a mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion that affects many healthcare workers. However, there is a lack of information in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout syndrome and identify the associated risk factors among healthcare professionals in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 251 health workers at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey was used to assess burnout (MBIHSS). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential determinants of burnout syndrome among the participants. A total of 251 healthcare professionals were included in this study making a response rate of 99.2%. The prevalence of burnout syndrome among healthcare professionals was 15.1% (95% CI [10.8, 19.9]). Being male (AOR = 3.22:95% CI [1.17, 8.87]), lack of interest in their profession (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.84, 6.02]), experiencing physical violence (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI [1.32, 9.36]), unsatisfied with their job (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI [1.46, 11.90]) were variables found to be significantly associated with burnout syndrome. Burnout is a major problem among working in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital healthcare professionals. Being male, having no interest in their job, having physical violence, and not being satisfied with their job contributed to burnout syndrome. Interventions to increase interest in there in their job, improve physician-patient relationships, provide safer workplace environments, and increase job satisfaction may be promising strategies to reduce burnout syndrome.

Guided self-help mindfulness-based intervention for increasing psychological resilience and reducing job burnout in psychiatric nurses: A randomized controlled trial.

The present study aimed to explore the effects of a guided self-help mindfulness intervention on psychological resilience and job burnout among psychiatric nurses. Psychiatric nurses work in challenging and potentially high stress settings. Mindfulness interventions can improve psychological resilience and reduce job burnout of nurses. However, face-to-face delivery of mindfulness interventions may be inconvenient for individuals. Guided self-help interventions may be more accessible. This randomized controlled trial was conducted from January to August 2022. One hundred and eighteen psychiatric nurses were randomized into the intervention and control groups. The individuals in the intervention group received an 8-week guided self-help mindfulness intervention, while the individuals in the control group received a psycho-educational brochure. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey were used to evaluate the levels of mindfulness, psychological resilience and job burnout, respectively. After an 8-week intervention, compared with the control group, the levels of mindfulness and psychological resilience were higher, while the level of job burnout was lower in the intervention group. The guided self-help mindfulness intervention can improve psychological resilience and reduce job burnout among psychiatric nurses.

Exploring the relationship between burnout and emotional intelligence among academics and clinicians at King Saud University

BackgroundAcademics and clinicians are exposed to significant workload pressures and are at a high risk of stress and burnout.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the relationship between burnout and emotional intelligence (EI) by comparing and corelating burnout and EI scores among academics and clinicians against several factors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, academics and clinicians at King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City and Affiliated Hospitals were invited to complete anonymous questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software for descriptive studies, group comparisons, regression analyses, and Pearson's (r) correlation tests.ResultsStudy participants included 126 individuals (men = 65, 51.6%; women = 61, 48.4%). Of these, 65% were Saudi nationals and 35% were expatriates, and 76 were academics while 50 were clinicians. The mean (minimum to maximum) burnout total score was 55 ± 18.9 (8 to 97) and the global TEIQue-SF score ranged between 2.8 and 6.7 (5.04 ± 0.7). Burnout scores varied between departments and were higher among younger participants and non-Saudis. Age had a small direct correlation with self-control (r = .17, p = .05), and there was no statistically significant correlation with other EI factors. However, there was a moderate inverse correlation between age and emotional exhaustion (EE) (r = -0.33, p < 0.0001), and a small inverse correlation with depersonalization (DP) (r = -0.21, p = 0.02). T-tests demonstrated a statistically significant difference in EI factor "emotionality" among Saudis (5.2 ± .8) and non-Saudis (4.9 ± .8) (t124 = 2.2, p = 0.03), and for burnout subscales, there was a statistically significant difference in DP among Saudis (6.4 ± 4.8) and non-Saudis (8.5 ± 5.6), (p = 0.03). Moderate (r = -0.3, p = 0.01) and weak (r = -0.2, p = 0.05) negative correlations were found between EI factors and burnout subscales (EE, DP).ConclusionThis study confirmed an inverse relationship between burnout and EI scores among academics and clinicians. The findings suggest the need for introducing measures and implementing a system for early detection of burnout among staff and providing support to enhance EI and requisite care for those undergoing burnout episodes.

Job burnout on subjective wellbeing among clinicians in China: the mediating role of mental health.

Although job burnout and mental health difficulties are prevalent negative influences on clinicians' subjective wellbeing (SWB), there are few investigations into their relationships. This research investigates the mediating role of mental illness in the association between clinicians' SWB and job burnout in China. This study used the data collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in China. Using convenience sampling, we conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among clinicians in a tertiary hospital in Shandong Province from August to September 2019. The 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (Chinese version) and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult assessed job burnout and SWB. The Chinese short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-C21) assessed mental health. We also collected data on participants' sociodemographic characteristics and job-related factors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the associations between variables. Among the 422 participants, 80.8% of the participants reported at least one symptom of job burnout, whereas 5.7% reported all three symptoms of burnout. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 40.3, 41.7, and 24.9%, respectively. Only 12.8% of the participants had high level of SWB. In mediation analysis, job burnout is positively associated with mental illness (β = 0.809, P < 0.001), mental illness had a significant negative association with SWB (β = -0.236, P = 0.013), and a negative association between job burnout and SWB was significant (β = -0.377, P = 0.002). Mental illness played a partially mediated role in the association between job burnout and SWB (indirect effect = -0.191, 95% CI: -0.361∼-0.017), and the mediating effect of mental illness can explain the 33.6% of the total effect of job burnout on SWB. This study provides evidence that the effect of job burnout on SWB is partially mediated by mental illness among clinicians in China. Medical administration departments and hospital administrators should pay close attention to the job burnout and mental health of clinicians, so as to effectively improve the SWB of clinicians.