al-Aqsa Mosque Research Articles

THE OTTOMANS AND AL-AQSA MOSQUE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY ACCORDING TO THE OTTOMAN SIJILLS OF THE SHARI'A COURT IN JERUSALEM SIJILL NO. (62) AS A MODEL

This scientific paper aims to identify the scientific and intellectual status of the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque during the Ottoman rule in the sixteenth century, through delving into the intensified data included in one of the Ottoman sijills of the shari'a court in Jerusalem, namely sijill no. (62) that covers the year 991 AH / 1583-84 AD, since it contains information of high importance pertaining to the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque. Those documents vary and include the following : 1) The various functions of the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque, such as endowment watch, religious lessons, sheikhdom, guardianship, serving the Dome of the Rock, notification and call for the prayer at the entrance of the mosque. 2) The endowment lease. 3) Transfer of endowment money. 4) Endowments. 5) Almsgiving. 6) Aljawali. 7) Wakf AlRaba’at (The Quran case). 8) The inheritance of neighbors. It is noteworthy to mention the pioneering role of the Ottoman state through its keenness to finance the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque and taking care of its welfare to keep its role in worshiping, holding seminars and religious tourism. The rigorous paper will conclude with results and recommendations reached by the authors. ‎ Key words: The Ottoman Sijills of The Shari'a Court In Jerusalem, The Endowments of The Blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque, The Royal Raba'a.

THE JEWS AT JERUSALEM IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY ACCORDING TO THE OTTOMAN SIJILLS OF THE SHARI'A COURT IN JERUSALEM SIJILL NO. (28) AS A MODEL

This scientific paper aims to identify the conditions of the Jews of Jerusalem during the Ottoman period in the sixteenth century, through delving into the intensified data included in one of the sijills of the Shari’a Court of Jerusalem, namely Sijill no. (28) Covering the period (27 Rabi` al-Awwal 961 AH/March 2, 1554 AD - Muharram 13, 962 AH / December 7, 1554 AD), since it contains documents of great importance on Jews. Those documents vary, and include criminal and legal issues, and financial transactions, such as: debts, promissory notes, purchasing and selling transactions, buying and selling deals pertaining to houses in the "Jewish Quarter" in the old city of Jerusalem, which was a residence for all people and demoniations. This study also sheds light on the leading role of the Ottoman state in monitoring the Jews, in accordance with the Ottoman law, in light of the of Rights and Duties law in force at the time. The paper concludes with the results and recommendations reached by the authors of this rigorous scientific paper will be presented, the most important of which is the Ottoman state's keenness to prevent Jews from approaching the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque under all circumstances, and the Al-Buraq (Western) Wall in particular, which is not mentioned in any sijill at all. Key words: Sijills of the Sharia Court of Jerusalem, Jews in Jerusalem.

Analysis Protection of the Right to Freedom of Religion in Prohibition of Worship at Al Aqsa Mosque by Israeli Police to Palestinians

Palestinian Muslims complied with the clerics' call for a boycott by not entering the Aqsa Mosque compound on 2017 instead of protesting outside the compound of the shrine. The action comes after Israel tightened security by installing metal detectors into the compound after an attack that killed two policemen. As a result of this boycott, the aqsa mosque complex is very quiet. There are very few tourists and visiting Jewish visitors. Meanwhile, Muslims choose to perform the Prayers and rally outside the Haram al-Sharif Complex which includes the Dome of and the Aqsa Mosque. Hundreds of pilgrims perform Dzuhur prayers outside the main gate to the complex. Meanwhile a number of protesters held a similar demo in the same location. They shouted concerns over Israeli policy. But the authorities immediately drove them away. According to reports received by foreign media, a number of Palestinians were injured in the clash. In the local Israeli television station broadcast show, riot police beat and kicked the protesters who were mostly Palestinian Muslims. Once closed, the Israeli authority’s re-open access to the Aqsa Mosque in 2017. However, visitors must go through a series of security checks, including metal detection. A number of surveillance cameras and guard posts are positioned at several access points within the Aqsa Mosque complex. Before the closing of the Aqsa Mosque caused the Palestinian Muslims to be forced to perform the Friday prayers on the streets outside Jarusalem's walls. It was the first time in 50 years, the Aqsa Mosque and all road access leads to the mosque is closed to the public. This study is Intended to analyze the prohibition of workship practices in Al Aqsa Mosque In the perspective of human rights and freedom of religion.

The Religious Symbolism of Al-Aqsa Mosque and its role in Motivating Muslims to Liberate Bayt al-Maqdis from the Crusaders

يحتل بيت المقدس مركزاً متميزاً عند المسلمين وأهل الكتاب؛ فهو مكان استقرار للكثير من الأنبياء، أو عبور للكثيرين منهم، كما أنه حظي باهتمام كبير من قبل المسلمين فهو معراج النبي ﷺ إلى السماء، إضافة إلى وجود المسجد الأقصى بما فيه من الجامع الأقصى وقبة الصخرة وغيرهما من الآثار الإسلامية. ونظراً لما حملته هذه المدينة من تلك الدلالات الرمزية العميقة، فقد تعرضت لتهديدات كثيرة عبر مراحل تاريخها، مما دفع بالمسلمين للدفاع عن مقدساتها التي تخص جميع الحضارات، وخاصة بعد تعرضها لهجمات الصليبيين الذين دنسوها، وعملوا على تغيير ملامحها، دون احترام قدسيتها لدى جميع الديانات. تأتي أهمية هذه الدراسة من كونها ستلقي الضوء على هذه الأماكن المقدسة، وكيف تعامل المسلمون مع أصحاب الديانات المختلفة، وحفظوا لهم آثارهم المقدسة واحترموها، ثم المقارنة ما بينهم وبين الصليبيين، الذي اغتصبوا الأرض ولم يحترموا مقدسات هذه المدينة التي كانت مميزة لدى جميع الأديان، وفي نهاية البحث تم مناقشة كيف نجح المسلمون بقيادة صلاح الدين بتحرير هذه الأرض.

Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Night Journey in the Qur’an and the Books of Tafsir

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع المسجد الأقصى ورحلة الإسراء في ضوء القرآن الكريم وكتب التّفسير المختلفة، وقد وضع الباحث -من النّاحية المنهجيّة- ثلاثة معايير التي على أساسها وقع اختيار كتب التّفسير محلّ الدّراسة، والتي شملت 70 كتابًا من كتب التّفسير الرّائجة والمعروفة، بين بسيطٍ ووسيطٍ ومختصرٍ، حيث شمل البحث أربعة مباحث أساسية؛ وهي: التّسميات التي أطلقت على المسجد الأقصى المبارك وموقع المسجد ومكانته، في حين تحدّث في المحور الثّاني عن البناء والتّأسيس، واشتمل المحور الثّالث على موضوع "البركة" ودلالاتها، وفي الأخير تناول البحث أثر الرّواية التّوراتيّة على بعض تأويلات المفسّرين في كتبهم، وخُتم البحث ببعض الخلاصات المهمّة.

SITUS HINDU PRA-ISLAM: MENCARI TITIK TEMU ANTARA TOLERAN ATAU INTOLERAN SUNAN KUDUS DAN GENERASI MUSLIM KUDUS

This study aims to explain that ancient buildings inherited by Hindus in pre-Islamic Kudus have been preserved until now as a form of tolerance that needs to be studied. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of field. The data collection technique is done through interviews, observation, and literature deepening. The results showed that the Kudus City of Central Java has a specific site, namely the Langgar Bubrah building, in which there are phallus and yoni as temple characters. However, the perfect name of the building to be immortalized is Sanggar Bubrah, not Langgar Bubrah. Likewise, at the building point of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, Menara Kudus, there was a pure with evidence of two kori (pure entrances) in the foyer and inside Al-Aqsa Mosque. Sunan Kudus forbids Muslims from slaughtering cows (as a tribute to Hindus) which is still preserved today.

ارض مقدسہ کے قرآنی آثار اور مولانا ڈاکٹر سیدشیر علی شاہ مدنیؒ کے مشاہدات کا مطالعہ

Ardhe-e-Quran (The Land and Nation in the Quran) is one of the major parts of Quranic studies which means the description of those lands or nations in the Quran which have been traveled and observed. The Shariah scholars of the Muslim world whether classical or contemporary have made these observations of “Ardhe-e-Quran”. In this regard, the scholars of India have also made a significant contribution. Travel of the pass-outs of Jamia Dar-ul-Uloom Haqqania to these places and cities is also a part of this series. Especially Maulana Sher Ali Shah has lived in Arab countries and then he has made a regular journey to these places mentioned in the Qur'an. He observed Qur'anic places from Baitullah to Baitul Muqaddas.His travelogues, especially regarding Syria, contain useful information. The land of Syria is the blessed land, here is Jerusalem, in which Allah Almighty has created spiritual and spiritual charm when Maulana Dr. Sher Ali Shah visited this blessed city. He toured the city and observed the Quranic places. Maulana Dr. Sher Ali Shah went on Hajj by land on foot in 1966. After receiving permission from the embassies of Iran, Jordan, and Iraq, he reached Haramain on his way. After entering Iraq on January 2, 1967, he arrived in Baghdad, stayed there, and toured historical sites, then went to Jerusalem and observed the holy places there. The golden impressions of this journey, the observations of the historical places and the details of Hajj he has written under the title of “Chand din Masjid Aqsa ki Fidhaon me (A few days in spiritual surroundings of Al-Aqsa Mosque)" and "In the luminous surroundings of the Harmain". In these journeys, He also observed the land of the Qur'an and the holy places, besides ancient libraries and Makhtootat. Maulana Dr. Saeed-ul-Haq Jadoon and Mufti Bakht Shaid have written a two-volume book on the life and services of Maulana Sher Ali Shah Madani entitled "Maulana Sher Ali Madani: Life and services”. In this book, Maulana Dr. Saeed-ul-Haq Jadoon has written a separate chapter on the “Observations and research on Ardh-e-Quran by Dr. Sher Ali Shah”. In which Maulana Sher Ali Shah Madani has given a detailed discussion on these observations. In this regard, the researcher has intended to enlighten his analytical study on the topic of Ardh-e-Quran.

Https://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/251

This research aims to collect the suspicions of the Jewish orientalist Ishaq Hassoun about the Al-Aqsa Mosque, as this Orientalist raised several suspicions about the hadiths mentioned in its virtues, claiming falsely and slanderously that the Al-Aqsa Mosque is in the heavens and not on the earth, and that the hadiths mentioned in its virtues are fabricated and that they are derived from Jewish origins. In addition to other suspicions that need a sober scientific response, and through this research, I reached the orientalist’s throwing of suspicions without evidence, and his interpretation of the texts according to his whims, and his blatant ignorance of the hadith texts due to his confusion between the correct and the subject, and the suspended and suspended, and concluded the research, then concluded the research With the most important findings, recommendations and a list of references.

The Popular Role in Defending al-Aqsa Mosque: Ribat as a Model

تعد حركة الرباط في المسجد الأقصى المبارك من أبرز الوسائل الشعبية التي اجترحها الفلسطينيون خلال السنوات الأخيرة للدفاع عن المسجد الأقصى. وقد أدت -ولا تزال- بصورها المختلفة، دورا ملحوظا في عرقلة المشاريع التهويدية التي تهدف إلى تقسيم المسجد الأقصى المبارك زمانيا ومكانيا، فضلا عن إبقاء قضية بيت المقدس والمسجد الأقصى حاضرة على الأجندة الوطنية والعربية والإسلامية. تسعى هذه الورقة لتسليط الضوء على هذه التجربة وتوثيقها بدراسة ظروف انطلاقها، ومسيرتها ودورها كفعل مقاوم سلمي في الدفاع عن المسجد الأقصى وتثبيت إسلاميته وحصرية الحق الإسلامي فيه، وطرق الاحتلال في محاربتها كواحدة من الأمثلة المعبرة عن دور القوى الشعبية في معركة الدفاع عن المسجد الأقصى.

Historical Narratives on Reconstruction of al-Aqsa Mosque in Early Islam

The aim of this paper is to examine historical accounts related the first demarcating re-construction of al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem after Islam. It focusing on the differences between the early and later sources by examining the early and later Islamic narratives and sources and the available non-Islamic sources. This research attempts to find some explanation behind the differences between the early and later sources. Through the analysis of the early sources, the author also discusses and analyses the views of some modern researchers who have dealt with some of these issues.

Problematika Etis Penyalahgunaan Dana Bantuan Mengatasnamakan Kemanusiaan

The protracted conflict between Israel and Palestine until now, heated up again after the incident at the Al Aqsa Mosque, made many sympathetic people to raise aid funds, using the momentum in this incident. Misuse of aid funds in the name of Palestine is likely to occur, with the phenomenological method of seeking information on various social media with events that occur in the community, so that the misuse of aid funds in the name of Palestine is reduced and can be distributed properly. regents, can make fundraising activities right on target and carried out with clear reports to the community in their management.

Negative Impoliteness and Reconstruction of Identity: Cyberpragmatics Analysis of Palestinian Conflict News Comments on Arab Youtube Channel

This study aims to explain the negative impoliteness in the comments on the news of the Palestinian conflict on the Arab Youtube channel. This descriptive qualitative research took the source of data in the form of 5 news of the attack on the Al-Aqsa mosque complex by the Israeli military on the Al Jazeera youtube channel as a data source. The internet archive documentation technique and free-of-conversation listening technique were used at the data collection stage. Meanwhile, the identity method by referring to the stages of qualitative analysis was used as a guide in data analysis. The researchers found 310 negative impoliteness speeches consisting of 5 types: frighten found at 17 speeches (6%); condescend, scorn or ridicule at 113 speeches (36%); invade the other’s space at 72 speeches (23%); explicitly associate the others with negative aspect at 97 speeches (31%); put the other’s indebtedness on record at 11 speeches (4%). The negative impoliteness has a context in the form of criticism of the political policies of Arab countries in responding to the Palestinian conflict. Speakers seek to construct a new community identity for Arab countries in the context of fighting against the Israeli occupation of Palestine.

The impact of historic building toward regional sustainability: Case study Menara Kudus, Indonesia

Menara Kudus area marks the beginning of Kudus City, Central Java, Indonesia. The area is famous for its many historic buildings, including Menara Kudus, Al Aqsa Mosque, the traditional Kudus house, and Sunan Kudus tomb complex. Menara Kudus area is an area visited by pilgrims and tourists. In addition, there are many “pesantren” in the surrounding area that make this area never look deserted. Economic development thrives around the area but doesn’t necessarily change physical setting. This study was designed to describe the impact of historic buildings in Menara Kudus area on the sustainability of the surrounding area. The method used in this research is qualitative interpretive descriptive, which analyzes field data using 3 aspects of sustainability which is economic, social and environmental fields. The analysis phase is carried out through 3 stages. The first stage is the explanation and description of historic buildings around the Holy Tower. The second stage, discuss and describe the economic, social, and environmental aspects around the Menara Kudus. The third stage, interpretation to see the impact toward surrounding area. The results of this study show there are significant influence between historic buildings and the sustainability of the area, especially on the economic aspect. Crowds of pilgrims and tourists visiting the Menara Kudus area make economic activity in the surrounding area flourish. Likewise, with the presence of “santri” from outside the Kudus area which is in the vicinity of Menara Kudus. The existence of a institution that manages the Mosque, the Tomb, and Menara Kudus and the Kudus Cultural Heritage Team makes this area neatly arranged so that it supports the sustainability of the region.

MANUSCRIPTS OF THE ISLAMIC LIBRARIES IN JERUSALEM

This scientific paper aims at exploring Islamic manuscripts in the Jerusalem libraries. The researcher has reached to the conclusion that those manuscripts are distributed over seven libraries in the city , namely, those of Al-Aqsa mosque, Al-Khaldiya, Budairi, Uzbeki, Al-Quds university, Isaaf Nashashibi for culture, art and literature as well as the library of the Reviving Heritage and Islamic Research Foundation in Jerusalem (Mithaq). While three of these libraries are family-owned, the other four are public and belong to the charitable Waqf. These libraries currently contain seven thousand manuscripts of seventeen thousand ones priorly existed under the Ottoman rule. This paper seeks to probe reasons behind the disappearance of this large number of the manuscripts. However, the manuscripts existing in each library will be discussed in some detail and will be categorized by the century in which they were authored or transcribed, theme ( number of manuscripts tackling a certain theme and by language they are written in. It is worth mentioning that Arabic is the dominant language, albeit Turkish, Persian and Uzbek are also used. The paper concludes with some recommendations for the sake of preserving the remaining manuscripts via inciting both private and public relevant institutions to exert efforts in this regard.

The Scientific Methods of Recording and Documenting Archaeological Artifacts: An Analytical Study of Some Examples from the Album of Al-Aqsa Mosque - Jerusalem

The Scientific Methods of Recording and Documenting Archaeological Artifacts: An Analytical Study of Some Examples from the Album of Al-Aqsa Mosque - Jerusalem

The Comparison of the Paris and Istanbul Manuscripts of Mirajname

Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was sent on a journey from al-Haram mosque in Mecca to al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, this night journey is called al-Israh. During this journey, the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ascended to heaven. The Ascension of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) is called Miraj. The night of the Ascension or al-Isra wal Miraj is a great honor bestowed by the Almighty upon the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) alone, during Miraj, the Prophet (p.b.u.h) witnessed miracles beyond the comprehension of men, and was shown rewards corresponding to the deeds of men... Prophet Muhammad saw the Inhabited House or the heavenly Al-Ka'ba, as well as Paradise, Hell and Arsh and many more. Miraj is one of the most famous events in the history of Islam and one of the most important themes in classical Oriental literature. The works devoted to this event are called Mirajnamae. The Mirajnames generally refer to the same theme, but differ from each other in detail and wording. This article is dedicated to the comparison of the Paris and Istanbul manuscripts of the Turkic Mirajnamae. The article analyzes the differences in the Uyghur and Arabic manuscripts from a textual point of view.

Artificial Homosapien: Exploring the Classical Inventions of Robotics in Human History


 
 
 One of the uniqueness of man between the Angels, Jinn, and the brute animals is the development of our Brain and to use knowledge to conquer nature. Such ingenuities are borne out of the Classical Theories of Robotics and Drones, and the making of artificial Homosapien to reach places where humans cannot survive such as in space, underwater, terrible heat, clean up, containment of hazardous materials, and radiation and detection and deactivation of bombs. This study explores the etymology of robotics in helping humanity domestically, commercially, militarily, and in embarking on research. It traces the threshold to the period of King Solomon (970 B.C. – 932 B.C.), a Prophet, King, Judge, Knowledgeable, Wealthy, Wise, and Powerful that speak the language of humans, jinn, animals, birds, insects, ants, and others. The study unveils how King Solomon inspired contemporary robotics, through the control the wind to fly the first airplane; used the jinn to build monuments, and Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem; and to acquire gold, brass, copper, and other minerals for wealth from the sea; and controlled birds for courier services and explore other territories. In narrative form, this investigation exposes how the concept of modern robots are developed in the Classical Times of the Islamic Empire between 7th and 16th Centuries, as inspired by King Solomon. Apart from juxtaposing how robots help in human labor, the study concludes that the artificial humans are of great benefits to humanity in exploring nature and to complement in management of human and material resources that replaces the factors of production in the new age of economics.
 
 

Halal Tourism in the Perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith and Maqashid Syari'ah

Tourism has enormous benefits in Islam and even has a positive impact on One's faith. Tourism is a part of maqashid syari’ah, which consists of preserving religion, soul, reason, descent (honor), and property. Tourism can even be covering all of these aspects of this maqashid because it is supported by the texts of the Qur'an and the Hadith, which show the virtues and benefits of the tour. By conducting a literature study, verifying data, and interpreting the author using a descriptive analysis approach, it was found that tourism is a part of being related to all aspects of sharia maqashid, which have been done by previous peoples. Islam recommends pilgrimages to three places, namely Haram Mosque, Nabawi Mosque, and Aqsa Mosque. Islam also has signs in travel for Muslims and also for non-Muslims who enter Muslim territory. Non-Muslims come to Muslim countries not to commit immoral acts like those done in their countries. Still, they want to enjoy the beauty of nature and know the culture that exists so that Muslims do not need to provide facilities that are prohibited in Islam to support tourism.

التأصيل للمصطلح والمفهوم النبوي "بيت المقدس": الحاجة لإعادة إحياء هذا المصطلح الإسلاميالتأصيل للمصطلح والمفهوم النبوي "بيت المقدس": الحاجة لإعادة إحياء هذا المصطلح الإسلامي

Selecting the terminology is as important as creating concepts which represent the first nucleus and cornerstone in building perspectives from which the process of change emerges. On the other hand, the negligence of this pivotal and essential aspect leads to deficiencies and disastrous effects on community awareness and its preparatory process for change. Consequently, it is of utmost importance in the stage of knowledge-based preparation for the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis (Islamicjerusalem) from the current occupation, to ground and root the concept and the prophetic terminology “Bayt Al-Maqdis”. As well as clarifying what is meant by this concept and term as a first foundational intellectual step for the upcoming liberation plan for this blessed and Holy Land. Thus, the key objective of this article is namely to ground the term and prophetic concept of “Bayt al-Maqdis,” and to clarify the need to revive this Islamic terminology. To achieve this goal, this article is divided into two parts; the first part discusses the origin of the name “al-Quds” and what is meant by it and its geographical boundaries in our current time, followed by discussing the origin of the term “Bayt al-Maqdis,” and how a new prophetic concept and term “Bayt al-Maqdis” was established with its sacred religious boundaries. The article presents the linguistic evidence from Arabic lexicons for the designation of the names “al-Quds” and “Bayt al-Maqdis,” the English translation of Bayt al-Maqdis to Islamicjerusalem and its consequences, and the importance of distinguishing between “Bayt al-Maqdis” and “al-Bayt al-Muqaddas” and identifying the meaning of the names associated with the Al-Aqsa Mosque and its compound. As for the second part of the article, it presents the urgent need for liberating the terminology and restoring its Islamic historical and geographical identity, thorough reviving the prophetic terminology used by the Messenger of God (PBUH), and clarifying the reasons that make the term “Bayt al-Maqdis” one of the best, most comprehensive, deepest, broadest and strongest terms. As well as the need for Muslims to use it and disseminate it. The discussion is then concluded by highlighting examples of the institutionalisation of the revival of the prophetic term “Bayt al-Maqdis” that has been commenced by the Academy of Islamicjerusalem Studies since 1990 worldwide.

THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION AFTER 9/11 INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation based on the concept of the Ummah (Nation) in Quran. They established in 1969 due to Arab Israel wars and aggression on Al-Aqsa Mosque. OIC is the second largest International Organization representing 57 Muslim Countries and the spokesman for the 1.5 million Muslims, where they highlight their problems and develop cooperation and coordination. After 9/11, great change noticed when the war against International Terrorism began and indirectly Muslim Ummah targeted under the shadow of war for peace. In this situation, OIC could serve as an important platform to project an image of the Muslim World and its dynamics at the international level. In this paper discuss the post on 9/11 global politics and the role of OIC. And the OIC strategy with the member states promoting Islamic Unity and International Peace and Security. OIC reviewing the goals through human rights mechanism and support of moderation and modernisation. The research conducted that the Organization of Islamic Cooperation has failed in protecting the requisite demands for Peace and Security within the prevalent International dynamics.