Wedding Expenses Research Articles

Marriage squeeze in the Loess Plateau Region, Northwestern China: A case study of two villages

The quest for spouses among rural men in China has become increasingly arduous, resulting in a growing number of older bachelors. However, the mechanisms driving the marriage squeeze in underdeveloped rural areas remain poorly understood. This study analyzes time-series data from 70 marital unions across 58 households in two geographically distinct villages in the Loess Plateau Region of China. The results indicate that marriage expenses and the subsequent financial burden on the bridegroom's household increased substantially from 1969 to 2018, particularly in the most recent decade, while the bride's household received the majority of marriage-related income. There has been an overall increasing trend in economic pressure induced by marriage expenses in both villages since 1979. A cohort of older bachelors has emerged in the hilly village, where rural males traditionally marry women from more remote, underdeveloped areas. Conversely, rural males in the tableland village can consistently find spouses from comparable geographical settings and have not yet emerged as older bachelors. This study concludes that the marriage squeeze manifests as dual pressures from economic and living conditions, and excludes economically disadvantaged males in harsh environments from the marriage market within the context of rural out-migration and the sex ratio imbalance.

Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana: A Closer Look

Savings are paramount in personal finance and economic stability serving as a cornerstone for financial security, goal achievement, and long-term prosperity. By cultivating a habit of saving, individuals can establish a safety net to navigate through emergencies, pursue aspirations such as home ownership or entrepreneurship, and secure a comfortable retirement. Moreover, savings enable individuals to reduce debt burdens, capitalize on investment opportunities, and counteract the erosive effects of inflation, thereby fostering financial independence and resilience. Additionally, accumulating savings empowers individuals to leave a legacy of generational wealth, ensuring the financial well-being of future generations. In essence, savings not only provide a buffer against unforeseen circumstances but also pave the way for realizing dreams, seizing opportunities, and building a brighter future. To promote the savings among the people, the government through banks and post offices offers various savings schemes including fixed deposits, recurring deposits, savings accounts, and government-backed schemes like Public Provident Fund (PPF), National Savings Certificate (NSC), and Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP). The Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) stands out among various savings schemes due to its focus on securing the financial future of the girl child in India. The scheme allows parents or guardians to open an account for their girl child below the age of 10, offering a competitive interest rate and tax benefits. Contributions to the account can be made until the child reaches the age of 15, with partial withdrawals allowed for specific purposes such as education and marriage expenses. By keeping all these in mind, this research paper is an attempt to discuss about the features, benefits, eligibility and trend and growth of SSY in terms of Account opening and amount deposited. The trend and growth of SSY has been analysed for a period of 9 years from 2014-15 to 2022-23 by using Compound growth rate technique. The result revealed that there is a positive trend in SSY in terms of number of accounts opened and amount invested.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 전세보증금 미반환 이슈와 의미 네트워크 분석

This study aims to identify the social issues and implications of non-return of Jeonse deposits by analyzing media articles related to non-return of Jeonse deposits. For this purpose, topic modeling analysis and keyword network analysis were conducted on 6,024 media articles over 10 years provided by Bigkinds. The main findings are as follows First, a total of eight topics were categorized, named “Jeonse market and loans,” “Jeonse tenants and auctions,” “Non-return of Jeonse deposits and Jeonse fraud,” “Government policy and real estate,” and “Conflict over Jeonse deposits as wedding expenses.” The eight topics were further grouped into four groups: “Jeonse and loans,” “Non-return of Jeonse deposits,” “Real estate policy,” and “Wedding expenses and Jeonse deposits”. The main keywords were “Jeonse”, “deposit”, “fraud”, “loan”, and “housing”. Based on the above analysis, we were able to empirically confirm that the issue of non-return of Jeonse deposit has recently emerged as a social problem represented by 'Jeonse fraud', and this study is significant in showing the possibility that the social interest triggered by 'Jeonse fraud' can develop into a more comprehensive discussion on non-return of Jeonse deposit.

Criminal charges in marriage from the perspective of positive law in Indonesia

Charges of violating family law are one form of reform of marriage law that was never previously regulated. Muslim countries have different legal provisions against charges for violations of this family law. This research uses the literature method and normative juridical approach by examining library data as the source. Primary data sources used in this research are books, laws, court decisions, legal theories and opinions of jurists related to family law charges, and previous studies such as relevant research. This research aims to determine the legal provisions regarding charges for family law violations. The results of the discussion and research explain that not all countries have legal provisions regarding charges in violation of this family law, and the legal provisions regarding these charges vary from one country to another. In general, the legal charges are related to violations of various issues surrounding marriage, such as underage marriage, forced marriage, prevention of marriage permitted by sharia law, prohibited marriage, marriage registration, out-of-court marriage, dowry, marriage expenses, polygamy, divorce, maintenance, treatment of wives, women’s rights after divorce, and inheritance rights from spouses and families.

Upaya Hukum Untuk Menjerat Tindakan Pelaku Perselingkuhan dalam Perspektif Hukum Adat Dayak Ngaju

The problem that occurs is a legal vacuum regarding the regulation of sanctions that can be imposed on perpetrators of infidelity through national law. In the Dayak indigenous communities of Central Kalimantan, Dayak customary law is strictly enforced, but it is still not widely known. This research uses empirical qualitative research type, conducted by visiting the Kedamangan Institute in Central Kalimantan and the Dayak Customary Council (DAD) in Central Kalimantan. This can complement national legal efforts before the implementation of the national law of the Criminal Code Bill for the Ngaju Dayak community in Central Kalimantan. Legal efforts made to ensnare perpetrators of infidelity are broken promises which are the most serious legal remedies that can be done by the indigenous people of the Ngaju Dayak tribe. They believe that the oath taken on Basarah Adat will be serious for those who dare to lie. They may be short-lived, unlucky and suffer from continuous illness for themselves and their offspring and siblings. The customary Dayak Ngaju sanctions imposed on perpetrators of infidelity are to pay twice the value of the customary marriage (dowry) of the confiscated spouse, pay shame compensation for the legal family of the female partner, pay compensation for marriage expenses for the legal couple, and pay the peace of the party.

Are high marriage expenses delaying age at first marriage? Evidence from Chinese rural migrant men

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the paper is to discover the dynamic features of rural men's age at first marriage, and to explore impacts of marriage expenses on men's age at first marriage in rural China amid a rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition.BackgroundGiven the rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition, changes in rural men's marriage timing and its influencing mechanism in China are emerging but remain under examined.MethodThe data were collected by the New Urbanization and Sustainable Development research group from Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2018 (n = 1,391). Regression models were used to explore the influence of men's marriage expenses and regional economic factors on their age at first marriage.ResultsThe relationship between squared total marriage expenses of rural migrant men and their age at first marriage shows as a U‐shaped curve. Conjugal matching, family, premarital migration, and regional economy play important roles for rural men entering their first marriages.ConclusionCompared with the age‐appropriate married men, the early and late married men tend to have higher marriage expenses. Men with more economic resources are capable of seizing high‐qualified women at a younger age, whereas men with less economic resources need to pay more for their first marriage at an older age. Fathers' lower social class and regional economy significantly delay men's age at first marriage.ImplicationsThis study reveals marriage expense is another important factor influencing men's first marriage entry in rural China and provides a clue to solve difficulties of rural men getting married, especially in societies with ongoing rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition.

Financial Contribution in the Malay Community's Wedding Expenses from a Sharia Perspective

The cost of wedding expenses nowadays is increasing due to the desire of people who dream of a luxurious wedding coupled with the increasingly challenging economic situation. If these expenses are not managed properly with a strong wedding expense management strategy, they can have a number of consequences, such as problems with taking on debt before marriage to cover wedding expenses. When people practise helping each other out financially, as Islam encourages, this problem can be lessened. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the custom of giving financial aid to people who are paying for wedding expenses from an Islamic viewpoint. This study discovered that there are two types of financial contributions that take place, namely contributions by spouses and also contributions by family members, through the method of face-to-face semi-structured interviews online with 20 informants who have finished conducting wedding ceremonies from peninsular Malaysia. The male partner's contribution before becoming a husband can help the partner learn how to carry out his role as the family's primary provider. Giving charity to the family is a practise that includes contributions from family members and is strongly encouraged in Islam. The study's findings are anticipated to assist the community in prioritising the practise of making such financial donations in an effort to lessen the burden of high wedding costs.

Gender and the rural–urban divide: family wealth and first marriage among young adults in China

Abstract In recent decades, owing to rapidly rising marriage expenses, family wealth has gained importance in regard to one’s first marriage. Nevertheless, little is known about how family wealth shapes first marriage in China, where gender and the rural–urban divide affect marriage practices. Drawing on six waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies, I used discrete-time hazard models and a prospective research design to examine the link between family wealth and the subsequent first marriage of young adults aged 16–40 years, and to identify how this link varies by gender and hukou status. The findings indicate a strong positive association between household total asset value and first marriage for rural men and women, and urban men. They also show that ownership of major household assets was positively associated with men’s first marriage, but not with that of women. However, household savings were more predictive for rural women’s first marriage, compared to that of rural men. Family wealth inequality provides a new lens for understanding the marriage patterns of young adults in China. Gendered marriage practices and family wealth arrangements may contribute to women’s disadvantaged positions in wealth possession and accumulation and result in the perpetuation of gender inequality.

Busting the Silos of “Global” Scholarship

Busting the Silos of “Global” Scholarship

Wedding Custom Procedures of Wawonii People in Waworope Village, Wawonii Utara Sub-District of Konawe Islands Regency, The Province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

This research aims to describe and analyze the wedding custom procedures of Wawonii people in Waworope Village, Wawonii Utara Sub-District, Konawe Islands Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The theory used to analyze the data in this research is theory of Structural Functionalism put forward by Brown (1955). According to the researchers, this theory can be used as a tool or instrument to dissect problems related to the customary marriage procedures of the Wawonii people in Waworope Village, Wawonii Utara Sub-District, Konawe Islands Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study uses qualitative data types with ethnographic methods to understand the reality of research problems. Sources of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is field data collected directly from research informants. While secondary data were obtained indirectly from research informants, but through the results of documentation, photographs and literature studies related to the research title on the marriage traditional ceremony of Wawonii people in Waworope Village, Wawonii Utara Sub-District, Konawe Islands Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Data collection techniques in this research used ethnographic methods to collect field data. Data analysis in this research was carried out using emic and ethics. The results of this research showed that wedding traditional ceremony for Wawonii people in Waworope Village, Wawonii Utara Sub-District, Konawe Islands Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province consist of five stages, namely: (1) Melamasi (Tracking); namely the initial process in a series of marriage customs for Wawonii people; (2) Mompepanga (Proposal)); which is done after melamasi process is complete. At this stage the groom and bride sit together with the customary chief to determine the amount of the dowry, the need for the reception, and the time for the marriage contract to be held; (3) Tinasuka (Determination of dowry); where at this stage, the dowry is a gift given by the groom to the bride as a form of appreciation for the woman who will be his wife; (4) Kutika (Determination of an auspicious day for marriage contract; which is carried out after receipt of the proposal. and the provision of dowry and wedding expenses. Setting a good day for a wedding, namely considering a good day according to traditional leaders and local village priests; and (5) Mompakawi (Conducting marriage contract; which is the core process of a marriage so that it is legally religious and customary.

A High Price to Pay: Weddings and Waithood in Cambodia

Young people across the globe are increasingly likely to experience waithood—a prolonged period between adolescence and adulthood. Simultaneously, marriage expenses are on the rise. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Cambodia, this article examines the relationship between the commercialisation of weddings and waithood. I argue that the high cost of weddings puts intense strain on many rural Cambodian families. Under economic conditions in which it is difficult to secure a stable and lucrative livelihood, young men often struggle to raise sufficient funds for bridewealth, and may delay marriage and the transition into adulthood as a result. As their life trajectories take on new temporalities, young men’s relationships with their elders can grow tense. By focusing on intergenerational dynamics, this article provides a deeper understanding of how rising marriage expenses and waithood shape not only the lives of young people but those of their family members as well.

Antecedents of Wedding Expenditure Management: A Document Analysis

Objective - This paper seeks to unravel the element of wedding expenditure in Islam and to present the concept of wedding expenditure management that is encouraged by Islamic law. Methodology/Technique - This qualitative study employs document analysis methods through data collection from scholarly writings in the field of family management. Data will be analysed based on content analysis methods and presented in an organised manner through thematic methods. Finding - This study found two important features outlined by Islam in managing the early preparations of weddings; and three concepts of spending for the purpose of wedding preparation. Previous research has concentrated on the reality of Malay society's marriage spending behaviour. Previous research has demonstrated the necessity for a guideline to lessen the financial load that today's youths endure. Novelty - This study presents the Malay Muslim community with a better and effective management of wedding expenditure as encouraged by Islam. The notion of wedding expenditure management promulgated by Islam is a structured expenditure approach that may be applied by all communities, particularly the Malays, who have a variety of traditions and cultures that involve a variety of expenditure requirements. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Wedding Expenditure; Wedding Expenses; Wedding Management JEL Classification: D69, H53, J12.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

Religious Concerns of Dowry and Marriage Gifts Regarding Determination of their Limits: Study of Malaysian law

In 2010, the Islamic religious department of a state in Malaysia issued a fatwa, which ruled that the dowry rate in the state would be regulated at a minimum value of RM300, with no indication of a maximum amount. In this instance, the community appears to be more concerned with the function of the provision of gift money, which is used solely to fund wedding expenses, rather than with the potential of dowry, which plays a more significant role for women. While this research does not challenge the fatwa’s decision, it does attempt to elucidate the issue of determining the minimum dowry rates from the perspective of fiqh and the Islamic Religious Administration Enactment. The library technique and inductive reasoning are by far the most often used ways of data collection by the author. On the whole, dowry has no specific limit while there are opinions of scholars on this, the setting of this dowry restriction, in particular, was never specified by Islām. People in the community misinterpret the meaning of the minimum and maximum limits, which leads to the low dowry and the high importance given to the provision of gift money.

Wedding Expenditure Management according to Islamic Perspective

A wedding ceremony has been celebrated merrier from time to time. The changes of lifestyle in modern society have transformed the celebration of the new millennium wedding ceremony with the emergence of various forms of culture and the latest trends. Such celebration will affect the cost of expenses that need to be provided by the individual who wants to get married according to the current style and trends. Poor preparation in marriage expenditure management will impact the couple's financial management problems. While in reality, Islam is never against for Muslims to spend for marriage. However, the expenditure should follow the Islamic guidelines. Thus, this paper seeks to unravel the element of wedding expenditure in Islam and to present the concept of wedding expenditure management that is encouraged by Islamic law. Keywords: Wedding Expenses, Wedding Expenditure, Wedding Management.

Female labour force participation and dowries in Pakistan

AbstractDowries are prevalent in South Asian countries, despite legal bans. Theoretical studies suggest that increasing women's financial contribution to households is the key to effectively abolishing this practice. To empirically examine this proposition, we conducted a unique survey in rural Pakistan and gathered contemporaneous information about the expected amount of dowry for unmarried daughters. The estimation results show a negative association between female labour force participation and the expected amount of dowry, whereas no negative association is observed with other marriage expenses. These findings suggest that the negative association derives from appreciation of working women rather than their stigmatization.

The evolution of urban wedding consumption in China since 1970s

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of wedding-related consumption of urban families in China during the past 50 years.Design/methodology/approachThis study used qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect and analyse data from 157 families in China. Data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys.FindingsThe findings are as follows: average wedding expenses per family have increased, mainly as a result of the substantial growth of indirect wedding costs; the percentage of total wedding expenses represented by direct costs pertaining to the ritual is trending downwards; the percentage of total wedding expenses borne by the groom’s family is much higher than that borne by the bride’s family, and the gap is enlarging; the proportion of newlyweds living with parents was more than 50 per cent in the 1970s and 1980s, decreased to 10 per cent in the 1990s and began slightly increasing again after 2000.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used signal investment theory to explain the fact that the groom’s family bears more of the wedding expenses than the bride’s family does, but more evidences are needed to verify the theory.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of evolution of wedding consumption of urban families in China, as well as how social and economic factors influence wedding consumptions in different ages, an area with limited previous research. The authors also propose signal investment theory as an alternative explanation to current wedding consumption theories to justify the phenomenon.

Marriage, dowry, and women\u2019s status in rural Punjab, Pakistan

Dowry is a common custom observed in South Asian countries. Despite alleged negative consequences caused by dowry and the legal ban or restrictions on its practice, the custom has been extended, and recently, dowry amounts seem to be increasing. Compared with public interest in and theoretical studies on dowry, empirical studies are relatively scarce mainly due to data unavailability and inadequacy. We conducted a household survey specifically designed to empirically investigate how dowry is associated with women’s status in the marital household in rural Punjab, Pakistan. The dataset is unique because it gathers information on disaggregated marriage expenses, which enables us to examine the relation between each itemized component of dowry and women’s status. Results show that a higher dowry amount, especially in terms of furniture, electronics, and kitchenware, is positively associated with women’s status in the marital household. The positive association of these illiquid items adds suggestive evidence that in rural Punjab, Pakistan, dowry serves as a trousseau that the bride’s parents voluntarily offer to their daughter.

Causes and consequences of employment in textile industries: A study on employed adolescent girls of Tamil Nadu

Context: A distinctive recruitment strategy named “Sumangali scheme” operates in the textile industries of Tamil Nadu, where adolescent girls are lured to work for a specified period of time in return for a bulk amount of money at the end of the tenure, which can be used for their marriage expenses. Aims: We aimed to assess the causes and consequences of such employment on the lives of adolescent girls. Settings and Design: The study was conducted at Sirkazhi, Sembanarkoil, and Kollidam blocks of Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu. Qualitative study methodology was chosen for the study. Subjects and Methods: A total of nine focus group discussions (FGD) among adolescent girls and three FGD among their parents were conducted. Six in-depth interviews were conducted among key stakeholders. Statistical Analysis Used: The content of discussions and interviews was transcribed and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Data analysis was a continuous process with generation of categories and subcategories and revision and re-examination by the authors. Results: The qualitative study among adolescent girls, their parents, and key stakeholders revealed that poverty, lack of livelihood opportunities in the study area, violence and alcoholism in family, and disinterest in studies are factors responsible for employment in textile industries during adolescence. Consequences of employment in textile industries include musculoskeletal pain, frequent sickness, abuse at workplace, and complexity in marriage due to social taboos. Conclusions: Employment during the age of adolescence for women causes negative impacts on their lives which are to be addressed at workplace and the community through awareness creation and education.

Attitudes of the GCC youths towards marriage-related issues and requirements: A field study on youths planning to get married in the GCC countries

This study investigates the attitudes of the GCC youths towards marriage issues and requirements in their communities. The topic has been selected based on the researcher’s awareness of the magnitude of marriagerelated problems in the GCC countries, including divorce, spinsterhood, family disintegration, and parental conflicts. The study endeavors to explore the views of unmarried youths towards the different marriage-related issues, the basis for their selection of marriage partners, and their need for marriage orientation programs to prepare them for marriage life. This descriptive study uses the social survey sample method with a sample population of 662 participants. The population of the study consists of young people (18+) from the GCC who are planning to get married. The study shows that lack of financial means is the most important constraints precluding the GCC youths from getting married. The study also shows that the selection of a marriage partner is based mainly on the good reputation and manners of the partner. The study recommends that the GCC communities need to create awareness programs to help reduce dowries and other marriage-related expenses. It also recommends to establish marriage funds to help the youths with marriage expenses and to encourage group wedding ceremonies in order to reduce cost.