Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey Research Articles

Evaluation of a Well-being Promotion (WelPro) Program on Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) Student Burnout

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the Well-being Promotion (WelPro) program and its effect on burnout in Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) students at the University of California, San Francisco. MethodsA longitudinal cohort study evaluating the WelPro program was conducted in the class of 2021 (Transformation, a 3-year all-year-round curriculum, and Pathway (P), a 4-year traditional curriculum) APPE students. The primary and secondary aims were to evaluate changes in emotional exhaustion (EE) scores from the beginning of year (BOY) to end of year (EOY) for the class of 2021 students and compare EOY EE scores between the classes of 2021 (P) and 2020 (P) students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS [MP]) survey. Independent and paired t tests were used to evaluate EE scores; Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney rank sum test were used to evaluate ordinal data. ResultsEvaluable survey response rates were 69.6% BOY and 57.7% EOY for the class of 2021 students and 78.7% EOY for the class of 2020 (P) students. No differences in EE scores were observed for the matched class of 2021 from BOY to EOY and between classes of 2021 (P) and 2020 (P) students. ConclusionWelPro did not change EE scores for class of 2021 APPE students. Given multiple confounding factors in the study, additional studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of such a program on APPE student burnout.

Exploration of Lived Experiences and Measurement of Burnout Among US Clinical Research Nurses.

The aims of this study were to explore the experiences of US clinical research nurses supporting the conduct of clinical trials before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess dimensions of burnout among these nurses using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. Clinical research nurses are a subspecialty of nursing that supports clinical trial conduct. Postpandemic clinical research nurse well-being, including indicators of burnout, has not been established. A cross-sectional descriptive study via online survey was conducted. A sample of US clinical research nurses scored overall high for the Maslach category of Emotional Exhaustion, moderate for Depersonalization, and moderate for Personal Achievement. Themes included together or apart, rewarding but challenging, and surviving or thriving. Supportive measures such as workplace appreciation and consistent change communication may benefit clinical research nurse well-being and reduce burnout during times of unpredicted crisis and beyond.

Correlates of burnout in predoctoral dental students in the United States.

The purpose of this research was to investigate correlates of burnout among predoctoral dental students in the United States. All 66 dental schools in the US were invited to distribute a survey on topics such as demographics, year of dental school, and burnout to their predoctoral students. Burnout was assessed via the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, which has three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Multivariable modeling was conducted via generalized linear models using the lognormal distribution to adjust for confounding. The survey was completed by 631 students from 21 dental schools. When adjusting for confounding, students identifying as African American/Black (Non-Hispanic) (regression coefficient [95% CI]: -0.13 (-0.23, -0.02]) or Asian/Pacific Islander (-0.08 [-0.13, -0.02]) reported feeling significantly lower PA than students identifying as white. Students identifying as female reported feeling significantly greater EE (0.18 [0.10, 0.26]), but significantly less DP (-0.26 [-0.44, -0.09]), than students identifying as male. Third- (0.28 [0.07, 0.50]) and fourth-year (0.40 [0.17, 0.63]) students reported significantly higher EE than first-year students, while second- (0.40 [0.18, 0.62]), third- (1.06 [0.59, 1.53]), and fourth-year (1.31 [0.82, 1.81]) students reported significantly higher DP than first-year students. Risk indicators for burnout among US predoctoral dental students may depend on the dimension of burnout. Identifying those at higher risk of burnout can facilitate the implementation of counseling and other effective intervention strategies. Such identification can also provide insight into how the dental school environment might be contributing to the marginalization of those at higher risk.

Risk of burnout and depression: A survey of veterinary anaesthesia specialists in-training during COVID-19

ObjectiveTo investigate risk, risk factors and effects on adherence to adequate clinical standards, of burnout and depression in veterinary anaesthesia residents. Study designClosed online cross-sectional survey study. Study populationA sample of 89 residents registered to the European and/or the American Colleges of Veterinary An (ae)sthesia and Analgesia out of a total of 185. MethodsA link to access an online questionnaire, which included the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), the Harvard National Depression Screening Day Scale (HANDS) and 28 questions developed to assess adherence to adequate clinical standards, was sent by email to 185 residents. The three components of the MBI-HSS namely emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were analysed separately. Analysis of proportions and two-step regression statistical modelling were used for data analysis, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. ResultsThe response rate was 48%. Based on HANDS and MBI-HSS scores, 49% of the residents were at high risk of both depression and burnout. These residents expressed greater concern of delivering inadequate animal care (p < 0.001), of decreased quality of supervision during COVID-19 (p = 0.038) and of negative impact of the pandemic on their training programme (p = 0.002) than residents at low-to-moderate risk. Working in a clinical environment for ≥ 60 hours/week was a risk factor for both depression (p = 0.016) and EE (p = 0.022), while female sex was a risk factor for EE only (p = 0.018). Conclusions and clinical relevanceA large proportion of residents is at high risk of depression and burnout, a scenario likely worsened by the pandemic. The findings of this study suggest that reducing the clinical workload and increasing the level of support and supervision may help to improve residents’ mental health.

Burnout and job stress of anesthesiologists in the tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China: A cross-sectional design.

Our purpose was to assess job stress and burnout among anesthesiologists in the tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China, analyze the possible causes and adverse consequences of increased job stress and burnout of anesthesiologists in this region, and put forward suggestions in combination with the current national policies. We sent 500 electronic questionnaires to all anesthesiologists practicing in the tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China from 1960 to 2017 on April 2020. A total of 336 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and could be used for analysis. Burnout and job stress were assessed by using the modified Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. First, as for emotional exhaustion, the situations of anesthesiologists with different working years and workloads are different with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Second, as for depersonalization, the situations of anesthesiologists with different ages, professional titles, working years, physical health status, and workload are different (P < 0.05). Third, as for personal accomplishment, the situations of anesthesiologists with different physical health status are different (P < 0.05). Finally, the regression results showed that the longer the fatigue working years and the worse the physical health of anesthesiologists in Northwest China, the more likely these two factors were to cause burnout (P < 0.05), as for job stress, there was a negative correlation between job stress and physical health status (P < 0.05). Burnout and high job pressure are common among anesthesiologists in tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China. We should focus on the allocation of labor intensity, pay attention to the physical and mental health of employees, establish targeted incentive mechanism, and improve the system of promotion and income rises for grassroots doctors. This may be not only conducive to the quality of medical care for patients but also conducive to the development of anesthesiology in China. Identifier: ChiCTR2000031316.

Psychosocial model of burnout among humanitarian aid workers in Bangladesh: role of workplace stressors and emotion coping

BackgroundWhile trauma exposure is an established predictor of poor mental health among humanitarian aid workers (HAWs), less is known about the role of psychosocial work-related factors. This study aims to establish a psychosocial model for burnout and psychological distress in HAWs that tests and compares the effects of adversity exposure and workplace stressors in combination, and explores the potential mediating role of individual coping styles.MethodsPath analysis and model comparison using cross-sectional online survey data were collected from full-time international and local HAWs in Bangladesh between December 2020 and February 2021. HAWs self-reported on exposure to adversities, workplace psychosocial stressors (Third Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), coping styles (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey), and psychological distress (Kessler-6).ResultsAmong N = 111 HAWs, 30.6%, 16.4%, 12.7%, and 8.2% screened positive for moderate psychological distress (8 ≤ Kessler-6 ≤ 12), emotional exhaustion (EE ≥ 27), depersonalization (DP ≥ 13), and severe psychological distress (K-6 ≥ 13), respectively. 28.8% reported a history of mental disorder. The preferred model showed distinct pathways from adversity exposure and workplace stressors to burnout, with negative emotion-focused coping and psychological distress as significant intervening variables. While greater exposure to both types of stressors were associated with higher levels of burnout and distress, workplace stressors had a stronger association with psychological outcomes than adversity exposure did (β = .52, p ≤ .001 vs. β = .20, p = .032). Workplace stressors, but not adversities, directly influenced psychological distress (β = .45, p ≤ .001 vs. β = −.01, p = .927). Demographic variables, task-focused and avoidance-focused coping were not significantly associated with psychological outcomes.ConclusionsCompared to exposure to adversities, workplace stressors primarily influenced occupational stress syndromes. Reducing workplace stressors and enhancing adaptive coping may improve psychological outcomes in humanitarian staff.

PREVALENCE OF BURNOUT AMONG POSTGRADUATES IN A GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, VISAKHAPATNAM CITY USING MBIHSS SCALE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Visakhapatnam during the month of October- November 2020 among a sample of 100 randomly selected Postgraduates of all professional years with an objective to estimate the prevalence of burnout among medical postgraduates and to study the factors associated with burnout. The study tool used was the Modied Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey which assesses three core aspects of burnout Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization &amp; Personal Accomplishment. Data was collected using google forms after obtaining informed consent. Results obtained in the study showed the mean age of study participants was 26.3 ± 1.88 years and 66.2% of them were females, 85% were unmarried. Considering the disciplines, 23% belong to Pre and para-clinical disciplines whereas 77% belong to clinical disciplines, and 67%,16%, and 17% were from the 1st, the 2nd, 3rd, and professional years respectively. It was observed that 48% of study participants are at very severe risk of burnout and 48% of postgraduates have emotional exhaustion,19% have depersonalization and 43% have a lack of personal accomplishment. There is a signicant association with no. of working hours and burnout. Clinical departments have burnout which was found to be Statistically Signicant

Burnout Among Nurses During the Covid-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Burnout is a global phenomenon. The prevalence of burnout among nurses in Indonesia is around 60%. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patient visits to the Public health centre has increased. This study aims to describe burnout in nurses at the Public health centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The population is 40 health centre nurses using a sampling technique that is the total population. This study used the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) as an instrument with final validity test values ranging from -0.701 to 0.966 and a reliability test of 0.83. Data analysis uses univariate analysis, which is shown in the form of a frequency distribution. Almost all respondents experienced moderate burnout, as many as 34 nurses (85%). Based on the burnout dimension show that the dimensions of emotional exhaustion are 27 nurses (67.5%), the dimension of depersonalization is 31 nurses (77.5%), and the dimension of achievement decline is 29 nurses (72.5%), mostly in the medium category. The high burnout of Public health centre nurses will affect the performance of nurses in providing nursing services to patients. The impact of the pandemic has also become a source of stress for nurses in providing services. The possibility of nurses coming into contact with asymptomatic COVID-19-infected patients is substantial. This becomes a burden for nurses in providing services. Keywords: Burnout, Covid-19, Health Centre, Nurse, Pandemic

Burnout in South Asian rheumatologists in the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey

Physician burnout is recognized as a global crisis and an epidemic. However, burnout in rheumatology is an understudied phenomenon. We explored the prevalence of physician burnout among rheumatologists from South Asia in the peri-pandemic period (2021-2022). Rheumatologists from Asian countries were invited to participate in an anonymized, validated, and pilot-tested e-survey via social media platforms from December 2021 to April 2022. Demographic information, social aspects (marital status, income, vacation time, daily exercise), substance abuse, EHR (electronic health record) use, and years in practice were obtained. In addition, burnout was estimated using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS) in three domains: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA), and intergroup comparisons were made using independent t test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS v27. Of 146 respondents who participated in the survey, 134 belonged to Asian nations. The highest number of respondents was from Pakistan (56/134, 38.36%), followed by India (49/134, 33.56%). Slightly more respondents were male, 75 (51.4%), than females, 71 (48.6%). Over two-thirds of our respondents (99/134, 67.8%) reported burnout in at least one domain. Notably, we found statistically significant increased depersonalization scores in males. (P < 0.05). Females scored significantly higher on the following items: #5 (I feel I treat some patients as if they were impersonal objects), item# 10 (I've become more insensitive toward people since I took this job and item#22 (I feel patients blame me for some of their problems) (P < 0.05). We found differences in monthly salaries among South Asian (1484 ± 2717 USD) and non-South Asian respondents (5672 ± 8874 USD) (P < 0.01). A substantial proportion of rheumatologists in our survey report burnout, suggesting a felt need to introduce organizational measures to prevent and mitigate burnout and preserve the rheumatology workforce.

The Burnout and Professional Deformation of Latvian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Traumatology and Orthopaedics Hospital

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis, which has created an additional burden on the healthcare system and has caused enormous stress and emotional burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs). The purpose of the study is to investigate the phenomena of emotional burnout and the professional deformation of HCWs. The emotional burnout phenomenon of the HCWs was studied using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey. In addition, the Professional Deformation Survey, based on scientific literature and research works, was developed. The survey consisted of 4 subscales distinguishing: aggression, authoritarianism, demonstrativeness, and conservatism. The survey results showed a high level of emotional exhaustion, a medium level of depersonalization, and a low level of personal achievement reduction. The Professional Deformation Survey showed good reliability for the whole sample in all four subscales. Results of the professional deformation study revealed that 29% of respondents manifest aggression while performing their professional activities. Authoritarianism can be observed in 18% of respondents, demonstrativeness in—31%, and professional deformation manifested as conservatism in—22% of HCWs. Data obtained on burnout and the professional deformation of the HCWs proves that the healthcare system and health organizations have reason to be concerned about the mental well-being of HCWs and the quality of healthcare service provision.

Emotional distress and burnout at a fever clinic in China: Comparison between different periods of COVID-19.

Frontline healthcare workers (FHWs) experienced psychological stress and heavy workload during COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the psychological symptoms and occupational burnout of FHWs in a fever clinic during different periods of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey of FHWs in the fever clinic of a tertiary hospital was carried out during both the outbreak period and regular period of COVID-19. Psychological measurement instruments including Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, the 9-Question Patient Health Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were used to evaluate anxiety, depression, burnout, and self-efficacy, respectively. The correlation between clinical variables was explored. A total of 162 participants were involved in this study, including 118 FHWs during the outbreak period (Group 1) and 44 FHWs during the regular period (Group 2). Anxiety symptoms were more prevalent in Group 2 (x 2 = 27.477) while depressive symptoms were significantly more prevalent in Group 1 (x 2 = 69.538). Burnout rate was higher in Group 2 (x 2 = 29.526). Self-efficacy was higher in Group 1 (t = 3.194). Burnout was positively correlated with anxiety symptoms (r 2 = 0.424) and negatively correlated with self-efficacy (r 2 = -0.312). Anxiety, depressive symptoms and burnout were prevalent in FHWs during different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a tendency to be less depressed, but more anxious and burned out over time, although the severity of the pandemic is decreasing. Self-efficacy may be an important factor in protecting FHWs from occupational burnout. Support and intervention plans for FHWs should be made at the institutional level.

Enhanced-youth transition planning: An innovative practice change with transition-age youth involved with child welfare in a rural setting

This article presents Enhanced-Youth Transition Planning (E-YTP), an innovative child welfare workforce practice change for transition-age youth (TAY) involved with child welfare services from five rural jurisdictions in the State of Maryland. We describe the practice change from services as usual for TAY, including training and coaching needs for the child welfare workforce. This study presents quantitative and qualitative data assessing the impact of the E-YTP practice change on the workforce. A total of 36 supervisors and foster care workers participated in the study. The Professional Quality of Life and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey were given to the workforce at four time over a four year period. Findings suggest an increase in burnout and secondary traumatic stress (for the PQL) and an increase in emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (for the MBI-HS). Focus group and interview findings suggest that the workforce endorses E-YTP. The workforce felt that the practice change made their work with TAY feel more meaningful, was a necessary practice change for TAY, and that E-YTP worked well in preparing youth for a successful exit from child welfare. We discuss implications for workforce practice changes with TAY in a rural setting, adaptations for the COVID-19 pandemic, and the need for ongoing supervision and coaching for the workforce.

Improving the mental health and well-being of healthcare providers using the transcendental meditation technique during the COVID-19 pandemic: A parallel population study.

Frontline Healthcare provider (HCP) burnout has dramatically increased due to the COVID 19 pandemic. Hospitals are supporting wellness programs and techniques to reduce burnout including the Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique. This study evaluated the use of TM on HCP symptoms of stress, burnout and wellness. A total of 65 HCPs at three South Florida hospitals were recruited and instructed in the TM technique which they practiced at home for 20 minutes twice a day. A parallel lifestyle as usual control group was enrolled. Validated measurement scales (Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey [MBI-HSS (MP)] and the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well Being Scale (WEMWBS) were administered at baseline, 2 weeks, one and three months. No significant demographic differences were seen between the 2 groups; however, some baseline scales were higher in the TM group. TM average weekly session completion rate was very high at 83%. After 2-weeks, symptoms of somatization, depression, and anxiety in the TM group had all shown near 45% reductions, while insomnia, emotional exhaustion, and well-being had improved by 33%, 16%, and 11% respectively (P = 0.02 for somatization and < .001 for all others); no significant change was noted in the LAU group. At 3-months, in the TM group, the improvement in symptoms showed a mean reduction of in anxiety, 62%, somatization, 58%, depression, 50%, insomnia, 44%, emotional exhaustion 40%, depersonalization, 42%, and improvement of well-being 18% (for all p<0.004). P-values for between-group differences in change from baseline, based upon repeated measures ANCOVA covarying for baseline measurements, showed significance for all scales at 3-months. The study confirmed the reported significant and rapid benefits of the practice of TM and demonstrated its positive psychological impact on healthcare workers in a high stress setting.

Pediatric residents’ burnout in Indonesia: a national survey during the pandemic

Background The uncertain and somewhat chaotic clinical learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic may potentially trigger burnout in pediatric residents.&#x0D; Objective To investigate the prevalence of burnout in pediatric residents in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify potential risk factors associated with burnout.&#x0D; Methods This analytic observational study was conducted between April and June 2020. A questionnaire-based survey using an Indonesian translation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was conducted online across 15 pediatric training institutions treating COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. Results were interpreted in accordance with the inventory guidelines. The chi-square test was used to analyze for possible associations between each subscale and gender, marital status, training stage, as well as institution of origin. One-way ANOVA of each subscale was performed on pediatric training institutions located in different regions.&#x0D; Results Of 983 respondents (82% average response rate), the prevalences of high emotional exhaustion and high depersonalization were 28.0% and 15.8%, respectively, while more than half of respondents (50.2%) had a low sense of personal accomplishment. Most respondents felt more exhausted than depersonalized. The location of pediatric training institution (Java or outside Java) was the only significant factor associated with burnout (P=0.003).&#x0D; Conclusion In the early stages of the pandemic, more than half of pediatric residents in Indonesia had a low sense of personal accomplishment. The only significant factor associated with burnout among was the location of training institution (Java or outside Java), suggesting a potential role of differences in hospital situation and clinical learning environment during the pandemic between Java and outside Java.

Study of burnout and depressive symptoms in doctors at a central level, state hospital.

Doctors are at high risk of burnout, which has far-reaching consequences on an individual and organisational level. Several studies have shown an association between burnout and depression. This study aimed to determine the rate of burnout and depressive symptoms among doctors, as well as factors associated with both conditions. Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and defined as the total score of high emotional exhaustion (≥ 27 points) + high depersonalisation (≥ 13 points). Individual subscales were analysed separately. Depressive symptoms were screened using the Patient-Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and a score of ≥ 8 was deemed indicative of depression. Of the respondents (n = 327 for burnout and n = 335 for depression), 46.2% screened positive for burnout, whilst 53.73% screened positive for depression. Factors associated with increased burnout risk were younger age; Caucasian race; internship and/or registrarship; the discipline of emergency medicine; and having a prior psychiatric diagnosis of depressive and/or anxiety disorder. Factors associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms were females; younger age; being an intern, medical officer or registrar; disciplines of anaesthetics and obstetrics and gynaecology; having a prior psychiatric diagnosis of depressive and/or anxiety disorder; and family history of psychiatric disorder. A high rate of burnout and depressive symptoms was determined. Although there is an overlap between the two conditions in terms of both symptomatology and risk factors, specific risk factors were determined for each in this population. This study highlighted the rate of burnout and depressive symptoms experienced by doctors at the state level hospital necessitating individual and institutional interventions to address this.

Prevalence of Burnout in Healthcare Workers of Tertiary-Care Hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Two Central European Countries

COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented strain on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout in hospital employees during a prolonged pandemic-induced burden on healthcare systems. An online survey among employees of a Czech and Slovak university hospital was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022, approximately when the incidence rates peaked in both countries. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was applied. We obtained 807 completed questionnaires (75.1% from Czech employees, 91.2% from HCWs, 76.2% from women; mean age of 42.1 ± 11 years). Burnout in emotional exhaustion (EE) was found in 53.2%, depersonalization (DP) in 33%, and personal accomplishment (PA) in 47.8% of respondents. In total, 148 (18.3%) participants showed burnout in all dimensions, 184 (22.8%) in two, and 269 (33.3%) in at least one dimension. Burnout in EE and DP (65% and 43.7%) prevailed in physicians compared to other HCWs (48.6% and 28.8%). Respondents from COVID-19-dedicated units achieved burnout in the EE and DP dimensions with higher rates than non-frontline HCWs (58.1% and 40.9% vs. 49.9% and 27.7%). Almost two years of the previous overloading of healthcare services, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in the relatively high prevalence of burnout in HCWs, especially in physicians and frontline HCWs.

Factors associated with burnout among hospital-based healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional CRACoV-HHS study.

To assess the prevalence of burnout and associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) working in a hospital admitting patients with COVID-19. Burnout among HCWs is related to age, gender and occupation. However, little is known about organisational factors associated with burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study of 1412 hospital HCWs (748 nurses) was carried out via online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic between 4 and 19 January 2021. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, the Checklist Individual Strength questionnaire, the interRAI items covering mental health, the WHO questionnaire items assessing HCWs' preparedness and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were used. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to clarify factors associated with emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). This study adheres to the STROBE guidelines. Burnout prevalence varied from 10.0% to 22.0%. Most respondents (83.6%) reported low PA, 22.9% high EE and 18.7% high DP. Nurses and physicians had the highest levels of EE and DP. Staff exposed or uncertain if exposed to contaminated patients' body fluids and materials had higher levels of burnout. Preparedness (training) (b=1.15; 95%CI 0.26 to 2.05) and adherence to infection prevention and control procedures (b=1.57; 95%CI 0.67 to 2.47) were associated with higher PA, and accessibility of personal protective equipment (PPE) (b=-1.37; 95%CI -2.17 to -0.47) was related to lower EE. HCWs working in wards for patients with COVID-19 reported lower EE (b=-1.39; 95%CI -2.45 to -0.32). HCWs who contracted COVID-19 reported lower DP (b=-0.71, 95%CI -1.30 to -0.12). Organisational factors such as better access to PPE, training, and adherence to infection prevention and control procedures were associated with a lower level of burnout. Healthcare managers should promote strategies to reduce burnout among HCWs with regard to preparedness of all staff.

Trajectories of burnout and psychological well-being among psychotherapists during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results of a 1-year prospective study.

The main goal of this study was to investigate the trajectories of the changes in burnout and subjective well-being (SWB) among psychotherapists in relation to social support, self-efficacy, sociodemographic, and work-related factors, with additional control for the subjectively experienced Covid-19 related distress. This study was carried out over a 1-year period during the critical time of the Covid-19 pandemic. We reached 226 Polish psychotherapists, of which 207 psychotherapists (91.6%) participated in all three measurements. The participants completed the following measurements: the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic, work-related factors and Covid-19 related distress. Several trajectories were observed for both burnout and SWB, which were differently associated with the level of social support, self-efficacy, and sociodemographic and work-related factors. We did not find a significant relationship between Covid-19 related distress and the inclusion of either burnout or SWB trajectories. This study calls for greater interest in the psychological health of psychotherapists. More specifically, our findings may entail some implications for the practice of psychotherapy by creating customized intervention programs to reduce burnout and enhance well-being in this specific occupation.

Association Among Workplace Spirituality, Spiritual Well-Being, and Spiritual Care in Practice With Multiple Mediators for Clinical Nurses.

Spiritual care helps individuals encounter the transcendent meaning of their crises. However, nurses report various barriers to providing spiritual care in clinical settings. To facilitate spiritual care among nurses, a more comprehensive understanding of this field is needed. This study was conducted to establish a path model for multiple factors predicting spiritual care among nurses working in hospitals. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The participants were 370 nurses with more than 6 months of experience working in general hospitals in South Korea. The measures used in this study were nursing workplace spirituality, a spiritual well-being scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, a scale for compassionate care, a general self-efficacy scale, and spiritual care in practice. Path analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0, and SPSS Amos, version 20.0. Workplace spirituality and spiritual well-being predicted higher spiritual care in practice by sequentially mediating burnout and compassionate care. This study suggests that nurses' spiritual care can be increased via the development of specific strategies focused on enhancing the nursing work-place spirituality of hospital organizations, promoting individual spiritual well-being and compassionate behavior, and reducing burnout among nurses. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2023;54(2):89-96.].

Burnout, Resilience, Supervisory Support, and Quitting Intention among Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Arabia: A National Cross-Sectional Survey.

A cross-sectional survey was distributed to a convenience sample of HCPs between April and November 2022. Participants responded to socio-demographic questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS (MP)), the Connor-Davidson resilience scale 10 (CD-RISC 10), and the Perceived of Supervisor Support Scale (PSS). Descriptive, inferential, correlation, and logistic regression tests were performed for data analyses. Of the 1174 HCPs included in the analysis, 77% were presented with high burnout levels: 58% with emotional exhaustion (EE), 72% with depersonalization (DP), and 66% with low personal accomplishment (PA). Females were associated with increased odds of burnout (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.04-2.06) compared to males. Burnout and its subscales were associated with higher intention to leave practice, with 33% of HCPs considering quitting their jobs. Furthermore, HCPs reported a low resilience score overall, and negative correlations were found between EE (r = -0.21; p < 0.001) and DP (r = -0.12; p < 0.01), and positive correlation with low PA (r = 0.38; p < 0.001). In addition, most HCPs perceived supervisory support as low, and it is associated with increased burnout and quitting intention. Burnout is common among HCPs across all clinical settings and is associated with higher intention to quit and low resilience and supervisory support. Workplace management should provide a supportive workplace to reduce burnout symptoms and promote resiliency.